Quantitative wear evaluation of tips based on sharp structures

• Ke Xu and
• Houwen Leng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 230–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.22

• TipCheck sample is extremely sharp, which could cause damage to the tip. Therefore, the needle insertion speed was often reduced, and the initial scanning range was set to 0 µm to prevent damage. The scanning speed should not be too fast, usually 0.5 Hz. As the sample made contact with the surface, the

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for CO₂ storage: A review

• Ha Huu Do,
• Iqra Rabani and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 964–970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.79

• chemical sites or an appropriate pore size for agent insertion. Many MOFs lack these properties, rendering them unsuitable for post-synthetic strategies. Fortunately, the development of MOF composites is a promising solution to augment the quantity of CO2 that can be absorbed. As a case in point, Eshraghi

Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles

• Remmi Danae Baker-Sediako,
• Benjamin Richter,
• Matthias Blaicher,
• Michael Thiel and
• Martin Hermatschweiler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.70

• Australian company Vaxxas. Pty. Ltd. Vaxxas has developed a non-dissolving microneedle patch, called the Nanopatch [13][14][15]. In the Nanopatch, the microneedles are coated in a dry vaccine powder, and upon insertion, the microneedles leave pores in the skin where the powder particles can be bioabsorbed

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• of a mesh wire attached at the bottom of the sampling probe. The probe is vertically inserted into the quartz tube from the top, and the HAB values are varied between 5 and 17 mm by adjusting the insertion length. The sampling time is fixed at 1 min for all runs unless specified otherwise. The

The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

• Manuela Rebora,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Silvana Piersanti,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 496–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.41

• which is totally white. Ti, tibia. Aedes albopictus (female) in a cryo-SEM. (a) Lateral view of the thorax of Ae. albopictus covered with scales and microtrichia. (b) Detail of (a) showing microtrichia (M) and scales (S) with their articulated insertion (arrow) in the cuticle. (c–g) Scales with

A mid-infrared focusing grating coupler with a single circular arc element based on germanium on silicon

• Xiaojun Zhu,
• Shuai Li,
• Ang Sun,
• Yongquan Pan,
• Wen Liu,
• Yue Wu,
• Guoan Zhang and
• Yuechun Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 478–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.38

• , and the maximum coupling efficiency is 8.61% (6.878 μm) when d = 4.35 μm. Furthermore, the total insertion loss (IL) has been estimated, which can be expressed as [13]: where Pin and Pout stand for input power and output power, respectively. Under the condition of maximum coupling efficiency, the

Hydroxyapatite–bioglass nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, and biological aspects

• Olga Shikimaka,
• Mihaela Bivol,
• Bogdan A. Sava,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Christu Tardei,
• Beatrice G. Sbarcea,
• Daria Grabco,
• Constantin Pyrtsac,
• Daria Topal,
• Andrian Prisacaru,
• Vitalie Cobzac and
• Viorel Nacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1490–1504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.123

• (mm2) [40]. The surface of the samples was then investigated by SEM to estimate their apatite-forming ability. The pH value of SBF was measured before and after the insertion of the sintered sample using a Multi-parameter analyzer Consort C1010, version 2.0, which has the possibility to measure pH

Straight roads into nowhere – obvious and not-so-obvious biological models for ferrophobic surfaces

• Wilfried Konrad,
• Christoph Neinhuis and
• Anita Roth-Nebelsick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1345–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.111

• contact line where air, water and solid meet. The case of rotational symmetry Elementary geometry allows one to express the gas volume V shown in Figure 5 and the interface curvature H in terms of the cone geometry (s, θ and ε are defined in Figure 5) as and Insertion of Equation 3, Equation 5 and

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• physiological fluids upon administration and the active ingredient diffuses to the deeper regions. (iii) Dissolving MNs that contain the active ingredient dispersed in the MN matrix. The matrix is prepared with the use of soluble or biodegradable materials, and, upon insertion, the matrix-forming agent

• . Multiple parameters were evaluated, namely the physical and mechanical properties, ocular permeation, FS remaining in ocular tissue, dissolution time, insertion force, insertion depth, and ex vivo ocular drug delivery. The permeation studies on porcine eyeballs showed that, after application of the MN

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• groups to the anionic bacterial membranes and their lipopolysaccharides (a component of the outer membrane of most Gram-negative bacteria), enabling insertion into the membrane driven by clusters of hydrophobic residues [85][91]. As a consequence, the microbial membranes are permeabilized, associated

