Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• nanoparticles exhibit a significantly lower PL emission intensity than CF alone because of the higher separation efficiency of charge carriers of the CF/GQDs sample. The UV–vis DRS spectra of CF and CF/GQDs (Figure 6b) show that the absorption intensity becomes stronger after grafting the GQDs on CF, indicating

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• acid was covalently grafted on the surface of SiO2 nanoparticles. SiO2 nanoparticles provided thermal stability and chemical inertness while gallic acid provided chain-breaking antioxidant properties. By grafting antioxidant compounds on SiO2 nanoparticles, the deterioration can be decreased [59

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• strength for NR. On the other hand, the grafting of nanofiller onto NR to prepare NR nanocomposites has been recently discovered. Nanofillers, such as nanosilica and derivates of nanocarbon, are the most well-known fillers that have been used in rubber technology. Nanosilica has been known to reduce the

• grafting on NR to form an in situ nanosilica nanomatrix. The formation of nanosilica particles improved the thermal and mechanical properties of the graft copolymer. Furthermore, a well-controlled nanosilica nanomatrix structure in NR has been achieved in our previous work [18], where VTES was grafted onto

• grafting GO onto DPNR. The results show that the tensile strength of DPNR/GO increased compared to that of DPNR, which proved the successful grafting of GO onto NR by the radical route. However, GO possesses a highly hydrophilic character, which is the opposite of the highly hydrophobic nature of NR. Thus

Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo₂O₄ on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

• Sylwia Pawłowska,
• Karolina Cysewska,
• Yasamin Ziai,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

• interactions, ionic cross-linking, and hydrogen-bonded gels). Chemically synthesised hydrogels are produced by covalent cross-linking pathways such as radical polymerisation, radiation cross-linking, grafting, thermogelation, enzymatic reactions, and click chemistry [4][5]. Hydrogel materials have quite a long

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• resistance, and better antioxidant properties compared to pristine CQDs [5]. Functionalization of CQDs with amino groups (NH2 groups) induces a redshift of the photoluminescence because of the charge transfer from the amino groups to the carbon honeycomb core [6]. Also, grafting with NH2 groups, by means of

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• nanocomposites are prepared via ex situ or in situ approaches, in which MNPs are either synthesized beforehand and subsequently added to a polymer matrix or directly generated inside the polymer film. Ex situ methods include grafting [34], electrostatic [35] or polyol processes [36], but remain relatively

Solvent-induced assembly of mono- and divalent silica nanoparticles

• Bin Liu,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 52–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.6

• corresponded to a nominal grafting surface density of 0.7 funct./nm2. Then, MMS-functionalized silica NPs (1.8 × 1016 part/L) were used as seeds for the seed-growth emulsion polymerization of styrene (100 g/L) stabilized by a mixture (3 g/L) of Symperonic® NP30 and SDS (5 wt %) and initiated by 1.3 mL of

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• . 10 nm were observed for AB-LNPs. AB-LNPs showed a rice-like shape, which was similar to that of LNPs and Au-LNPs, indicating that grafting both Au3+ and BDP onto LNPs did not destroy the structure of the preformed LNPs. Photothermal properties of AB-LNPs To evaluate the photothermal properties of AB

• transitions for better photothermal conversion efficiency [13][14]. In this work, we chose a halogenated BODIPY with good photothermal conversion rate to be grafted onto Au-LNPs for synergistic PTT. In current study, we attempted to create AB-LNPs by simply grafting Au and BDP onto the surface of LNPs. The

Supramolecular assembly of pentamidine and polymeric cyclodextrin bimetallic core–shell nanoarchitectures

• Alexandru-Milentie Hada,
• Nina Burduja,
• Marco Abbate,
• Claudio Stagno,
• Guy Caljon,
• Louis Maes,
• Nicola Micale,
• Massimiliano Cordaro,
• Angela Scala,
• Antonino Mazzaglia and
• Anna Piperno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1361–1369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.112

