Tailoring bifunctional hybrid organic–inorganic nanoadsorbents by the choice of functional layer composition probed by adsorption of Cu²⁺ ions

• Veronika V. Tomina,
• Inna V. Melnyk,
• Yuriy L. Zub,
• Aivaras Kareiva,
• Miroslava Vaclavikova,
• Gulaim A. Seisenbaeva and
• Vadim G. Kessler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 334–347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.36

• useful in further grafting of new functions via organic condensation reactions [30]. In the studies examining one-step preparations of nanoparticles bearing 3-aminopropyl groups it was shown that heating a suspension in DMF at 100 °C for 24 h did not increase the content of surface amino groups, but

Laser irradiation in water for the novel, scalable synthesis of black TiO_x photocatalyst for environmental remediation

• Massimo Zimbone,
• Giuseppe Cacciato,
• Mohamed Boutinguiza,
• Vittorio Privitera and
• Maria Grazia Grimaldi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 196–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.21

• dots [10], to the use of metal grafting [11][12][13][14] or plasmonic metal nanostructures [15][16][17][18][19] and the preparation of oxygen-deficient and/or hydrogen-rich TiOx [20][21][22]. We are interested, in particular, in this last approach. Hydrogenated black TiO2 has attracted attention due to

Intercalation and structural aspects of macroRAFT agents into MgAl layered double hydroxides

• Dessislava Kostadinova,
• Ana Cenacchi Pereira,
• Muriel Lansalot,
• Franck D’Agosto,
• Elodie Bourgeat-Lami,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Christine Taviot-Guého,
• Sylvian Cadars and
• Vanessa Prevot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2000–2012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.191

• than the BA units. Our results demonstrate that hydrophilic macroRAFT polymers can be efficiently intercalated into MgAl-NO3 LDH forming a functional hybrid material which can be further involved in RAFT polymerization to promote grafting from polymerization or the formation of nanocomposite particles

Photothermal effect of gold nanostar patterns inkjet-printed on coated paper substrates with different permeability

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Anni Määttänen,
• Petri Ihalainen,
• Maddalena Collini,
• Elisa Cabrini,
• Giacomo Dacarro,
• Piersandro Pallavicini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1480–1485, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.140

• the amphiphilic nature of the poly(ethylene glycol) chains [18]. PEG-SH decoration causes LSPR of GNS to red-shift by about 10 nm, because of the slight local increase in the refractive index related to thiols grafting on the gold surface [18]. GNS decorated with PEG-SH are stable even after repeated

An efficient recyclable magnetic material for the selective removal of organic pollutants

• Clément Monteil,
• Nathalie Bar,
• Agnès Bee and
• Didier Villemin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1447–1453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.136

• preparation and conditions of the studies The novelty of this contribution consists in the use of PEI with phosphonic groups allowing a solid grafting of PEI on the maghemite nanoparticles, by the formation of strong covalent P–O–Fe bonds. The presence of these negative phosphonic groups ensures the stability

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• grafted covalently into polymers using two main strategies: (i) “grafting from” and (ii) “grafting to” [2]. In the “grafting from” approach, initiators are initially immobilized onto the surface of the filler. The fillers are bound with desired polymer molecules by in situ polymerization. The main

• advantage of this method is that a high grafting density can be achieved. However, this method is very sensitive to the processing parameters [2]. Using the “grafting to” method, polymer molecules and fillers are functionalized with suitable functional groups, which are then chemically reacted to form a

• bond. The main advantage is that processing is relatively easy. However, the grafting density is low due to slow diffusion. Also, this approach can be applied for polymers with reactive functional groups [2]. The SWNTs can be functionalized by reacting them with organic hydrazine in an aqueous

Assembling semiconducting molecules by covalent attachment to a lamellar crystalline polymer substrate

• Rainhard Machatschek,
• Patrick Ortmann,
• Renate Reiter,
• Stefan Mecking and
• Günter Reiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 784–798, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.70

• polymer from solution. Attachment of the semiconducting molecules to the lamellar surface of large single crystals was possible, however, only after an appropriate annealing procedure. As a function of the duration of the grafting process, the morphology of the resulting layer of semiconducting molecules

• . Thus, we could functionalize these layers of nanocrystals by chemically grafting semiconducting molecules that interact via π-orbitals. For a densely grafted layer of such molecules, potentially significant overlap between their π-orbitals can be achieved, resulting in efficient charge carrier

