Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• confirmed by its fluorescence emission under incident light, indicating that the electrospun fibers predominantly displayed continuous cores. This suggests that the established coaxial electrospinning parameters successfully supported the formation of nanofibers with HA+NE cores. The limited discontinuities

• distribution of the core within nanofibers produced via coaxial electrospinning. A disk scanning unit confocal microscope (Olympus, Japan) was utilized for this analysis. Fluorescein was added to the core solution (1% HA + 2% NE) to enable fluorescence imaging during microscopic observation. Thermogravimetric

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• characterization and biological performance of LNPs were evaluated. These LNPs were able to maintain comparable sizes in the range of 46 to 58 nm. To further assess the impact of increased PEG density on protein adsorption, ApoE association to LNPs was quantified in vitro using fluorescence-labeled ApoE and size

• , respectively, 18.9-fold and 17.3-fold higher luciferase expression compared to 5 mol % PEG LNPs. Fundus imaging and immunohistochemistry confirmed robust tdTomato fluorescence in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), with a twofold to 3.4-fold increase in signal, showing the 0.5% PEG LNPs consistently

• observed in negative control versus mApoE pLNPs, with a nearly 160-fold increased spleen-to-liver signal [40]. Fluorescence microscopy further demonstrated that RVG29 pLNPs exhibited enhanced cellular uptake and efficient endosomal escape. These findings support that functionalized PEG lipids containing

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• (Figure 1c), apparent morphological differences were evident between fibrils formed at pH 4.0 (needle-like and extended) and those formed at pH 8.0 (more coiled and entangled) (Figure 2). Thioflavin (ThT) binding assay The ThT assay showed the greatest increase in fluorescence intensity over 21 days in

• concentration environment exhibited the highest fluorescence, though more detailed investigation using methods such as attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy or circular dichroism (CD) will be necessary to confirm an elevated β-sheet content in these fibrils. A similar

• curled-fibril morphology has been reported for cp19k homologues from other barnacle species, but at the low pH/low salt concentration conditions noted above, and these fibrils did not exhibit fluorescence in ThT assays and were instead proposed to be largely non-amyloid and α-helical in content [29

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• that the implantation causes a rearrangement of the carbon atoms into a structure with lower defect density. Since the Raman spectra of PI polymers exhibit a high fluorescence background due to strong optical absorption and excitation of π-electrons in phenyl rings, the structural changes in PI were

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• obtain nucleic acid aptamer S3-2-3 with binding specificity to ESCC cells. After labeled with Cy5 dye, it can yield highly specific fluorescence imaging for ESCC tissues, providing accurate display tools for clinical diagnosis. The remarkably short 18-nucleotide length of aptamer S3-2-3 enables its

• single-stranded DNA aptamer Te4, which specifically binds to TE-1 cells, through Cell-SELEX and further formed aptamer–DOX complexes to deliver DOX directly to cancer cells. In vivo imaging showed that the fluorescence signal of the complex weakened after 150 min, and the circulation time was short

• the same antitumor activity as free Dox in vivo. In order to further enhance the antitumor effect, the use of nanotechnology to improve the stability of SYL-6 is key. It is worth noting that the SYL-6 aptamer also yields strong fluorescence signals on colon cancer and other tissues, indicating that

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• evaluate the nanoparticles’ antitumor activity included fluorescence intensity and combination index to determine drug synergy. The results indicate the nanoparticles exhibit a synergistic effect, effectively target HepG2 cells as observed by fluorescence, and show a higher inhibition of cell proliferation

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• -noise ratio and is affected by surface fluorescence from the samples, making careful sample preparation essential before analysis [134]. In recent years, advancements in MPs research have led to the development of innovative analytical tools for their detection, such as digital holography, scanning

Nanomaterials for biomedical applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Filippo Pierini,
• Seda Kizilel and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1499–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.105

• conditions such as cancer, neurological disorders, and infections. Quantum dots are a widely studied type of nanomaterial used in biomedical diagnostics. When these semiconductor particles are exposed to light, they strongly and stably emit fluorescence. Unlike regular dyes, quantum dots do not quickly fade

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• mechanism of NPs in PLAL has been investigated extensively, primarily through the use of laser-induced fluorescence analysis and shadowgraph analysis [17][18][19][20][21]. Use of small-angle X-ray scattering, wide-angle X-ray scattering, and X-ray imaging techniques has enabled a more comprehensive

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• -dependent fluorescence due to quantum confinement effects, enabling precise tuning of emission wavelengths [94]. These properties make QDs ideal candidates for both imaging and drug delivery. Unlike other nanoparticles, QDs do not encapsulate drugs internally; instead, they function as drug delivery systems