• inclusion of the drug into CD cavities. Although we observed a red shift of the plasmonic band in UV–vis spectra (Figure 4B), the grafting of Pent to the silver surface was excluded by Raman analyses (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). Overall, these data suggested privileged interactions of Pent

• with CD cavities, whereas the Pent/Ag interactions can be excluded or, at least, they could be not strong enough to produce the Pent grafting. The DLS and ζ-potential measurements indicated excellent stability of nanoGSP (Figure 4C and Table 2). Specifically, nanoGS and nanoGSP showed strong ζ

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

• Shuoye Yang,
• Zhenwei Wang,
• Yahong Ping,
• Yuying Miao,
• Yongmei Xiao,
• Lingbo Qu,
• Lu Zhang,
• Yuansen Hu and
• Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

• that carboxy groups are present on the surface of CNTs and more charges are exposed at the outside of the nanotubes. After grafting of PEG and PEI, the zeta potential of CNTs sharply increases to above 0 mV, owing to the presence of amino groups, which also suggests the successful grafting of PEG and

• the results regarding particle size and zeta potential, H2SO4/HNO3 was subsequently selected to produce carboxylated CNTs. Characterization results confirm the successful grafting of PEG and PEI onto CNTs, and different CNT nanocarriers can load DOX with high LE and EE. Compared with CNTs-COOH and

Transient coating of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with glutamate for its delivery to and removal from brain nerve terminals

• Konstantin Paliienko,
• Artem Pastukhov,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Olga Vasylchenko and
• Tatiana Borisova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1381–1393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.122

• grafting of biomolecules via ionic bonding or adsorption and by the covalent conjugation of biomolecules via strong chemical bonding [17][18]. Noncovalent nanoparticle functionalization is relatively easy to undertake. However, the results are difficult to control and to reproduce presumably because of

Photothermally active nanoparticles as a promising tool for eliminating bacteria and biofilms

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Laura D’Alfonso,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1134–1146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.98

• excitation [6]. Later, these authors introduced a new photo-responsive antibacterial surface preparation approach by combining the on-demand photo-switchable hyperthermal action and the sustained biocidal Ag+ release from an upper layer of Ag NPs by sequentially grafting and segregating gold nanostars and Ag

Highly sensitive detection of estradiol by a SERS sensor based on TiO₂ covered with gold nanoparticles

• Andrea Brognara,
• Ili F. Mohamad Ali Nasri,
• Beatrice R. Bricchi,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,
• Matteo Ghidelli and
• Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1026–1035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.87

• substrates, MBA was used as it is a well-known Raman reporter, showing two intense characteristic peaks at 1080 and 1590 cm−1 from aromatic ring vibrations [30]. The structure of MBA and the grafting process (thiol–gold interaction) guarantee that the molecule will preferentially attach to gold [37][38]. The

A 3D-polyphenylalanine network inside porous alumina: Synthesis and characterization of an inorganic–organic composite membrane

• Jonathan Stott and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.78

• Fores et al. The authors realized peptide hydrogels in a porous melamine foam for use in continuous flow chemistry [30]. Other polyelectrolytes such as poly(acrylic acid) were prepared using an ozone-induced grafting process for cellulose fibers [31]. Hydrophobic foams of poly(γ-benzyl-ʟ-glutamate-co-ʟ

• therefore phenylalanine serves as an ideal and straightforward test bed. To the best of our knowledge, in situ formation and grafting of hydrophobic organo-gels within an inorganic porous environment has not been studied so far. As an inorganic substrate, sintered porous alumina membranes were

• containing silanes such as APTMS [36]. For an effective grafting process, first a hydroxylation of the methoxy groups of APTMS is beneficial which can be induced by adsorbed water on the ALOX surface [37]. Trifunctional organosilanes such as APTMS enable polycondensation and the formation of a vertically

Interactions at the cell membrane and pathways of internalization of nano-sized materials for nanomedicine

• Valentina Francia,
• Daphne Montizaan and
• Anna Salvati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 338–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.25

