A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• modifications. Glucose (2 g) was dissolved in 20 mL DI water and filtered for the removal of undissolved particles through Whatman filter paper. In the above solution, 20 mL of conc. H2SO4 was added dropwise until it turned brownish under constant stirring. The hydrothermal treatment was conducted by heating

The microstrain-accompanied structural phase transition from h-MoO₃ to α-MoO₃ investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction

• Zeqian Zhang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Minting Luo and
• Zhenfei Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.55

• α-MoO3 To observe the crystal structure evolution of h-MoO3 induced by temperature, a thoroughly powdered sample was used to perform in situ X-ray diffraction measurements during heating from 30 to 450 °C, as shown in Figure 1a. At 30 °C, all diffraction peaks can be well indexed to the hexagonal

• is also reflected by the relaxation of the Mo–O3 bond from a short bond (1.813 Å at 360 °C) to a normal value (1.967 Å at 400 °C). Based on the above analysis, we obtain the structural evolution of the h-MoO3→α-MoO3 phase transition, as illustrated in Figure 6. Heating the h-MoO3 phase causes not

• 10 °·min−1, and the heating rate was 10 K·min−1. After reaching the target temperature, it was held for 5 min before collecting data. X-ray diffraction of the calcinated samples To solve and refine the crystal structure of the samples before and after the phase transition, samples calcinated at 375

Investigations on the optical forces from three mainstream optical resonances in all-dielectric nanostructure arrays

• Guangdong Wang and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 674–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.53

• manipulation of nanoparticles by optical forces. It is important to use low-power lasers to achieve efficient trapping and avoid any harmful heating effects. Keywords: all-dielectric nanostructures; anapole; optical force; quasi-bound states in the continuum; toroidal dipole; Introduction Optical forces have

• to effectively capture subwavelength nanoparticles by overcoming the diffraction limit [4], which has aroused broad research interest. However, due to the high loss of metals, the Joule heating effect caused by the absorption of light leads to increasing temperatures of plasmonic nanotweezers, and

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

SERS performance of GaN/Ag substrates fabricated by Ag coating of GaN platforms

• Magdalena A. Zając,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Łukasz Gutowski,
• Jan L. Weyher and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 552–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.46

• properties. In the case of the PLD-fabricated SERS substrates, we also investigated the effect of heating the GaN platform during deposition. Ag layers of comparable thicknesses deposited on nanostructured GaN platforms using PLD and MS had different morphologies, particularly evident in the area surrounding

• the pillars. While for MS-fabricated substrates, the area surrounding the pillars consisted of rounded Ag structures, in the case of PLD-fabricated substrates, pillars are surrounded by spiky Ag structures. Heating of the GaN platform during PLD fabrication of Ag layers significantly influences the

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• , fresh yeast). All employed materials and equipment have been sterilized by heating to 120 °C for 25 min and subsequent cool down to room temperature within the autoclave chamber. All culture handling operations have been performed within a sterile laminar flow hood, which before and after its usage had

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• nonradiative relaxation of excited electrons to the ground state. Depending on the interaction mechanism, photothermal phenomena are classified into three categories, namely plasmonic local heating of metals, nonradiative relaxation of semiconductors, and thermal vibration relaxation of conjugated molecules

• either undergo radiative relaxation in the form of photons or nonradiative relaxation in the form of phonons (heat) to release and transfer energy to impurities/defects or dangling bonds on the material surface. When energy is released in the form of phonons, local heating of the lattice is induced

• evaporation efficiency To achieve the maximum vaporization efficiency, the heat generated by the solar absorber must be fully utilized to vaporize water. However, under actual conditions, the bulk heating of water consumes heat and causes losses to the environment through conduction, convection, and radiation

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• pondered on in the final section of the article, taking into account the specific requirements from different applications. Keywords: nanoparticle heating; phonons; photothermal; plasmonic; stability; surface plasmon resonance; Review 1 Introduction With an ever-increasing demand for energy and the

