Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• organic layers. In contrast, VSFG was applied to obtain interface-sensitive information on CH and OH bonds at the AuNP/air interface, under hydration and dehydration. We also used a deuterated water (D2O) atmosphere to distinguish the mannosyl hydroxy groups from adsorbed and absorbed water. Absorption is

• following exposure to D2O. The rationale for using D2O was to differentiate the hydroxy groups of sugar molecules from those associated with adsorbed or absorbed water, based on the known disparity in H–D exchange rates between sugar-bound OH groups and those in pure bulk water [29][30]. In this experiment

• , 30 min of exposure to D2O were insufficient to fully exchange the hydrogen atoms in the dimannose hydroxy groups [31]. However, given the large excess of D2O, it is expected to displace the thin layers of adsorbed water. As shown in Figure 5B, this expectation is confirmed: The CH region remains

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• 80% gene silencing in tumor cells, whereas PEG-LNP control was below 50% [91]. Linear polyglycerol (lPG) features a polyether backbone with hydroxy groups that reduce hydrophobic interactions and antibody binding. It was evaluated by replacing DMG-PEG2k in mRNA-loaded LNP formulations [92]. In a

Piezoelectricity of layered double hydroxides: perspectives regarding piezocatalysis and nanogenerators

• Evgeniy S. Seliverstov,
• Evgeniya A. Tarasenko and
• Olga E. Lebedeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1812–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.124

• piezoelectric performance of such promising materials for energy harvesting as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) through strong hydrogen bonding between the hydroxy groups of LDHs and the electronegative fluorine atoms of PVDF [11]. In the work of Shetty et al., incorporation of a low content of sodium

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• structure of graphene oxide where carbon atoms form the basic lattice, while oxygen is present in the form of epoxy and hydroxy groups [23]. The C=O bonds (9.42%) represent carbonyl groups, while C=C bonds (14.68%) indicate the presence of residual conjugated sp2-hybridized regions, which are characteristic

Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

• surface [48], but can still bind through its carboxylate group. To rule out the possibility of cross-reactivity with quinones, in the case of 3,4-DHBA, we incorporate a set of controls using 3,5-DHBA ligands (Figure 1b), which cannot form stable quinones due to their meta hydroxy groups [56]. Few studies

• the surface SH content, thereby increasing the Cy3-maleimide loading significantly. This further indicates that DTT is not coordinated to the IONP surface through both of its thiol groups, but rather, binds through either the hydroxy groups, or a single SH group, leaving the other SH free to react

• . Our previous study on buffer interactions with IONPs [67] demonstrated that the buffer Tris, whose structure is analogous to THPP, showed significant binding to the IONP surface, likely through its hydroxy groups. It is clear that the addition of a disulfide cleavage step is not feasible by any

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• clear, indicating the formation of [Ag(NH3)2]OH. Grafting of nano Ag onto PCTA membrane The PCTA membrane was immersed in an [Ag(NH3)2]OH solution and underwent static reaction for 8 h. During this process, the phenolic hydroxy groups in PDA facilitated the reduction of Ag(NH3)2+ particles, resulting in

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• chemical and structural stability of the electrode during long-term PEC operation. The O 1s spectrum (Figure 7c) was deconvoluted into two main peaks: the dominant peak at 530.1 eV is attributed to lattice oxygen (O2−), while the broader shoulder around 531.8 eV corresponds to surface hydroxy groups and

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• matrix properties, including tensile strength, elasticity, and thermal stability, due to its high surface area, hydroxy groups forming hydrogen bonds, and excellent dispersion within the matrix [20][21]. This improvement is attributed to interaction between hydroxy groups in NC and PVA, effectively

• %): This can be due to the presence of hydroxy groups in PVA, which can disrupt hydrogen bonds and dissolve the peptidoglycan membranes of the bacteria [51]. CBP showed a drastic time-kill effect of more than 90% for both types of bacteria, attributed to the potent antibacterial functional groups in CEO

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• have dissociation constants pK = 4.3, 6.6, and 9.8 [31]. It can be considered that Cs adsorbs on the oxygen functional groups through a mechanism of ion exchange. This process involves the substitution of H atoms from oxygen functional groups, such as carboxyl and hydroxy groups, with Cs atoms. It can