• coupling reagents, resulting in functionalization of the surface via chemically grafting molecules 1 to the carboxyl groups present at the surface. Based on the observed low fluorescence intensity, we concluded that the number of perylene molecules attached to CPE45 nanocrystal surfaces was low, suggesting

Investigating organic multilayers by spectroscopic ellipsometry: specific and non-specific interactions of polyhistidine with NTA self-assembled monolayers

• Ilaria Solano,
• Pietro Parisse,
• Ornella Cavalleri,
• Federico Gramazio,
• Loredana Casalis and
• Maurizio Canepa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 544–553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.48

• (both shaving and grafting modes). Results and Discussion Substrate functionalization: the NTA-SAM The first step of the experiment consisted of the formation and the characterization of the NTA-terminated precursor SAMs. Details on the preparation are reported in the Experimental section. Note that an

Mismatch detection in DNA monolayers by atomic force microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Maryse D. Nkoua Ngavouka,
• Pietro Capaldo,
• Elena Ambrosetti,
• Giacinto Scoles,
• Loredana Casalis and
• Pietro Parisse

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 220–227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.20

• 25 bases-long ssDNA sequences, HS-SNP-C and HS-SNP-T (see Table 1) differing from one cytosine vs one thymine. We produced by nanografting patches of each of the two ssDNA sequences into 1 μm2 areas in the biorepellent TOEG6 SAM, using the same grafting parameters (Figure 2a). After grafting, the

Chemical bath deposition of textured and compact zinc oxide thin films on vinyl-terminated polystyrene brushes

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Caroline G. Hofmeister,
• Peter Lindemann,
• Cheng Huang,
• Johannes Baier,
• Andreas Leineweber,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Christof Wöll,
• Thomas Schimmel and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 102–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.12

• the molecules. Since we measured a thickness of 1–2 nm for our PS films, we can calculate a nominal grafting density of 20–40% (0.164–0.329 molecules per nm2) for our brush system. The polarity of the different surfaces was investigated by ζ-potential and contact angle measurements. The isoelectric

Orthogonal chemical functionalization of patterned gold on silica surfaces

• Francisco Palazon,
• Didier Léonard,
• Thierry Le Mogne,
• Francesca Zuttion,
• Céline Chevalier,
• Magali Phaner-Goutorbe,
• Éliane Souteyrand,
• Yann Chevolot and
• Jean-Pierre Cloarec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2272–2277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.233

• orthogonality of the functionalization (i.e., selective grafting of the thiol on the gold areas and the silane on the silica) was demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF–SIMS) mapping. The orthogonal functionalization was used to

Plasma fluorination of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: functionalization and thermal stability

• Claudia Struzzi,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Axel Hemberg,
• Luca Petaccia,
• Jean-François Colomer,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2263–2271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.232

• km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy, Research Group on Carbon Nanostructures (CARBONNAGe), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium 10.3762/bjnano.6.232 Abstract Grafting of fluorine species on carbon nanostructures has attracted interest due to the effective modification of physical and chemical

• achieving fine control of their electronic properties. Carbon nanostructures have been decorated with a large variety of atoms and molecules, using wet chemistry, hydrothermal reactions and plasma process [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Among the most studied, fluorine-based grafting species represent both a valid

• for the evaluation of the spatial distribution of fluorine atoms, while X-ray photoelectron spectromicroscopy measurements indicated that the grafting occurred mainly up to a few µm under the tips of the nanotubes without damaging the carbon structure [20]. In that case, the Ar/F2 mixture

Nanostructured superhydrophobic films synthesized by electrodeposition of fluorinated polyindoles

• Gabriela Ramos Chagas,
• Thierry Darmanin and
• Frédéric Guittard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2078–2087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.212

• extremely various shapes can be produced in solution by self-assembly [19][20][21] or directly formed on substrates by different strategies such as preferential growth [22], grafting [23], vapor phase polymerization [24], plasma polymerization [25] and electropolymerization [26][27][28][29][30]. The last

The convenient preparation of stable aryl-coated zerovalent iron nanoparticles

• Olga A. Guselnikova,
• Andrey I. Galanov,
• Anton K. Gutakovskii and
• Pavel S. Postnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1192–1198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.121

• a 10 nm thick organic layer to provide long-term protection in air for the highly reactive zerovalent iron core up to 180 °C. The surface-modified iron NPs possess a high grafting density of the aryl group on the NPs surface of 1.23 mmol/g. FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, HRTEM, TGA/DTA, and elemental

• diazonium salts (ADSs) are excellent agents for the covalent grafting of organic functional groups onto carbon, metal and metal oxides surfaces [12][13]. Wide applicability of ADSs is due to their ease of preparation, possibility of fast electrolytic reduction, wide range of functional groups of diazonium