• cause little damage to adjacent healthy tissues due to extremely localized heating [3]. Generally, the reduction of material dimensions to the nanoscale, such as in graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNT) and polymers, leads to an enhancement of the PT effect due to factors such as improved thermal

• conductivity, tunability of materials for realizing broadband energy absorption, appearance of new mechanisms of photon absorption, and improved prospects of preserving material properties [4][5][6]. Nanoparticle heating can result also due to the conversion of optical absorption by plasmons into heat. This

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• ., ultrasound, light, radiofrequency, microwave, and magnetic field energy) into heat and increase the temperature in tumor tissues [93][94]. Cancer cells are more sensitive to heating than normal cells. As a result, apoptosis of cancer cells is greater than that of normal tissue when heated above 40 °C [79][95

• oxidation, which leads to a decrease in heating efficiency [100]. In addition, magnetic NPs are usually recognized and cleared from the body, which prevents them from reaching their target [101]. Biomimetic cancer cell membrane technology can enhance the performance of magnetic iron oxide NPs (e.g., prevent

• by enhancing proton relaxation in tissues [120]. Among them, superparamagnetic iron oxides (SPIONs) are widely used with numerous advantages, such as small size, colloidal stability, low toxicity, magnetic heating properties, and enhanced molecular MRI [121]. However, SPIONs cannot be effectively

Spin dynamics in superconductor/ferromagnetic insulator hybrid structures with precessing magnetization

• Yaroslav V. Turkin and
• Nataliya Pugach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 233–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.22

• most preferable way to inject spin currents because of the absence of Joule heating. Moreover, proximity coupling between magnetic excitations plays a crucial role in ferromagnetic Josephson junctions [9][10][11][12] and mesoscopic structures [13]. Recent experimental research [5][8][14] shows that the

Concentration-dependent photothermal conversion efficiency of gold nanoparticles under near-infrared laser and broadband irradiation

• Vikas,
• Raj Kumar and
• Sanjeev Soni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 205–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.20

• temporal change in the temperature of deionized (DI) water when the NIR broadband and laser irradiation was on (heating) and off (cooling) over a period of 1800 s is shown in Figure S2 (Supporting Information File 1). The concentration-dependent temperature of the GNP suspensions measured over a period of

• is no change in the optical absorption of the nanoparticles and that they are stable. Photothermal conversion efficiency of GNPs The photothermal conversion efficiency (η) of the GNPs was evaluated based on the obtained heating and cooling temperature profiles. The measured temperature profiles for

• variation of the suspension temperature (heating and cooling) for different nanoparticle concentrations of (a) 40 nm GNSs, (b) 25 × 47 nm GNRs, (c) 10 × 38 nm GNRs, and (d) 10 × 41 nm GNRs under NIR broadband irradiation and (e) 40 nm GNSs, (f) 25 × 47 nm GNRs, (g) 10 × 38 nm GNRs, and (h) 10 × 41 nm GNRs

A distributed active patch antenna model of a Josephson oscillator

• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 151–164, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.16

• the optimal net power level ≈I2Rn of several milliwatts [24][27]. It is small enough for obviation of catastrophic self-heating, which is one of the major limiting factors for superconducting devices [17][27]. Simultaneously, it is large enough to enable emission above 1 mW, provided the radiation

Formation of nanoflowers: Au and Ni silicide cores surrounded by SiO_x branches

• Feitao Li,
• Siyao Wan,
• Dong Wang and
• Peter Schaaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 133–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.14

• also been obtained by depositing Au thin films on Si substrates with a thick silicon dioxide (SiO2) layer and subsequent rapid heating in reducing atmosphere. Here, the Si vapor source is silicon monoxide (SiO) gas produced by the decomposition of the SiO2 layer or the active oxidation of the Si

Intermodal coupling spectroscopy of mechanical modes in microcantilevers

• Ioan Ignat,
• Bernhard Schuster,
• Jonas Hafner,
• MinHee Kwon,
• Daniel Platz and
• Ulrich Schmid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 123–132, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.13