• obtained by oxidizing monolayer graphene grown by metal-free chemical vapor deposition on the α-Al2O3(0001) surface, and the adsorption state was determined by surface analytical techniques. It was clarified that Cs adsorbs on oxygen functional groups by substituting with H atoms from carboxyl and hydroxy

• groups. It is also estimated that the weight adsorption capacity of SLGO in the 1.0 mol/L-Cs aqueous solution is as much as approximately 70 wt %. It has been demonstrated that GO has great potential to be a promising adsorbent for Cs in aqueous solutions. Keywords: cesium adsorption; chemical vapor

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• . For instance, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), an anionic derivative of cellulose, is a linear polysaccharide consisting of anhydroglucose units linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. The key distinction between CMC and cellulose is that some hydroxy groups in cellulose are replaced by carboxymethyl

• + ions and TC for adsorption sites, along with the ionization of hydroxy groups and the subsequent formation of hydrogen bonds with TC molecules, results in a rapid increase in adsorption capacity. Beyond pH 7, adsorption capacity decreases sharply as TC transforms into negatively charged anions, causing

• + complex and the negatively charged PGC material drives the adsorption process. Additionally, hydroxy groups may facilitate hydrogen bond formation between PGC and TC (Figure 6c). Furthermore, the aromatic ring of TC contains conjugated double bonds, while the hexagonal network of PGC contains ‒CH groups

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• , characterized by numerous hydroxy groups, is proposed to potentially form non-covalent interactions, such as π–π stacking, with the carbon network and oxygen atoms of graphite [16][20]. This interaction could exfoliate graphite, resulting in a stable colloidal dispersion of functionalized graphene sheets. The

• , rising from 0.17 in graphite to 0.45 in the FLG–TA material. In addition, the high-resolution C 1s and O 1s spectra of the FLG–TA composite show the presence of carbonyl, ether, and hydroxy groups (Figure 2C,D). The percentage of those moieties in the FLG–TA material increases significantly with respect

• capabilities through multiple mechanisms, namely, electron transfer, where hydroxy groups donate electrons to neutralize free radicals, and hydrogen atom transfer, where hydrogen atoms from hydroxy groups are donated to stabilize ROS [17][34]. This retained antioxidant activity could play a crucial role in

Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction

• Rikuto Kuroda,
• Takahiro Nakamura,
• Hideki Ina and
• Shuhei Shibata

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35

• Au nanoparticles by LRL. On the other hand, the synthesis efficiency is even higher with glycerin. While IPA and ethanol are monovalent alcohols with a single hydroxy group, glycerin is a trivalent alcohol with three hydroxy groups. Therefore, we speculate that glycerin was able to more efficiently

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• . This process leads to a decrease in the number of hydroxy groups present on the PVA chain, resulting in the release of water molecules. Simultaneously, the remaining hydroxy groups facilitate the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Additionally, intermolecular hydrogen bonds can form between

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• -G-PEG6000-FA exhibit another novel band at 1728 and 1732 cm−1, respectively, resulting probably from C=O stretching vibrations of the ester RCOOR′ group formed between the carboxyl groups of FA and hydroxy groups of PEG6000. The bands at 1423 cm−1 in the spectrum of MWCNTs-PEG6000-FA and at 1428 cm

Synthesis and the impact of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the viability and activity of rhizobacteria

• Bedah Rupaedah,
• Indrika Novella,
• Atiek Rostika Noviyanti,
• Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy,
• Anna Safarrida,
• Abdul Hapid,
• Zhafira Amila Haqqa,
• Suryana Suryana,
• Irwan Kurnia and
• Fathiyah Inayatirrahmi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 216–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.17

• state. Rhizobacteria demonstrate their ability to create transparent zones on Pikovskaya media because of their capability for phosphate solubilization. These microorganisms produce organic acids, such as citric acid and oxalic acid, which bind to phosphate via hydroxy groups and chelating cations such

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• , even at temperatures above 300 °C, all samples exhibit a small peak in the DTG curves at about 400 °C, which can be attributed either to water molecules trapped in hardly accessible voids or, more probably, to a removal of specific hydroxy groups [34]. Moreover, all samples except Ti-W4h-C show a