• utilization of different surfactants and stabilizers [27]. However, none of these approaches lead to covalent grafting. In our recent work, the principle of the surface interaction of ZVI NPs and arenediazonium tosylates (ADTs) was demonstrated [28]. However, the mechanism of the modification process and the

A versatile strategy towards non-covalent functionalization of graphene by surface-confined supramolecular self-assembly of Janus tectons

• Ping Du,
• David Bléger,
• Fabrice Charra,
• Vincent Bouchiat,
• David Kreher,
• Fabrice Mathevet and
• André-Jean Attias

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 632–639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.64

• ) [6]. This aspect is critical as far as electronic devices are concerned. It is known that even low-density sp3 grafting strongly affects the delocalization of electrons within the graphene layer, making it incompatible for applications such as sensors [7]. Finally, an adsorbed molecular lattice can

Self-assembled anchor layers/polysaccharide coatings on titanium surfaces: a study of functionalization and stability

• Ognen Pop-Georgievski,
• Dana Kubies,
• Josef Zemek,
• Neda Neykova,
• Roman Demianchuk,
• Eliška Mázl Chánová,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Milan Houska and
• František Rypáček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 617–631, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.63

• controlled cell adhesion [37]. The presence of amine groups in PDA has been used for functionalization with moieties for photo-induced grafting reactions [38][39]. In this work, we study the immobilization of three compounds to the titanium surface: bisphosphonate neridronate, APTES and PDA. The neridronate

• grafting density, calculated from the ellipsometric thickness and the molecular weight of ALG (1.5 × 106 g∙mol−1), was 1.3–3.0 × 1011 chains/cm2. The presence of the polysaccharide chains was obvious from the significant increase in the surface hydrophilicity. The immobilization of hydrophilic alginate

• neridronate and PDA anchor layers as determined before the grafting. The adopted optical model conforms with the observed stability of neat neridronate and PDA films during the immersion in PBS (Supporting Information File 1, Figures S4 and S5). When the polysaccharide layer was bound to the APTES siloxane

Entropy effects in the collective dynamic behavior of alkyl monolayers tethered to Si(111)

• Christian Godet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 583–594, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.60

• analysis indicates better short-range order (along with weaker motional constraints) for gauche defects as compared with end-group dipoles. Experimental Covalent immobilization of mixed alkyl/acid OML Covalent OML grafting was performed on hydrogen-terminated Si(111):H surfaces using linear alkene

• Rennes 1) is acknowledged for molecular grafting experiments. The author is also grateful to A.B. Fadjie-Djomkam and S. Ababou-Girard (IPR, University of Rennes 1) for their participation in the admittance measurements. Top: the electrostatic pressure resulting from a dc voltage drop on the insulating

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• of nanomedicine. The covalent grafting of BNNTs with human transferrin, linked through a carbamide bond, was reported [67]. The transferrin–BNNTs were tested on primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to investigate their cellular uptake. It was concluded that the functionalization of

Formation of stable Si–O–C submonolayers on hydrogen-terminated silicon(111) under low-temperature conditions

• Yit Lung Khung,
• Siti Hawa Ngalim,
• Andrea Scaccabarozzi and
• Dario Narducci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 19–26, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.3

• facilitating the grafting reaction of the molecule through the alkyne end, in turn, forming a stable Si-C linkage. On the other hand, a trifluoroalkyne was also selected to demonstrate the viability of the hydrogen abstraction model by observing the nature of the linkage formed considering that this molecule

• surface via a nucleophilic route from the hydrogen-terminated surface during low-temperature hydrosilylation. It is envisaged that at low temperatures (<150 °C), the Si–C bonds at the surface are not cleaved to form radicals. Thus, in order for surface grafting to form Si–C linkages, it is necessary for

• the hydrogen to be abstracted from the surface via oxygen species present in solution (Figure 1). In our deliberate thermal setup, there is also the possibility of grafting via Si–O–C linkages instead of the nominal Si–C linkages typically associated with thermal hydrosilylation. However, we envisage

Poly(styrene)/oligo(fluorene)-intercalated fluoromica hybrids: synthesis, characterization and self-assembly

• Giuseppe Leone,
• Francesco Galeotti,
• William Porzio,
• Guido Scavia,
• Luisa Barba,
• Gianmichele Arrighetti,
• Giovanni Ricci,
• Chiara Botta and
• Umberto Giovanella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2450–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.254