• , where tip–surface forces would cause frequency shifts. We stabilise for any heating effect caused by the high-voltage pump applied to the piezoshaker by adding a temperature stabilisation tone with an offset of around 3 kHz, or more if the linewidth of the sense mode becomes comparable. This second pump

• very similar heating effect as the red sideband pump. Keeping the sum of the voltages applied to the piezoshaker constant, will ensure that the heating power introduced in the system does not change when increasing the pump amplitude. Note that the amount of heating depends on both the piezoshaker used

• shifts occur during the pump application and the aforementioned equation applies. The piezoshaker has a different heating response with respect to the signal frequency. Equation 4 requires an anti-Stokes pump with a perfectly tuned frequency. Bringing everything in frame, there are more points that have

Characterisation of a micrometer-scale active plasmonic element by means of complementary computational and experimental methods

• Ciarán Barron,
• Giulia Di Fazio,
• Samuel Kenny,
• Silas O’Toole,
• Robin O’Reilly and
• Dominic Zerulla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 110–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.12

• changes in the far-field reflectivity resulting from Joule heating. A clear modulation of the materials’ optical constants can be inferred from the changed reflectivity, which is highly sensitive and dependent on the input current. The changed electrical permittivity of the active element is due to Joule

• heating. Second, the resulting expansion of the metallic element is measured using scanning Joule expansion microscopy. The localised temperature distribution, and hence information about the localisation of the modulation of the optical constants of the system, can be extracted using this technique. Both

• understood that heating affects the electrical permittivity of metals [25][26][27][28] and dielectrics [29][30]. This, in conjunction with Joule heating, is used to generate the desired effects. The active plasmonic element proposed (Figure 1) consists of a nano- or mesoscale constriction in a 48 nm thick

The influence of structure and local structural defects on the magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 23–33, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.3

• in [33]. In the considered material, the thermodynamic first-order phase transition is observed near room temperature. Heating the material above the transition temperature changes its magnetic behavior from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic and is accompanied by a significant change in the crystal

Two-step single-reactor synthesis of oleic acid- or undecylenic acid-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles by thermal decomposition

• Mykhailo Nahorniak,
• Pamela Pasetto,
• Jean-Marc Greneche,
• Volodymyr Samaryk,
• Sandy Auguste,
• Anthony Rousseau,
• Nataliya Nosova and
• Serhii Varvarenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 11–22, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.2

• a temperature range of 25–900 °С (heating rate of 10 °C/min, N2 flux 80 mL/min). Before the TGA measurements, the nanoparticles were dried under vacuum at 50 °C. The average particle size was processed using the ImageJ software. The thickness of the organic shell of the stabilizer on the particle

• 100–400 °C was used for heating. Fe(ІII) acetylacetonate (3 g, 8.49 mmol) was dissolved into the solvent of choice (30 mL; diphenyl, 1-octadecene, or paraffin). Different molar ratios of carboxylic acid (OA or UA) to Fe(III) acetylacetonate (in the ratio from 1:3.05 to 1:5.8) were used. The solution

Observation of collective excitation of surface plasmon resonances in large Josephson junction arrays

• Roger Cattaneo,
• Mikhail A. Galin and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1578–1588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.132

• ][15][16][17][18]. The performance of Josephson oscillators is limited by impedance mismatch [18][19] and self-heating [13][17][20][21]. Proper device engineering can obviate these obstacles and improve the performance [18]. A single JJ is able to emit EMWs, but with a low power [22]. Therefore

Utilizing the surface potential of a solid electrolyte region as the potential reference in Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Nobuyuki Ishida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1558–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.129

• approximately 10 mm × 20 mm, and ultrasonically cleaned in ethanol. Subsequently, a 30 nm thick Au electrode was deposited by resistance-heating evaporation using a crucible in a vacuum chamber. A polyurethane-coated Cu wire (25 μm diameter) was used as a mask to pattern the electrode shapes, as shown in Figure

