Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

• Barbora Svitkova,
• Vlasta Zavisova,
• Veronika Nemethova,
• Martina Koneracka,
• Miroslava Kretova,
• Filip Razga,
• Monika Ursinyova and
• Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

• ; Introduction Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) as chemically inert material have been increasingly employed as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging [1]. The superparamagnetic properties of MNPs make them

Paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators and their applications: a review

• Jing Han,
• Nuo Xu,
• Yuchen Liang,
• Mei Ding,
• Junyi Zhai,
• Qijun Sun and
• Zhong Lin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 151–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.12

• voltage generated by the touch between finger and paper, which effectively triggered the processing circuit to produce an infrared (IR) signal. This remote IR signal could be detected by a wireless receiver and read by a computer. When the document was moved, a voltage output was generated due to the

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• spherical in morphology and range from 5–200 nm in size. The mechanism through which AgNPs are synthesized is still not well understood; however, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results from previous studies suggest that carboxylic and hydroxylic groups, in addition to primary and secondary

Fusion of purple membranes triggered by immobilization on carbon nanomembranes

• René Riedel,
• Natalie Frese,
• Fang Yang,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Raphael Dalpke,
• Daniel Rhinow,
• Norbert Hampp and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 93–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.8

• histidine-tag at the extracellular side of a PM mutant (c-His PM). The functionalization and the resulting hybrid membrane were examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and infrared

Bulk chemical composition contrast from attractive forces in AFM force spectroscopy

• Dorothee Silbernagl,
• Media Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani,
• Natalia Cano Murillo,
• Anna Maria Elert and
• Heinz Sturm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 58–71, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.5

• material phases based on AFM topography. Additional chemical characterization on the nanoscale is performed by an AFM/infrared-spectroscopy hybrid method. Mechanical properties (kr) and attractive forces (Fattr) are calculated and a structure–property correlation is obtained by a manual principle component

• measurements are easier to implement, since no additional sample preparation is necessary [20]. There is a number of AFM-based methods, such as tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) [21], AFM-based infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) [16][22], noncontact AFM (ncAFM ) [23][24], chemical AFM (cAFM) [25][26], and

Unravelling the interfacial interaction in mesoporous SiO₂@nickel phyllosilicate/TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for photocatalytic activity

• Bridget K. Mutuma,
• Xiluva Mathebula,
• Isaac Nongwe,
• Bonakele P. Mtolo,
• Boitumelo J. Matsoso,
• Rudolph Erasmus,
• Zikhona Tetana and
• Neil J. Coville

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1834–1846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.165

• yield a material that absorbs light in the UV and visible region [29][52][53]. These results suggest that a change in the bandgap could readily reduce the recombination of electrons and holes during UV irradiation of mSiO2@NiPS/TiO2 and, consequently, improve its photocatalytic activity. Infrared

• spectroscopy is a useful technique to determine the functional groups present in the silica and nickel phyllosilicate nanomaterials. Figure S2c in Supporting Information File 1 shows infrared absorption peaks of mSiO2 and mSiO2@NiPS at 813 and 1073 cm−1, characteristic of Si–O symmetric stretching and

• infrared (FTIR) spectrometer with measurements between 600 cm−1 and 4000 cm−1. The XPS analyses were obtained with a Kratos Axis supra spectrometer using an Al Kα source. Photocatalytic test A glass reactor equipped with a 100 W high-pressure mercury lamp (Sol 2A, Newport 94022A model) was used and the

Nanocasting synthesis of BiFeO₃ nanoparticles with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Thomas Cadenbach,
• Maria J. Benitez,
• A. Lucia Morales,
• Cesar Costa Vera,
• Luis Lascano,
• Francisco Quiroz,
• Alexis Debut and
• Karla Vizuete

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1822–1833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.164

• electron microscope (TEM). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the nanoscale materials were recorded using a Jasco FT IR-4700 spectrometer. Bandgap information was obtained using the spectra recorded in a Perkin Elmer UV–vis spectrometer with an integrating sphere. Spectra were suitably