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• . Other characterization techniques include nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study membrane fluidity and phase transitions, fluorescence spectroscopy for investigating drug–liposome interactions, and capillary electrophoresis to analyze liposome–drug interactions and drug release [110][121

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• membrane, the IR780 (NIR) fluorescence dye was loaded as a photosensitizer for PTT to generate biomimetic “IR780-rRBC” NPs. The antitumor effect of IR780-rRBC was also evaluated. After laser treatment, the tumor temperatures in mice treated with IR780-rRBC and IR780-rRBC NPs increased up to 60 and 70 °C

• nm) fluorescence and PTT, consisting of tumor cell-derived exosomes (EXO) and TT3-oCB nanoparticles. The TT3-oCB NP-EXOs showed promising and stable photothermal conversion capacity under 808 nm irradiation to be used as biomimetic NPs for NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided PTT of tumors. The TT3-oCB

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• consistent with values similar or slightly above to those obtained in PBS. Meanwhile, in the hypertonic solution, the curvature at the beginning of the curve is lower, and further deformation is required to attain the linear behavior. Based on our force spectroscopy results and reported fluorescence

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• 45 min. Afterward, fluorescence and absorbance were measured at the 485/535 nm range by a microplate reader (Tecan, Switzerland). Cellular uptake assay According to the logic of the NMs uptake procedure by flow cytometry, an increasing percentage of side scatter (SSC%) shift indicates growth in

A calix[4]arene-based supramolecular nanoassembly targeting cancer cells and triggering the release of nitric oxide with green light

• Cristina Parisi,
• Loredana Ferreri,
• Tassia J. Martins,
• Francesca Laneri,
• Samantha Sollima,
• Antonina Azzolina,
• Antonella Cusimano,
• Nicola D’Antona,
• Grazia M. L. Consoli and
• Salvatore Sortino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1003–1013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.75

• activatable with blue light, and encouraging the NO release with the more biocompatible green light probably by an intra-cage photoinduced electron transfer. Keywords: calixarenes; cell targeting; fluorescence; light; nitric oxide; Introduction Calix[n]arenes are a family of polyphenolic macrocycles

• in diameter with a polydispersity index (PI) of ca. 0.4 (inset Figure 1A). This means the sample has a moderate range of particle sizes, however suitable for drug delivery applications. Figure 1B shows the fluorescence emission spectra of a water solution of 1. Similar to the absorption, the spectrum

• is also in line with the typical emission of the ABF fluorophore, with a maximum of ca. 550 nm [62][63][64]. Despite this spectral similarity, the fluorescence quantum yield of 1 was lower than that reported for the isolated ABF [55][56][57][58][59][62][63][64] chromophore, being Φf = 0.02. Besides

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• in the metabolically active mitochondria with high membrane potential (Figure 1b, control in centre column). After treatment with FCCP, depolarisation occurs (Figure 1b, FCCP in the right column) and TMRE fluorescence decreases. MTG labels mitochondria independently from the membrane potential

• units via the ’Set Scale’ function. The perimeter of each mitochondrion was manually outlined using the polygon selection tool, and measurements were obtained using the ’Measure’ function. Characterisation of isolated mitochondria by fluorescence microscopy. Isolated mitochondria were stained with MTG

• (a) and TMRE (b) and investigated for 30 min with and without treatment with 5 μM FCCP. The fluorescence intensity of both dyes was quantified in ten representative individual mitochondria. Both, TMRE fluorescence and the TMRE/MTG ratio (c) significantly decreased after FCCP treatment compared to the

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• environmentally friendly as CDs play a role as capping, reducing, and stabilizing agent without addition of any chemicals. PG-CDs-AgNPs showed a particle size of 10 nm having excellent fluorescence emission in the blue region, and it has been explored as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications. The

• electrodes for energy storing. Keywords: asymmetric supercapacitor; carbon dots; fluorescence emission; green approach; silver nanoparticles; Introduction The extensive usage of fossil fuels is a result from the rising demand for energy. However, the use of fossil fuels is not sufficient to attend the

• PG-CDs exhibited intense blue fluorescence (inset in Figure 1a), indicating the successful formation and photoluminescent nature of CDs. The formation of PG-CDs-AgNPs in the nanoscale is established by UV–visible spectroscopy by the appearance of SPR peaks at 475 nm [26]. The gradual emergence of

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• an irreversible amorphization was observed at high reduction temperatures, while a partial decomposition of the ceria nanoislands to metallic cerium was found to occur under milder conditions than on Pt(111) or other metal substrates [48]. High-energy resolution fluorescence detected (HERFD)-XANES