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• thermal analyzer, with a heating rate of 20 °C/min, under a nitrogen atmosphere, and a temperature range of 30–800 °C. To carry out XRD, EDX, FTIR, and TGA analyses, the pineapple peel extract and the reaction products were previously dried at 110 °C for 24 h. Cell culture In a similar manner to [51], the

Hydroxyapatite–bioglass nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, and biological aspects

• Olga Shikimaka,
• Mihaela Bivol,
• Bogdan A. Sava,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Christu Tardei,
• Beatrice G. Sbarcea,
• Daria Grabco,
• Constantin Pyrtsac,
• Daria Topal,
• Andrian Prisacaru,
• Vitalie Cobzac and
• Viorel Nacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1490–1504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.123

• glass preparation comprised the following steps: (i) Preparation of raw materials, that is, the reagents were introduced in H3PO4 solution under continuous stirring. (ii) Drying of the mixture on an electrical heating plate at 130–140 °C. (iii) Thermal treatment of mixture, that is, the dried mixture

• was heated up to 240 °C in an electrical oven, than introduced in an alumina crucible and heated in an electric furnace in two steps, namely a pre-melting step at low heating rate of about 50 °C/h from 240 up to 800 °C, followed by a melting step, at a higher heating rate of 250 °C/h, up to the

Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO₂ obtained by combustion synthesis

• Monika Michalska,
• Paweł Ławniczak,
• Tomasz Strachowski,
• Adam Ostrowski and
• Waldemar Bednarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1473–1482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.121

• combustion solution synthesis (CSS) to obtain a single-phase nanocrystalline lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2, LCO) with layered structure. We investigated the relationships between the heating temperature and (i) structural parameters (crystallite sizes, lattice parameters, and volume cells) by using XRD

• °C for 5 h in air. The heating rate was 5 °C/min. The synthesis flowchart is presented in Figure 1. Characterization of LiCoO2 powders XRD analysis XRD analysis was performed on a Rigaku Smartlab 3 kW diffractometer equipped with a vertical goniometer. The diffractometer had a Bragg–Brentano θ/2θ

• ), respectively. Phase impurities were not detected by XRD for any of the measured samples. The average size of the crystallites depends on the heating temperature used for the combustion synthesis of powders and lies between 37 and 90 nm (as calculated from the Scherrer formula taking into account instrumental

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• heating above 43 °C could induce apoptosis in cancer cells [30]. AB-LNPs showed excellent photothermal effects and photothermal stability with a temperature increase beyond 58 °C (Figure 2). Both Au- and BDP-grafted on LNPs could absorb light and convert the light energy into heat to achieve synergized

• characterization of AB-LNPs. (a) Size distribution of Au-LNPs and AB-LNPs. Digital photo of AB-LNPs showing distinct Tyndall effects. (b) UV–vis spectra of BDP and AB-LNPs. (c) TEM image of AB-LNPs. Photothermal properties of AB-LNPs. (a) Photothermal heating curves for AB-LNPs at different BDP concentrations with

• laser irradiation for 0–10 min (680 nm, 0.5 W/cm2). (b) Photothermal heating curves for AB-LNPs under 680 nm laser irradiation at different power densities for 0–10 min. (c) Photothermal heating curves of water, Au-LNPs (100 μM), BDP (100 μM), and AB-LNPs after laser irradiation (680 nm, 0.5 W/cm2). (d

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• then applied over the gelatin layer. Initially, a 10 percent (w/v) gelatin dispersion was made by heating 50 mL of ultrapure water on a magnetic stirrer to 60 °C, and then 1 mL of the dispersion was added to each well of the 24-well cell plates. The gelatin layer in the experimental model was cooled to

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• was fixed at 80 wt %. The obtained mixture was placed in a boat-type alumina crucible and subjected to heat treatment in a tube furnace at 900 °C for 3 h with a heating ramp rate of 5 °C/min under nitrogen atmosphere. Finally, the obtained MBN was naturally cooled to room temperature, washed multiple