Fabrication and testing of polymer microneedles for transdermal drug delivery

• Vahid Ebrahiminejad,
• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 629–640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.55

• of bending, buckling, and tip blunting were then examined using compression tests and also theoretically. MN array insertion performance was studied in vitro on porcine back skin using both a prototype custom-made applicator and a commercial device. An adjustable skin stretcher mechanism was designed

• and manufactured to address current limitations for mimicking skin in vivo conditions. Finite element analysis (FEA) was developed to simulate single MN insertion into a multilayered skin model and validated experimentally using a commercial Pen Needle as a model for the thermoplastic MNs. Margins of

• required depth [18]. There should be no MN-induced skin contamination, for example, due to breakage of the tips, and zero toxicity demands medical-grade materials. Evaluation of MN mechanical strength requires an investigation of MN insertion characteristics and possible failure scenarios. During the

Ciprofloxacin-loaded dissolving polymeric microneedles as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections

• Sharif Abdelghany,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Yazan Al Thaher,
• Maram Al Fawares,
• Amal G. Al-Bakri,
• Saja Zuriekat and
• Randa SH. Mansour

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 517–527, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.43

• Parafilm and an agarose-based skin model. Parafilm has been utilized to test the insertion properties of polymeric microneedles [20]. Parafilm-M is mainly composed of paraffin waxes and polyalkene (polyolefin) [21] and, thus, presumably similar in hydrophobicity to the stratum corneum, the main barrier of

• 2 min. The solution is then loaded into a 6-well plate with a thickness of 2 mm and incubated at room temperature for 1 h to solidify. The gel was then removed from the wells and used to study the insertion properties and for in vitro infection assay. Preparation of excised human skin samples The

• skin. Parafilm has been proposed as a model that simulates the mechanical properties of porcine skin [36], which is similar in barrier properties to human skin [37]. In a study to assess the insertion depth of microneedles in Parafilm, no significant difference was shown in the insertion depth between

Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis

• Camila Felix Vecchi,
• Rafaela Said dos Santos,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 503–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.42

• width/height) while the MNs E9 have the highest compression value and an aspect ratio of 1:6 (base width/height). Römgens and colleagues also observed that with an increase in the diameter of the MN tips, the force for insertion increases [42]. When different MN tip diameters were studied for insertion

• compression area (the work required to deform the sample during compression) were calculated using the software Texture Exponent 6.1.12.0 (Stable Micro Systems, Surrey, UK). Puncture The effect of formulation composition on the puncture force and distance was evaluated by MN insertion study. The best

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• deposited three gold bands onto a silicon substrate to form a CPW, and then prepared a suspended graphene bridge structure above the CPW with a pull-in voltage of 2 V and a wide operating frequency of 60 GHz. Sharma et al. [56][58] tested the isolation and insertion loss of graphene in microwave and

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• insertion into the inner membrane, for precise mitochondria-targeted cancer treatment as presented in Figure 8B. The efficiency of G-TiO2−x-TPP was scrutinized in mice having HeLa tumors, and the results showed excellent mitochondria-targeting potential and strong phototherapeutic efficacy under a single

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• contributed to improving the charge separation, significantly reducing indoor NO under visible light irradiation. The optimized composite removed 57% of the initial NO while generating a negligible amount of NO2. In addition, this work found that the insertion of graphene quantum dots did not induce any

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• micromoulding [5]. In addition to microneedles for skin penetration, these microstructures have also been used in other sites of the body including the delivery of bioactive drugs into the eyes [6] and the insertion of molecules into cells using nanoneedles [7][8]. The present article reviews applications

• microneedles may be pre-coated with a drug before insertion, or can be used to puncture the skin before or after the application of a drug to the skin surface. Drug-coated microneedles will release the drug from their surface into the skin once the coating is hydrated by body fluids (Figure 1). This method of

• potentially allow lower controlled volumes of therapeutic agents to be delivered compared to hollow microneedles, which are also more prone to becoming clogged by microscopic debris during insertion [38]. The rate of drug diffusion from the microneedle surface into the patient will depend on the

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• emerging that advocate metal Na-free anodes. These can be divided in depositing nanometric Na on a porous host material and inserting Na ions in a suitable host material. Host materials for the deposition of Na are porous scaffolds based on carbon and metal. The insertion of Na ions can be performed with