• photons [50]. If a specific fluorescence decay with a sufficiently narrow energy bandwidth is selected, an energy resolution higher than that limited by core–hole lifetime broadening can be achieved. For Ce L3-edge absorption (5715–5750 eV), the emission spectrometer was tuned to the Lα1 channel at 4840

• appeared mainly located close to the surface [61]. A different study performed on clean and stoichiometric cerium oxide films by pump–probe XAS at the Ce L3 edge in the XANES and EXAFS range, detected in the total fluorescence yield mode, provided proof for photoinduced polaron formation by clearly

Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

• Demian van Straten,
• Luuk van de Schepop,
• Rowan Frunt,
• Pieter Vader and
• Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

• washed with PBS and detached with trypsin (Gibco) and collected in full medium (containing 10% NHI FCS). Cells were spun down 5 min at 300g to remove trypsin, washed with cold PBS and then resuspended in ice cold PBS + 1% BSA (PBA) and their fluorescence was measured using a BD FACS Canto II (BD

• Biosciences). Cell mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was analyzed with FACS Diva software. ApoE dose response LNP uptake A day before the experiment, HMEC-1 were seeded in a gelatin coated 48-well plate (5 × 104 cells/well) and allowed to adhere overnight. The next day, serum-free medium was supplemented with

• µL ApoE media containing fluorescent LNPs. Cells were incubated for 4 h at 37 °C before collecting them and measuring the fluorescence by FACS as described in the previous section. Knockdown For knockdown experiments, dual luciferase expressing cells were seeded at 5 × 103 cells/well in a 96-well

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• . The assay revealed two distinct cell populations, namely, viable cells displaying intense green fluorescence (Calcein AM, ex/em: 495/515 nm) and non-viable cells exhibiting deep red fluorescence (SYTOX Deep Red, ex/mm: 660/682 nm). The proportion of viable cells remained consistently high across all

• tested FLG–TA concentrations. The high ratio of green-to-red fluorescence intensity observed in Figure S7, Supporting Information File 1, indicates robust cellular viability. These findings strongly align with previous metabolic activity results. Because of strong molecular interactions during synthesis

• biocomposite’s cellular protective capabilities against ROS. Confocal microscopic studies indicated that cells displayed green fluorescence after FLG–TA exposure (Figure 4A). Fluorescence signal quantification showed intensities of 3.40 ± 0.35, 1.77 ± 0.97, and 1.71 ± 0.61 for FLG–TA treatments at 1, 25, and 200

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• detection methods, Liu et al. developed a fluorescence-based system using a FAM-labeled DNA aptamer fluorophore along with a nanoquencher attached to self-assembled polydopamine nanospheres. This nanosystem showed selective recognition of AβOs through a “fluorescence-signal on” mechanism, where the FAM-DNA

• binding to AβOs, these NPs facilitate label-free detection methods such as SPR, colorimetric changes, and fluorescence amplification, enabling straightforward real-time monitoring of oligomer formation. This innovative approach not only deepens our understanding of amyloid pathology but also contributes

• . Fluorescence studies revealed that the presence of the AuNRs significantly inhibits the development of larger oligomers and fibrils, with inhibition efficacy diminishing as the diameter of the NPs decreases [80]. In a different approach, Randhawa et al. designed glucosamine-conjugated gold nanoparticles (Gln

Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral

• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Yailen Costa Marrero,
• Tania Farias Piñeira,
• Céline Fontaine,
• Lexane Paget,
• Beatriz Concepción Rosabal,
• Arbelio Penton Madrigal,
• Vitalii Petranovskii and
• Gwendoline Lafaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40

• being mixed. After 24 h, the solid phases were separated, lightly washed with distilled water, and oven-dried at 110 °C. Characterization The elemental composition of ZSA and the modified materials from both treatments was determined using X-ray fluorescence analysis, performed with a ZETIUM PANalytical

• Andrés deposit. Some HEU crystals are indicated by a, b, and c, where a and b exhibit tabular characteristics while c has slat morphology. Mordenite crystals, marked by d, e, and f, show acicular to fibrous shapes. Elemental composition determined by X-ray fluorescence of the materials obtained by IE and

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• applications within permissible limits. To assess the safe dose of SDS in other products, various high throughput tools are available, including spectrophotometrics, potentiometrics, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis, and fluorescence-based methods [15][16][17][18][19

• (PEI) and ascorbic acid [27]. However, their approach is fluorescence-based, which makes it difficult to estimate at the target site and also requires a sophisticated instrument such as a spectrofluorometer. Consequently, developing a simple colorimetric detection method for SDS using polymer