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

• Shuoye Yang,
• Zhenwei Wang,
• Yahong Ping,
• Yuying Miao,
• Yongmei Xiao,
• Lingbo Qu,
• Lu Zhang,
• Yuansen Hu and
• Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

• ). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra in the range from 500 to 4000 cm−1 were recorded with a FTIR spectrometer (Nicolet IS10). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted using a BRUKER D8 X-ray diffractometer in the 2θ range of 0–100° at a scanning rate of 5°·min−1. For atomic force microscopy

Cardiomyocyte uptake mechanism of a hydroxyapatite nanoparticle mediated gene delivery system

• Hiroaki Komuro,
• Masahiro Yamazoe,
• Kosuke Nozaki,
• Akiko Nagai and
• Tetsuo Sasano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1685–1692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.150

• HAp nanoparticles were prepared using the water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion method. The characterization of the prepared HAp nanoparticles was carried out using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). TEM provided insight into the

A self-powered, flexible ultra-thin Si/ZnO nanowire photodetector as full-spectrum optical sensor and pyroelectric nanogenerator

• Liang Chen,
• Jianqi Dong,
• Miao He and
• Xingfu Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1623–1630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.145

• systematically analyzed. The self-powered PDs exhibit high responsivity (1200 mA/W), high detectivity (1013 Jones) and fast response (τr = 18 μs, τf = 25 μs) under UV illumination. High and stable short-circuit output currents at each wavelength from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR) demonstrates that the

• light from ultraviolet to near-infrared have attracted widespread attention in recent years for a variety of applications in industry and technology, such as optical sensing/communication, environmental monitoring, biomedicine, and the “internet of things” [1][2][3][4]. Especially full-spectrum PDs

• -infrared (NIR) (1064 nm) under zero bias with fast response speed at each wavelength. The self-power PDs exhibit high responsivity (1200 mA/W), high detectivity (1013 Jones) and fast response speed (τr = 18 μs, τf = 25 μs) under UV illumination. The pyroelectric output current can drive a LED by harvesting

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• ][6]. Silver sulfide nanoparticles (NPs) are extensively used in many applications, such as photoconductors, solar cells, infrared (IR) photodetectors, biosensors, photocatalysts, and probes [7][8][9]. A number of techniques have been used to synthesize nanostructured Ag2S, including facile

• . synthesized monodisperse Ag2S NPs by using a sonochemical method and fabricated photodetector devices by integrating Ag2S NPs on a graphene sheet [17]. Tretyakov et al. [18] reported the characterization of a Ag2SQD (quantum dots)/Si heterojunction photodetector used for short-wave infrared radiation

Optically and electrically driven nanoantennas

• Monika Fleischer,
• Dai Zhang and
• Alfred J. Meixner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1542–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.136

• , Germany 10.3762/bjnano.11.136 Keywords: active plasmonics; electrically driven nanoantenna; gap antenna; nanoantenna; nanofabrication; nanospectroscopy; nano-photonics; optical antenna; second harmonic generation; sensing; scanning tip; surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA); surface-enhanced Raman

• SERS signal under operation conditions. Moving further towards the (near-) infrared regime, different antennas are employed in a surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) configuration [45]. Here the aim is to detect low concentrations of semiconductor nanocrystals through maximum local enhancement

Wafer-level integration of self-aligned high aspect ratio silicon 3D structures using the MACE method with Au, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ir

• Mathias Franz,
• Romy Junghans,
• Paul Schmitt,
• Adriana Szeghalmi and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.128

• with the Au nanoparticles. The reflectance of visible and near-infrared light (380–1050 nm) is shown on the left side of the graph. The right side summarises this range within a boxplot (see [28]). The wafer, etched without H2O2, shows a high reflectance of approximately 34%. The process with 50 mmol/L

• structure stability is required for reproducible results. In contrast, the open nanowires obtained with Pd showed a significant reduction of the reflectance in a wide spectral range. For violet light, the measured reflectance was below 2%. In the near-infrared spectral range, the reflectance raised up to 9

