Hydroxyapatite–bioglass nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, and biological aspects

• Olga Shikimaka,
• Mihaela Bivol,
• Bogdan A. Sava,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Christu Tardei,
• Beatrice G. Sbarcea,
• Daria Grabco,
• Constantin Pyrtsac,
• Daria Topal,
• Andrian Prisacaru,
• Vitalie Cobzac and
• Viorel Nacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1490–1504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.123

• drawbacks. An ideal biomaterial to replace the bone tissue must integrate in the surrounding bone or soft tissue by stimulating osteoinduction and octeoconduction [1] at their interface in physiologic environment. Synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA), Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, although being very similar to the mineral

Rapid and sensitive detection of box turtles using an electrochemical DNA biosensor based on a gold/graphene nanocomposite

• Abu Hashem,
• M. A. Motalib Hossain,
• Ab Rahman Marlinda,
• Mohammad Al Mamun,
• Khanom Simarani and
• Mohd Rafie Johan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1458–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.120

• -controlled charge-transfer process through the electrode–solution interface. Regarding the qualitative aspect, it was found that the nanocomposite-modified electrode shows a diffusion-limited charge transfer process. The bare SPCE comparatively showed lower charge transfer resistance at higher frequencies

• than that of individual nanomaterial-modified SPCEs, representing a limitation of electron transfer through the electrode–solution interface [56] for different electrode surfaces. The EIS plots for the modified SPCEs surfaces also reveal that the electrode–solution interfacial charge transfer process

Density of states in the presence of spin-dependent scattering in SF bilayers: a numerical and analytical approach

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Valeriia D. Pashkovskaia,
• Nikita A. Parkhomenko,
• Anastasia V. Guravova,
• Elena A. Kazakova,
• Boris G. Lvov,
• Alexander A. Golubov and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1418–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.117

• –orbit scattering. For practical reasons, we propose the analytical solution for the density of states in SF bilayers in the case of a thin ferromagnet and low transparency of the SF interface. This solution is confirmed by numerical calculations using a self-consistent two-step iterative method. The

• is well-known [1][2][3][79]. It has a so-called mini-gap at the subgap energies E < Δ (where Δ is the superconducting gap), whose magnitude depends on the NS interface parameters and the thickness of the N layer [79][80]. Replacing the N layer with a ferromagnetic metal F results in a more

• ]. In this work, we consider a diffusive SF bilayer, assuming a relatively low interface transparency and the presence of magnetic and spin–orbit scattering. For this purpose, the Kupriyanov–Lukichev (KL) boundary conditions at the superconductor/ferromagnet interface are perfectly suitable [83]. We

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• MBN-80 by providing in-depth information on the charge transfer kinetics, and the obtained Nyquist plots are depicted in Figure 6a. The charge transfer resistance at the electrode–electrolyte interface can be interpreted through the arc radius from the Nyquist plot [30]. The lower Nyquist radius for

• –electrolyte interface was measured as a function of the applied potential (Eappl) and enunciated through Equation 8. Furthermore, the band structure, Debye length (LDB), density of charge carriers (Nd), and width of the space charge region (Wsc) pertaining to MBN-80 could also be calculated from the Mott

Dry under water: air retaining properties of large-scale elastomer foils covered with mushroom-shaped surface microstructures

• Matthias Mail,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Wilhelm Barthlott,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Lars Heepe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1370–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.113

• interface area of Vi, kH is the Henry’s law volatility constant of air in water. In order to calculate kH we assume air is composed of approx. 78% nitrogen and approx. 20% oxygen. Following Sander [54], the Henry’s law solubility constant for oxygen in water at 20 °C is approx. 1.42 × 10−5 mol/(m3·Pa), for

• were determined. Deionized water was used throughout all experiments. 3.1 Air–water interface of a persistent air-layer To investigate the shape of the air–water interface of the air layers kept by MSM and to proof the expected durability of the air layer in a water depth lower than 2 cm, a 2.0 × 2.0

• (HCX APO L 63x/0.90 W U-V-I, Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar) with 63-fold magnification directly after submergence and after two weeks. Using the total reflection of the laser light at the air–water interface this method allowed us to analyze the shape of the air–water interface at high resolution. The

Straight roads into nowhere – obvious and not-so-obvious biological models for ferrophobic surfaces

• Wilfried Konrad,
• Christoph Neinhuis and
• Anita Roth-Nebelsick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1345–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.111

• gas/liquid interface and the forces acting on this interface should be in stable mechanical equilibrium, that is, the (extra) forces generated by a (small) displacement of the interface should be able to push the system back to its equilibrium position. In case of liquid iron flowing over the tuyère

• creating the air layer should not exceed the capillary length, that is, surface forces should dominate forces trying to distort the gas/liquid interface (e.g., gravitational forces). The straight top-down pathway: Identifying and following obvious biological models As a first step, it appeared to be quite

