Multilayered hyperbolic Au/TiO₂ nanostructures for enhancing the nonlinear response around the epsilon-near-zero point

• Fernando Arturo Araiza-Sixtos,
• Mauricio Gomez-Robles,
• Rafael Salas-Montiel and
• Raúl Rangel-Rojo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 251–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.17

• electronic and thermal contributions to the response as explained in [24]. We present results that enabled us to determine the thermal nonlinear response due to intrapulse heating. Design and Fabrication of Nanostructured Metal–Dielectric HMM For a multilayer system with layer widths of 10–100 nm, we can

• reduce the thermal load to the sample due to intrapulse heating whilst keeping the peak irradiance constant to still be able to excite the electronic contribution of the nonlinear response. In this way, the thermal effect will change with the chopper frequency, while the electronic contribution, function

Gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a highly effective catalyst for the selective α,β-dehydrogenation of N-alkyl-4-piperidones

• Brenda Flore Kenyim,
• Mihir Tzalis,
• Marilyn Kaul,
• Robert Oestreich,
• Aysenur Limon,
• Chancellin Pecheu Nkepdep and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 218–238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.15

Structure-dependent thermochromism of PAZO thin films: theory and experiment

• Georgi Mateev,
• Dean Dimov,
• Nataliya Berberova-Buhova,
• Nikoleta Kircheva,
• Todor Dudev,
• Ludmila Nikolova,
• Elena Stoykova,
• Keehoon Hong,
• Dimana Nazarova,
• Silvia Angelova and
• Lian Nedelchev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 186–199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.12

• spectra for PAZO thin films at different temperatures were recorded upon heating as the temperature of the sample heater was gradually increased from room temperature (r.t.) to 300 °C (Figure 2A) at a rate of 5 °C/min and (Figure 2B) at a rate of 1 °C/min. The absorbance in the 450–550 nm region gradually

• , there is still no significant change in the spectrum compared to that at room temperature. After heating above 84 °C the spectrum starts to change with the band around 450–550 nm increasing until a critical temperature (≈230 °C) is reached, after which further heating no longer increases the absorption

• be a new phase of PAZO transformation. Finally, the last three spectra in Figure 2B show how after reaching the maximum heating temperature of 300 °C and subsequent cooling to r.t., the spectrum remains relatively unchanged for a short time. It should be noted that the polymer retains its ability to

From shield to spear: Charge-reversible nanocarriers in overcoming cancer therapy barriers

• Madhuri Yeduvaka,
• Pooja Mittal,
• Ameer Boyalakuntla,
• Usman Bee Shaik,
• Himanshu Sharma,
• Thakur Gurjeet Singh,
• Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula and
• Lakshmi Vineela Nalla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 159–175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.10

• processes, other stimuli, such as enzymatic cleavage, redox reactions, or magnetic heating induce irreversible charge changes since they involve permanent chemical or structural modifications to the nanocarrier surface. 2.2 Enzyme-responsive nanocarriers Enzymes are essential components that manage cellular

• ., DOX, geldanamycin) under alternating magnetic fields while preserving systemic safety [65]. Core–shell magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@P(MEO2MA60-OEGMA40)) combine magnetic hyperthermia with controlled doxorubicin release, achieving localized heating (≈42 °C) under an alternating magnetic field to

Influence of surface characteristics on the in vitro stability and cell uptake of nanoliposomes for brain delivery

• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Andreas Zimmer,
• Otmar Geiss,
• Sabrina Gioria,
• Diletta Scaccabarozzi and
• Marija Glavas Dodov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 139–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.9

• incubation (37 °C, 5% CO2), the cells were washed twice with PBS, followed by subsequent fluorescence microscopy analysis at 37 °C (Zeiss Axio Observer Z1 inverted microscope, Zeiss, Jena, Germany), equipped with an epifluorescence illuminator and a plate heating chamber. The resulting images were processed

Reduced graphene oxide paper electrode for lithium-ion cells – towards optimized thermal reduction

• Agata Pawłowska,
• Magdalena Baran,
• Stefan Marynowicz,
• Aleksandra Izabela Banasiak,
• Adrian Racki,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Tymoteusz Ciuk,
• Marta Wolczko and
• Andrzej Budziak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 24–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.3

• applied for thermogravimetric analysis. The measurement was performed in an inert gas flow. The heating rate in this experiment was set to 3 °C/min with a final temperature of 800 °C. The sample was cut to fit the platinum pan. Elemental combustion analysis A LECO O836 analyzer was utilized to determine

• postulate that the gas release was rather a continuous phenomenon, driven by the heating process. The exposition of the flake edges and paths resulting from the removal of the gaseous products can be beneficial regarding the electrode design for cells operating liquid or gel electrolytes, ensuring improved

Improving magnetic properties of Mn- and Zn-doped core–shell iron oxide nanoparticles by tuning their size

• Dounia Louaguef,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Sébastien Diliberto,
• Klaus M. Seemann,
• Thomas Gries,
• Joelle Bizeau,
• Damien Mertz,
• Eric Gaffet and
• Halima Alem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2285–2295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.157