• ) expandable interlayer space. The combination of these features permits the easy tuning of the interaction between the emitting centers by surface chemistry (i.e., ion-exchange and grafting reactions), and a sandwich-type intercalation. In particular, the intercalation of functional molecular species within

Nanoparticle interactions with live cells: Quantitative fluorescence microscopy of nanoparticle size effects

• Li Shang,
• Karin Nienhaus,
• Xiue Jiang,
• Linxiao Yang,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder,
• Thomas Simmet and
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2388–2397, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.248

• ) with receptor targets anchored in the cell membrane (Figure 5). The number of available ligands depends on the ligand grafting density on the NP but also on the NP curvature. Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a complicated process that can be facilitated by a variety of proteins such as clathrin or

Inorganic Janus particles for biomedical applications

• Isabel Schick,
• Steffen Lorenz,
• Dominik Gehrig,
• Stefan Tenzer,
• Wiebke Storck,
• Karl Fischer,
• Dennis Strand,
• Frédéric Laquai and
• Wolfgang Tremel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2346–2362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.244

• exchange and covalent grafting of catechol ligands. Up to now, large technical applications of Janus particles are restricted by the lack of accessibility. Therefore, polymer-modified kaolinite provides the enormous advantage as an abundant, ubiquitous, and inexpensive mineral, which can be used as

Anticancer efficacy of a supramolecular complex of a 2-diethylaminoethyl–dextran–MMA graft copolymer and paclitaxel used as an artificial enzyme

• Yasuhiko Onishi,
• Yuki Eshita,
• Rui-Cheng Ji,
• Masayasu Onishi,
• Takashi Kobayashi,
• Masaaki Mizuno,
• Jun Yoshida and
• Naoji Kubota

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2293–2307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.238

• through grafting MMA onto DEAE–dextran as the backbone polymer by using a tetravalent ceric salt [14]. It generates a polymer micelle that forms a microphase-separated structure with a hydrophilic domain for the DEAE–dextran part and a hydrophobic domain for the graft polymer PMMA. When the transfection

• rate of DEAE–dextran (grafting rate 0%) and DDMC was compared by using a reporter gene (β-galactosidase) in HEK293 cells (Figure 1a), DDMC (grafting rate 130%) exhibited a remarkable increase in the transfection rate [15]. The stabilization effect of DDMC can be understood with respect to the

• nano-level. Infrared absorption spectrum of the supramolecular DDMC/PTX complex The infrared absorption spectra of DDMC (grafting rate: 102%), DDMC/PTX complexes, and PTX in the range of 3200–3700 cm−1 are shown in Figure 3a. The large and broad absorption due to the stretching vibration of N–H, O–H

Influence of the supramolecular architecture on the magnetic properties of a Dy^III single-molecule magnet: an ab initio investigation

• Julie Jung,
• Olivier Cador,
• Kevin Bernot,
• Fabrice Pointillart,
• Javier Luzon and
• Boris Le Guennic

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2267–2274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.236

• well-known architecture [23][24] that can be optimized for grafting [25][26] the magnetic properties of the molecular object can be kept at the surface [27][28]. This is a tremendous breakthrough in magnetic molecular science that opens the way to molecular surface magnetometry [29]. However, in a

• “core-shell” picture, where the core is the magnetic ion and the shell its organic surrounding, shell deformation upon grafting can drastically impact the properties of the molecule. A good example is Tb-phthalocyanine molecule, which is one of the most efficient SMM [30]. Depending on the surface and

• the grafting or deposition mode [25][31][32][33], it can show erratic hysteresis and even some depth- dependence of the magnetic behavior when multilayers are considered [34]. In order to overcome these drawbacks and to understand their origin, many studies have been undertaken on single-crystals to

Hybrid spin-crossover nanostructures

• Carlos M. Quintero,
• Gautier Félix,
• Iurii Suleimanov,
• José Sánchez Costa,
• Gábor Molnár,
• Lionel Salmon,
• William Nicolazzi and
• Azzedine Bousseksou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2230–2239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.232

• polymer [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)](BF4) (Htrz = 1,2,4-triazole and trz = 1,2,4-triazolato), known to show a memory effect above room temperature [22], and SiO2 shell grown around it. The use of silica is of great interest because of its high porosity and the possibility of grafting other functionalities onto its

• from magnetic studies. Consequently, the authors affirm that the grafting process did not significantly affect either the morphology or the magnetic properties of the NPs. In this system, the luminescent signal from the dansyl is quenched by the Fe(II) low-spin state (LS) centers of the coordination