• capacity of these electrodes depends on two mechanisms, the deposition/stripping of Na and the insertion/extraction of Na+. Metal scaffolds and meshes fabricated from Cu, Ni, Ni@Cu, or Al are other materials onto which Na can be plated. As shown in a recent work, porous Ni structures formed on Cu foil

Extended iron phthalocyanine islands self-assembled on a Ge(001):H surface

• Rafal Zuzak,
• Marek Szymonski and
• Szymon Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 232–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.19

• crystals, n-type, 45 Ω·cm). After insertion into the UHV system the samples were sputtered and annealed for 15 min (Ar+, 600 eV, 1020 K). The Ge sample was hydrogenated using a custom-built hydrogen cracker following the procedure described in [61]. Deposition of the FePc molecules (Sigma-Aldrich, purity

Free and partially encapsulated manganese ferrite nanoparticles in multiwall carbon nanotubes

• Saja Al-Khabouri,
• Salim Al-Harthi,
• Toru Maekawa,
• Mohamed E. Elzain,
• Ashraf Al-Hinai,
• Ahmed D. Al-Rawas,
• Abbsher M. Gismelseed,
• Ali A. Yousif and
• Myo Tay Zar Myint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1891–1904, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.170

• ]. Although the independent benefits of the functionalization, insertion, and encapsulation of nanomaterials have been identified, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies exploring the combined advantages of having nanomaterials simultaneously located inside and outside (attached to the external

Controlling the electronic and physical coupling on dielectric thin films

• Philipp Hurdax,
• Michael Hollerer,
• Larissa Egger,
• Georg Koller,
• Xiaosheng Yang,
• Anja Haags,
• Serguei Soubatch,
• Frank Stefan Tautz,
• Mathias Richter,
• Alexander Gottwald,
• Peter Puschnig,
• Martin Sterrer and
• Michael G. Ramsey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1492–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.132

• photoemission tomography experiments were conducted at the Metrology Light Source insertion device beamline of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt using the toroidal electron spectrometer. The ARUPS experiments were performed with a small hemispherical sector electron analyzer mounted on a goniometer (VG

Atomic defect classification of the H–Si(100) surface through multi-mode scanning probe microscopy

• Jeremiah Croshaw,
• Thomas Dienel,
• Taleana Huff and
• Robert Wolkow

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1346–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.119

• comparison of the differences observed in nc-AFM using a Si-tip (dark mode imaging), including the assignment of individual H atoms at the dihydride sites, is given later in Figure 3. Defects that we observe to be centred within a dimer manifest themselves through the insertion of additional atoms between

Growth of a self-assembled monolayer decoupled from the substrate: nucleation on-command using buffer layers

• Robby Reynaerts,
• Kunal S. Mali and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1291–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.113

• ][26][27] or alkane derivatives such as fatty acids [28][29][30] or alkylamines [31], especially when graphite is used as the substrate. The rationale here is that given the strong influence of the substrate lattice on the adsorption as well as the self-assembly of typical organic molecules, insertion

• controlled electrochemical polymerization of thiophene to produce polythiophene nanowires with tunable lengths [36][37]. In the context of their use for controlling surface architectures, insertion of the buffer layers between the assembling moiety and the solid substrate affects the assembly process via the

Gas sorption porosimetry for the evaluation of hard carbons as anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries

• Yuko Matsukawa,
• Fabian Linsenmann,
• Maximilian A. Plass,
• George Hasegawa,
• Katsuro Hayashi and
• Tim-Patrick Fellinger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1217–1229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.106

• , and second, a plateau appearing at low voltage. The regions may be assigned to the insertion of alkali ions between differently stacked carbon sheets in the sloping region on the one hand. On the other hand, alkali ion adsorption within nanopores in a “plating-like” adsorption process may explain the

Straightforward synthesis of gold nanoparticles by adding water to an engineered small dendrimer

• Sébastien Gottis,
• Régis Laurent,
• Vincent Collière and
• Anne-Marie Caminade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1110–1118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.95

• a theoretical work was published in 2015 [65]. In this work, it was demonstrated that the first step required for the nonradical formation of an Au–Au bond was the presence of hydrogen followed by the insertion of a third gold atom to form a triangle by self-assembly. The release of only a small