• values of Zn0.4Fe2.6O4@MnFe2O4 NPs are presented as a function of their size (10, 15, 22, and 50 nm; Figure 6a). Additionally, the heating curves of 50 nm Zn0.4Fe2.6O4@MnFe2O4 NPs are shown as a function of time under alternating magnetic fields of 536.5 kHz/300 G and 796 kHz/200 G (Figure 6b). The

• , biocompatible ferrite nanoparticles and are higher than those reported in previous studies involving similar core–shell systems [16]. The corresponding heating curves (Figure 6b) show temperature increases of 6.5 and 9.6 °C after 60 s, confirming the efficiency of these nanoparticles for hyperthermia

• to note, however, that magnetic anisotropy alone does not guarantee enhanced heating efficiency. As highlighted by Dirba et al., there exists an optimal range of magnetic anisotropy for effective energy dissipation in alternating magnetic fields [22]. Excessively high anisotropy may hinder relaxation

Chiral plasmonic nanostructures fabricated with circularly polarized light

• Tian Qiao and
• Ming Lee Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2245–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.154

• photocatalysis with PNS, namely, local EM field enhancement, localized hot carrier generation, and local heating (Figure 2) [79][80][81][82]. Any of these factors can alter the landscape of a chemical reaction that might otherwise be insurmountable due to thermodynamic or kinetic barriers. The local EM field can

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• using a simultaneous thermal analysis (STA 449 F3 Jupiter®, NETZSCH – Selb, Germany). Samples were weighed in alumina crucibles and analyzed with a heating rate of 10 °C·min−1, under nitrogen flow of 10 mL·min−1, over a temperature range of 25 °C to 900 °C. Microemulsion systems were analyzed under the

Calibration of piezo actuators and systems by dynamic interferometry

• Knarik Khachatryan and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2086–2091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.143

• calibration factor differs from the nominal value by more than a factor of two might be due to the manufacturing tolerance; but, more likely, it can be explained by a depolarization of the tube piezo material as it has been subject to many heating cycles for bakeout of the UHV chamber. Next, we investigate

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• on the thermal and crystallinity properties of the nanofibers through the values of Tg, Tcc, Tm, ΔHm, ΔHcc, and Xc%. The DSC analysis provided heating curves and thermal transitions for the first and second heating cycles of the nanofibers. The first heating cycle offers insights into the polymers

• after processing by electrospinning, while the second heating cycle reveals characteristics of the material before processing. The values for each thermal event are presented in Table 1 (first heating) and Table 2 (second heating). All fibers exhibited a typical semicrystalline polymer profile

• samples exhibited thermal behavior similar to that of monolithic PLA nanofibers. In the first heating cycle (Figure 8C), all three samples displayed an exothermic peak between 72–77 °C, corresponding to the cold crystallization temperature (Tcc), which indicates the crystallization of chains that were not

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• (nanosecond), this interaction should be taken into account, resulting in the ionization and heating of the ejected material. The initial stages of interaction of a laser beam with a solid target are strongly dependent on laser pulse duration and fluence, surrounding liquid, target morphology and composition

• sufficient time for thermal processes of heating and melting to occur (Figure 7a,f). These mild conditions favour the heating and melting of NPs instead of their fragmentation, which is required for targeted shape change. The laser parameters required to melt the particles by laser pulses can be determined

Quantum circuits with SINIS structures

• Mikhail Tarasov,
• Mikhail Fominskii,
• Aleksandra Gunbina,
• Artem Krasilnikov,
• Maria Mansfeld,
• Dmitrii Kukushkin,
• Andrei Maruhno,
• Valeria Ievleva,
• Mikhail Strelkov,
• Daniil Zhogov,
• Konstantin Arutyunov,
• Vyacheslav Vdovin,
• Vladislav Stolyarov and
• Valerian Edelman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1931–1941, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.134

• electrical response to thermal heating of the absorber by direct current, for example, in [12][14][33][34][35]. But in practice, the electrical response to heating by direct current is always significantly higher than the optical response for microwave, terahertz, or IR radiation. This is explained by the

• fact that, in the case of heating the absorber by direct current, the electron temperature of all conduction electrons increases. In the equilibrium state, the electron temperature is determined by the incoming power and the electron–phonon interaction. However, in cases of absorption of a photon with

• commonly used structures, this time is of the order of tens of nanoseconds. Typical relaxation times are given in [37][38]. To calculate the sensitivity in the case of heating the absorber with direct current or at low frequencies, the heat balance equation is applicable [12][14]: where Psig is the signal

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• γ-muurolene [112]. The oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and incorporated into the nanoemulsion using a low-energy method, without heating and without solvents, using polysorbate 80 as the surfactant. The nanoemulsion had an average droplet size of 176.0 nm (±12.3) and a polydispersity index of

Low-temperature AFM with a microwave cavity optomechanical transducer

• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• August K. Roos,
• Erik Holmgren,
• Riccardo Borgani,
• Mats O. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.130