• linear mass loss starting from 300 °C that is not reflected by DTG and can be attributed to progressive dehydroxylation (for hydroxy groups with a significant inhomogeneity) [41]. For the sample Ti-W12h-C, this effect is most pronounced and corresponds to about 7.6% of the total mass loss. The total mass

• Δw1′ and the amount of hydroxy groups, Δw2′. This points out to a strong interaction of nanoconfined water with hydroxy groups on the inner surface of mesopores, a part of which formed upon calcination [6]. Moreover, the samples obtained in 70% ethanol solution may exhibit different hydrophilic

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• on materials with surface chemistries with polar functional groups and particularly hydroxy groups. To coat surfaces with a layer of SNFs, samples are immersed in a solution of trichloromethylsilane (TCMS) in toluene, in the presence of trace amounts of water (see Materials Section for details

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

• Elina E. Mansurova,
• Andrey A. Maslennikov,
• Anna P. Lyubina,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
• Polina V. Mikshina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

• resorcinarenes containing carboxylic, imidazole, and hydroxy groups on the upper rim. Similar to the esterase triad, these groups are essential for the hydrolysis of ACh [28]. Throug hydrolysis, ACh dissociates into choline (Ch) and acetic acid (AcOH). The generated AcOH breaks the boronate bonds and

Heterogeneous reactions in a HFCVD reactor: simulation using a 2D model

• Xochitl Aleyda Morán Martínez,
• José Alberto Luna López,
• Zaira Jocelyn Hernández Simón,
• Gabriel Omar Mendoza Conde,
• José Álvaro David Hernández de Luz and
• Godofredo García Salgado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.128

• and surface hydroxy groups, which leads to deposition. They are also responsible for the incorporation of Si–OH bonds into the silicon oxide matrix. The •H and •OH species attack unsaturated surface species with dangling bonds. Oxidation of surface hydrogens is the predominant reaction for O to

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• that the prepared CDs exhibited comparable amounts of the two carbon species [19]. In addition, the surface charge of the CDs was found to be −5.77 mV by zeta potential measurements. This value shows that there are more negatively charged carboxyl and hydroxy groups on the surface of the CDs than

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• processes is missing. Tannic acid (TA) is an environmentally abundant and commercially available polyphenol with relevant industrial and technological applications [17][18][19][20]. TA’s structure comprises five digallic acid units ester-linked to a glucose core. These pyrogallol hydroxy groups participate

• defects, one of the armchair edges presents hydroxy groups and one of the zigzag edges presents a broken epoxy site. Figure 3 presents the dynamics of a representative configuration of TA interacting with GO flake. Comparing the evolution of the TA’s configurations in the different simulations, the

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• powders, leading to a mass loss of roughly 35% for SG and 40% for MW. This process is exothermic and observed around 309 °C. During the third phase, between 350 and 500 °C, structural hydroxy groups are removed, and any remaining organic material is burned off, resulting in a mass loss of approximately 11

• crystallization, consistent with the results from XRD and SEM analyses. Additionally, bands at 3437 and 1613 cm−1 correspond to the vibrational modes of hydroxy groups (OH) bonded to the surface of the ZnO powders. X-ray diffraction The crystalline structure of the samples thermally treated at 500 °C was analyzed

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• modified alginate materials for mucoadhesive drug delivery. Scientists combined the alginate hydroxy groups with maleimid-terminated PEG. This novel mucoadhesive biopolymer exhibited polymer–mucus glycoprotein interactions. The results showed that the new alginate-based mucoadhesive matrix can enhance the

• alginate present, PABA covalently attached to the hydroxy groups of alginates to form a PABA-SA semi-interpenetrating network on which AgNPs were concurrently deposited (Figure 5). As a result, very stable polymer-based AgNPs were formed. The Ag@PABA-SA nanogel was tested as a colorimetric probe for

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• above suspension for 3 min. The resulting mixture was subsequently sonicated for 4 h. Under the effect of TEA, the hydroxy groups on CUR and HPS became activated and replaced the chlorine atoms on HCCP, which led to the coassembly of the coating structure on the surface of Fe3O4 NCs. The generated CUR