• to reduce protein adsorption and corona formation. This can be achieved for instance by grafting hydrophilic polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the surface of nanomedicines, or by introducing zwitterionic modifications to make nanomaterials almost neutral [42][43][44][45]. These

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

• block. Recent efforts in targeting through the hydrophilic block are summarized in Table 3. Carbohydrates have been used in order to confer targeting properties and they are often modified by grafting the hydrophobic photosensitizers in order to yield the amphiphilic properties necessary for self

Mobility of charge carriers in self-assembled monolayers

• Zhihua Fu,
• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Alexander Welle,
• Asif Bashir,
• Michael Rohwerder,
• Qiang Zhang,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2449–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.235

• stability resulting from the formation of a strong S–Au bond grafting the thiolates to the substrate. In selected cases, very high structural quality has been reported, with ordered domains in the size range of several 100 nm [11]. Previous research into the electron transfer within SAMs focused on the

• adhesion layer. The thickness and deposition rate (10 Å s−1) were monitored using a quartz crystal microbalance. Between substrate preparation and SAM formation, the substrates were stored in an argon atmosphere. The formation of the PAT monolayers on the gold silicon wafer was described above. Grafting

• experiments The grafting process was performed with the Bruker Dimension® Icon™ SPM system in a liquid cell filled with a 1 mM ethanolic solution of HDT. The PAT SAM-Au/mica substrate was placed into the solution and allowed to stand for 30 min in order to avoid thermal drift of the sample during grafting

pH-Controlled fluorescence switching in water-dispersed polymer brushes grafted to modified boron nitride nanotubes for cellular imaging

• Saban Kalay,
• Yurij Stetsyshyn,
• Volodymyr Donchak,
• Khrystyna Harhay,
• Ostap Lishchynskyi,
• Halyna Ohar,
• Yuriy Panchenko,
• Stanislav Voronov and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2428–2439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.233

• functionalization strategies can be classified into three groups: (1) noncovalent, (2) covalent grafting to the surface, and (3) formation of amino and/or hydroxyl groups at the ends and defect sites [11][25][26][27]. Up to now, the most prospective procedure for BNNT functionalization is covalent grafting of

• irradiation [43], by mechanical milling [44] or with the iminoborane treatment [45]. The first step in covalent bonding of oligoperoxide to BNNT surfaces is to bind pyromellitic chloroanhydride moieties through available amino groups. The second step involves the grafting polymerization “from the surface” of

• -functionalized BNNTs were dried and used for grafting polymerization (2). Fabrication of P(AA-co-FA)-grafted brushes BNNTs with grafted oligoperoxide [(2) below in Scheme 1] were placed in a container with 0.1 М of AA and 0.01 M FA aqueous solution and sonicated for 20 min. Then, the mixture was heated under

Microbubbles decorated with dendronized magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical imaging: effective stabilization via fluorous interactions

• Da Shi,
• Justine Wallyn,
• Dinh-Vu Nguyen,
• Francis Perton,
• Delphine Felder-Flesch,
• Sylvie Bégin-Colin,
• Mounir Maaloum and
• Marie Pierre Krafft

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2103–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.205

• and Discussion Synthesis and grafting of dendrons on iron oxide nanoparticles The OEG dendrons were synthesized as described in the Experimental section. Briefly, the piperazine scaffold was selected as an appropriate template to introduce the perfluoroalkylated or alkylated chain on a generation 1

• the IONPs [32]. The four dendrons were grafted on the magnetic IONPs by direct exchange of the ligand (oleic acid) according to [33]. The excess dendron material was removed by ultrafiltration. The grafting of the dendrons on the IONPs was assessed by infrared spectroscopy (IR), which showed a

• significant reduction of the oleic acid alkyl bands (2926‒2850 cm−1) and the appearance of the OEG signal (1096 cm−1) (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). The grafting of the dendrons on the IONPs was also confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS, Figure 2). The hydrodynamic mean diameter of IONP

Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting

• Xianping Liu,
• Chengjuan Du,
• Haichun Li,
• Ting Jiang,
• Zimiao Luo,
• Zhiqing Pang,
• Daoying Geng and
• Jun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181

• promising marker for sensitive glioblastoma detection and localization in molecular MR imaging. PEPHC1 (the sequence: HFLIIGFMRRAACGA) is a small peptide that has been identified for specific binding with EGFRvIII [26]. Thus PEPHC1 grafting to PEGylated SPIONs could help to construct a targeted nanoprobe

Highly ordered mesoporous silica film nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Mohamad Azani Jalani,
• Leny Yuliati,
• Siew Ling Lee and
• Hendrik O. Lintang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1368–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.135

• from gold(III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4) solution have been used as a precursor for post-synthetic grafting upon mixing with mesoporous silica [20]. Another method is to utilize the co-condensation reaction by the mixing solution of HAuCl4 with surfactants and silica sources during the sol–gel

Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by phenolic compound-modified maghemite nanoparticles

• Małgorzata Świętek,
• Yi-Chin Lu,
• Rafał Konefał,
• Liliana P. Ferreira,
• M. Margarida Cruz,
• Yunn-Hwa Ma and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1073–1088, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.108

• of chitosan increase with an increasing degree of deacetylation and a decreasing molecular weight [14][15]. Three strategies for incorporating phenolic compounds into chitosan have previously been described, including laccase- or tyrosinase-mediated enzymatic grafting, carbodiimide-activated

• conjugation via esterification or amidation, and free-radical grafting [16]. The aim of this work was to design and fabricate superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with antioxidant properties. Positively charged γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized through co-precipitation, and their surface was

• phenolic compounds resembled each other (Figure 1b). After free-radical grafting, new peaks appeared at 3.85, 3.98, 6.91 (only in CS-G), 8.85, and 9.19 ppm. Moreover, peaks at 1.78, 4.32, and 4.61 ppm changed their multiplicity and intensity. Peaks at 6.91, 8.85, and 9.19 ppm were ascribed to the 1H, 3OH

Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection by peptide–noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates

• Zaid K. Alghrair,
• David G. Fernig and
• Bahram Ebrahimi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1038–1047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.104

• enhanced antiviral activity compared to the free peptides. The IC50 value of the FluPep-functionalised nanoparticles decreased as the grafting density of FluPep ligand increased from 0.03% to 5% (both mol/mol), with IC50 values down to about 10% of that of the corresponding free peptide. The data

• and such nanoparticles could be used in cell culture medium. Purification of functionalised gold nanoparticles When the peptide FluPep ligand was included in the ligand mix to functionalise the nanoparticles, its molar fraction in percent in relation to the matrix ligand should reflect its grafting

• of approximately two to eight plaques at 200 pM (Figure 4). As the grafting density of FluPep ligand was increased, so did the antiviral activity, to reach a maximum at 5% (mol/mol) FluPep (Figure 4). This is reflected by the decreased IC50 value, which shows a 4.5-fold greater potency of

Topochemical engineering of composite hybrid fibers using layered double hydroxides and abietic acid

• Liji Sobhana,
• Lokesh Kesavan,
• Jan Gustafsson and
• Pedro Fardim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 589–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.60

• . The disintegrated pulp was dewatered by centrifugation to yield the free unbound cellulose fibers. These cellulose fibers were used for further grafting with LDH. Refining of the pulps and Schopper–Riegler analysis Refining of bleached and unbleached pulps was performed at a pulp concentration of 1.57

• well packed and stacked fibers that decrease the free path of water during filtration are obtained. Thus, refining increases water retention of the wet fiber mat during the Schopper–Riegler measurement, expressed as a higher value of the refining degree in °SR. Grafting of LDH on cellulose fibers The

• min under ambient conditions to allow for the grafting between LDH and AA. Then the handsheets were gently taken out and allowed to dry at room temperature. Characterization Optical microscopy analysis: An optical microscope Nikon Eclipse E200 combined with a Nikon DS-Fi2 digital camera was used to