• increasing Pin. In practice, nonlinear effects emerge at large nc, such as heating (nonlinear loss) and resonance-frequency shift (Kerr nonlinearity), which cause the linear response picture of cavity optomechanics to break down. Detection noise in the cavity optomechanical scheme is determined by quantum

• driving the coarse z-positioner with the Attocube ANC-300 control unit that provides the 60 V saw-tooth pulses to the piezo actuators. The stick–slip motion of the actuator under high-voltage saw-tooth pulses (≈50 nm/step) produces significant heating at the 10 mK stage. Under continuous operation, the

• heating power is of the order of 1 µW for an approach speed of 1 µm/min. This temperature change during coarse approach causes drift in the cantilever’s resonance frequency, requiring a couple of minutes to restore a stable configuration. Therefore, during coarse approach we monitor only the microwave

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• . We highlighted that 68.80% (n = 51) of the studies describing nanoparticle synthesis methods employed stirring. Other reported methods included heating (27.30%; n = 21) and cooling (3.90%; n = 3). Stirring is a widely used method in the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles because it plays a

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• between the drug and phospholipids, affecting stability [52][54]. Moreover, heating linseed oil to the formulation temperature of 75 °C offers specific advantages, such as enhanced phase interaction and improved solubilization potential for hydrophobic drugs, without compromising its chemical integrity or

• Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses of LO (20.5 mg) were performed using a Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer (STA) 449 F3 Jupiter (NETZSCH, Germany). The samples were scanned from 25 to 700 °C at a heating rate of 10 K·min−1 under a nitrogen (N2) atmosphere with a flow rate of 50

• quantification of fatty acids (FAs) in linseed oil (LO) are presented in Table 1. Linolenic acid is the most abundant, constituting 46.7%, followed by oleic acid (17.7%), linoleic acid (14.5%), behenic acid (7.4%), erucic acid (5.6%), palmitic acid (5.0%), and stearic acid (3.3%). Heating LO to 75 °C did not

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• reaction cell was designed to replicate commercial ALD conditions, including independent pulsing of precursor gases, laminar flow across the sample, and substrate heating. The setup allows for independent control of precursor and co-reactant exposure and supports a variety of chemistries [60]. ALD is a key

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• ., inversely graded metamaterial, Figure 2I). Glass fiber content analysis X-ray microtomographic (μCT) scans were used to determine the glass fiber content along a linearly graded specimen with rectilinear interfaces and to estimate the heating effects of laser cutting at the specimen edges. Sections of about

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• of as-precipitated nanowires in air at a heating rate of 10 K·min−1 from room temperature to 500 °C. The static water contact angles were measured using a goniometer (OCA 11, DataPhysics Instruments GmbH, Filderstadt, Germany) following the standard sessile drop method. The measurements were

Nanomaterials for biomedical applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Filippo Pierini,
• Seda Kizilel and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1499–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.105

• photothermal therapy (PTT), in which heating special nanoparticles with light helps kill damaged cells, most notably cancerous cells. Most doctors are using this technique since it treats tumors more precisely and in a less invasive way than standard chemotherapy and radiation [32]. Gold and silver metallic

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• significance of photon-assisted transitions in fragmentation processes, particularly when interacting with the second and third harmonics of a picosecond Nd:YAG laser. Although the temperature of the Au NPs exceeded the evaporation threshold, the results suggest that heating alone was not the primary cause of

• exposing colloidal NPs dispersed in a liquid medium to pulsed laser irradiation. This technique is known as pulsed laser melting in liquids (PLML) [6][41][42]. PLML involves heating and melting of raw NPs with unfocused laser pulses, leading to their aggregation and the formation of submicrometer spherical

• proportional to the total energy input by the laser [54]. Using picosecond laser irradiation at a low fluence is an energy-efficient method for synthesizing SMSPs by PLML compared to nanosecond laser irradiation [55]. If the thermal diffusion length in particles during ultrafast laser heating is smaller than

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• modifiers, magnetic-derived amphoteric metals and cooperative microbes [31][32][33][34]. Traditional biochar synthesis aims to optimize specific surface area and structural stability by controlling reaction time, heating rate and reactor temperature [35]. For example, biochar produced from oilseed rape

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• Figure 6, two BriskHeat heating tapes were used for the sublimation part (170 °C) and the valve (295 °C). A Thermcraft tube furnace was used for the pyrolysis part (690 °C), and the polymerization (deposition) chamber was an Edwards FL20K foreline trap. A BVV cold trap was used to catch uncoated parylene

• vertical) in this deposition chamber with Kapton tape. 0.5 g of parylene-C powder was placed in a ceramic boat (7 cm × 1.5 cm × 1 cm), which was used in the deposition process. The system was first evacuated to a pressure below 1.33 Pa. Next, the valve heating tape and tube furnace were activated. Once the

• furnace reached 690 °C (which took approximately 10 min), the sublimation heating tape was turned on. It typically took around 5 min for the sublimation to stabilize. The pressure was monitored to estimate the thickness, and the pyrolysis time was adjusted based on the pressure and the desired coating