Structural and electronic properties of SnO₂ doped with non-metal elements

• Jianyuan Yu,
• Yingeng Wang,
• Yan Huang,
• Xiuwen Wang,
• Jing Guo,
• Jingkai Yang and
• Hongli Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1321–1328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.116

• reflectivity in the infrared region, and the reflectance of the crystals doped with N, C, S, and B decreased sequentially. Based on this theoretical calculations, F-doped SnO2 is found to be the best photoelectric material for preparing low-emissivity coatings. Keywords: density functional theory (DFT); doped

• -emissivity glass. The most important property of low-emissivity is the reflectivity in the infrared region. According to the reflectance spectrum of the material, a good adiabatic behavior of the material requires the plasma frequency to be close to the visible region. Plasma is a system in which the

• replacement doping. S-doping forms p-type semiconductors, and F-doping forms n-type semiconductors. The optical analysis results revealed that F-doped SnO2 possesses the highest reflectivity in the infrared region, and is most suitable as a low-emissivity coating material. Schematic diagram of the structure

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• ) analysis (Rigaku D/Max-rB, Japan), with diffraction angle values ranging from 5° to 60°, was performed to examine the crystalline structure of CCGNFs. A Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) (Frontier, Perkin-Elmer Company, USA) was used to investigate the structural changes of the CNFs before and

Ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions using a microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor for groundwater

• Dinesh Rotake,
• Anand Darji and
• Nitin Kale

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1242–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.108

• 0.56 ng Cd(II) is 877.72 Ω. Characterization using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) FTIR is a mature technique for elemental analysis and the identification of functional groups. The FTIR results show –OH stretching in the range of 2900–3750 cm−1 and N–H bending (1350–1750 cm−1) [48][49

High permittivity, breakdown strength, and energy storage density of polythiophene-encapsulated BaTiO₃ nanoparticles

• Adnanullah Khan,
• Amir Habib and
• Adeel Afzal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1190–1197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.103

• mixture. All materials including BTO, BTO-PTh, and PTh are characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (Nicolet 520 FTIR spectrophotometer) and X-ray diffraction (STOE STADI P X-ray diffractometer). The morphology of BTO and BTO-PTh nanoparticles is studied using scanning electron

Photothermally active nanoparticles as a promising tool for eliminating bacteria and biofilms

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Laura D’Alfonso,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1134–1146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.98

• being drawn to photothermally active nanoparticles that are capable of converting absorbed light into heat. These nanoparticles can efficiently eradicate bacteria and biofilms upon light activation (predominantly near the infrared to near-infrared spectral region) due a rapid and pronounced local

• have advantages over other NPs, such as controlled and sustained release, enhanced solubility and biocompatibility [30][31][32]. Within the wide variety of existing nanomaterials with antibacterial properties, photothermally active nanoparticles, with absorption in the visible–near-infrared (NIR

• excitation by near-infrared light at 808 nm causes localized heating (up to 81 °C) that is capable of destroying the bacteria nearby [61]. Gold nanostar monolayers with a tunable LSPR absorption were grafted onto glass slides and were found to efficiently eliminate an S. aureus biofilm upon NIR laser

Gram-scale synthesis of splat-shaped Ag–TiO₂ nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial properties

• Mohammad Jaber,
• Asim Mushtaq,
• Kebiao Zhang,
• Jindan Wu,
• Dandan Luo,
• Zihan Yi,
• M. Zubair Iqbal and
• Xiangdong Kong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1119–1125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.96

• Rigaku D/Max 2500 powder diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JSM5610LV, JEOL, Japan) was used to observed the morphology of the Ag–TiO2 NPs. The sample components were examined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Fourier-transform infrared

• spectroscopy (FTIR, Nicolet IS50) was used to measure the infrared spectra. To detect the absorption profile of the prepared samples, the UV–vis spectroscopy technique was used. In vitro cytotoxicity The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Human colon

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• ]. Recently, SPIONs were observed to be good candidates for photothermal and photodynamic therapy, using near-infrared (700–2000 nm) laser excitation of the nanomaterial. For these therapies, SPIONs are theoretically preferred in larger clusters, although studies have shown that they can yield up to 12 °C

• temperature increase even in the ultrasmall range (4–5 nm SPIONs at 785 nm laser wavelength, 800 mW power for 20 min) [136]. The study concluded that ultrasmall SPIONs can also produce heat by excitation with wavelengths smaller than near infrared and that the heating efficacy depends on the laser power. Some

• for MRI and fluorescence imaging with good cytocompatibility. Park et al. [161] synthesized SPIONs coated with folate containing 64Cu for positronic emission tomography and MRI. Cai et al. [162] obtained 12 nm SPIONs coated with a near-infrared fluorescent dye for dual in vivo imagistics (MRI and

A new photodetector structure based on graphene nanomeshes: an ab initio study

• Babak Sakkaki,
• Hassan Rasooli Saghai,
• Ghafar Darvish and
• Mehdi Khatir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1036–1044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.88

• GNMs have both metallic and semiconducting properties depending on the arrangements of perforations. Also, absorption spectrum analysis indicates attractive infrared peaks for GNMs with semiconducting characteristics, making them better photodetectors than graphene nanoribbon (GNR)-based alternatives

• . The results suggest that GNMs can be potentially used in mid-infrared detectors with specific detectivity values that are 100-fold that of graphene-based devices and 1000-fold that of GNR-based devices. Hence, the special properties of graphene combined with the quantum feathers of the perforation

• materials using optical analysis. Finally, by calculating the photocurrent of the detectors based on these materials, we discuss the benefits of using them as infrared detectors. Armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) are often classified into three families, namely 3m, 3m + 1, and 3m + 2 (m is a positive

Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films

• Dumitru Tsiulyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85

• films; Introduction Tellurium (Te) is a multifunctional chemical element used for the development of many devices, such as diodes with high (106) rectification ratios, thin-film field-effect transistors, optical recording media, infrared and UV detectors, strain-sensitive devices and others (see [1][2

Uniform Fe₃O₄/Gd₂O₃-DHCA nanocubes for dual-mode magnetic resonance imaging

• Miao Qin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Mengjie Xu,
• Hui Yan,
• Yizhu Cheng,
• Xiumei Zhang,
• Di Huang,
• Weiyi Chen and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1000–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.84

• (Figure 2i). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was conducted to verify the nanocube surface modifiers before and after DHCA exchange. By comparing the FTIR spectra of FGOA and FGDA nanocubes (Figure 2i), it is possible to conclude that the two samples display distinct characteristic

• Kα (λ = 1.5406 Å)) was used to determine the crystalline structure of the nanocubes. The diffractometer was operated at 40 kV and 30 mA. Scanning was performed at 2θ values ranging from 20 to 80° at a rate of 0.05°·s−1. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was performed on the samples over a

A 3D-polyphenylalanine network inside porous alumina: Synthesis and characterization of an inorganic–organic composite membrane

• Jonathan Stott and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.78

• electron microscopy (SEM), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and contact angle measurements (CA) reveals a change in morphology of the grafted polymer films, which is due to the rearrangement of the secondary structure of the polypeptides. No significant loss of the surface-grafted polypeptides was

• hydrolyzed monomers or an alternative polymerization mechanism [40][41]. The characterization of these composite materials was performed by NIR-spectroscopy (NIR), water contact angle measurements (CA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric (TG) measurements. Mid- and near-infrared

• rearrangement during the second dewetting process. At the outer surface the ability to rearrange is improved by convection initiated due to frequent mechanical agitation of the flask during the CHCl3/DCA treatment. NIR characterization of grafted polyphenylalanine Near-infrared spectroscopic analysis can

Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design

• Sonia M. Lombardo,
• Marc Schneider,
• Akif E. Türeli and
• Nazende Günday Türeli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72

• , which allows them to strongly absorb light in the infrared region [177][178]. The advantage of AuNRs over AuNPs is that their aspect ratio (length divided by width) allows for the adjustment of the absorption wavelength in the near infrared (NIR) region (650–1350 nm), thus exploiting the so-called