• (Figure 2). These are able to hold the resulting air layer for extended periods of time upon immersion. The interface is also resilient against perturbations. The “Salvinia effect” has considerable biomimetic potential, for instance, with respect to fuel reduction in maritime shipping [24][25] because an

Near-infrared photoactive Ag-Zn-Ga-S-Se quantum dots for high-performance quantum dot-sensitized solar cells

• Roopakala Kottayi,
• Ilangovan Veerappan and
• Ramadasse Sittaramane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1337–1344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.110

• ) that appears at the interface of electrolyte and counter electrode. The low-frequency region hemisphere is attributed to the charge transfer resistance (R2) appearing at the interface of electrolyte and photoanode. The sheet resistance (Rs) is the resistance of the intercept of the real axis. Similarly

• , CD1 is the double layer capacitance in the counter electrode/electrolyte interface and CD2 is the capacitance in the photoanode/electrolyte interface. In this work, we focused on R2, and it was observed to be 26.78 Ω. This low value of R2 reveals that the AZGSSe/TiO2 NF-based photoanode has superior

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• both the surface and the inside. When exposed to visible light, Bi7O9I3/NTC displayed higher photocatalytic activity owing to the synergistic effect of the micro-/nanoscale hierarchical structure, low iodine content, and well-contacted interface. 93.5% methyl orange (MO) and 96.6% RhB were eliminated

• , heterostructure formation, interface modification, and Bi-content enhancement, have been employed. Defect formation Vacancies and defects affect the electrical properties of Bi-based semiconductor photocatalysts and, hence, govern the photocatalytic efficacy. Rao et al. reported an N2-assisted heat treatment

• migration [95][96]. Photoinduced holes in n-type semiconductors are transported to p-type semiconductors by an electric field at the interface, whereas photoinduced electrons from p-type semiconductors are transported to n-type semiconductors (Figure 5b). Using simple and cost-effective experimental

Bending and punching characteristics of aluminum sheets using the quasi-continuum method

• Man-Ping Chang,
• Shang-Jui Lin and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.108

• of the coupled regions [54]. Results and Discussion In this section, the QC method was used to explore the effects of different crystal orientations, workpiece thickness, clearance, and taper angle on the nano-punching process. The friction characteristic of interface and residual flash phenomena

• unloading curves shown in Figure 2, it can be found that there is a slight oscillation in the O2 and O3 curves, especially in the O2 curve, which means that the residual flash exists on the interface between the punch and both sides of the substrate. By contrast, there is no oscillation in the unloading

• curve of O1, which indicates that the unloading process of O1 was less affected by the residual flash. Therefore, the result confirms that there is almost no residual flash on the interface of the O1 orientation. Further, the fracture strength values of O1, O2, and O3 were 0.138, 0.324, and 0.133 GPa

Enhanced electronic transport properties of Te roll-like nanostructures

• E. R. Viana,
• N. Cifuentes and
• J. C. González

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1284–1291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.106

• vacuum, εav = 1.95 is the averaged relative permittivity of the SiO2/air interface of the FET [19][29]. Also, w = 550 nm, t = 50 nm, and L = 5.97 µm are the diameter of the nanostructure, the thickness of the nanostructure, and the length of the FET channel, respectively. The thickness of the dielectric

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• ion is used as the transition ion and the sodium ion is used as the fixed cation, the output performance of the device does not change much. These experimental results show that in nanochannels, only specific ions can interact with the channel material interface to convert their own flow potential

• . However, after the solid–liquid contact, the research on the principle of the selective interaction of ions at the solid interface is still not comprehensive and systematic. And more experimental work is needed to complement and prove it. In 2014, Zhu et al. fabricated a nanowire fluorinated ethylene

• Elsevier (2017). This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. d) The device is designed through the interface to increase the output power. (e) Voltage and current output of the device. (f) Device configurations with different electrode designs. (g, h) Voltage and current output of three generators with

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

• Se-Kwon Kim,
• Sesha Subramanian Murugan,
• Pandurang Appana Dalavi,
• Sebanti Gupta,
• Sukumaran Anil,
• Gi Hun Seong and
• Jayachandran Venkatesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92

• computed tomography (CT) scan radiographs which show good bone lodging in all implants. There are noticeable holes at the hydroxyapatite implant interface. Ag–Si hydroxyapatite implants, on the other hand, have a smooth contact between the host bone and the implant. Acemannan and chitosan coatings have

Spindle-like MIL101(Fe) decorated with Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of chlortetracycline under visible-light irradiation

• Chen-chen Hao,
• Fang-yan Chen,
• Kun Bian,
• Yu-bin Tang and
• Wei-long Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1038–1050, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.91

• ). Figure 3d shows an HRTEM image of BOM-20 composites. The lattice fringes of 0.37 nm correspond to the (120) facet of α-Bi2O3 [55]. Meanwhile, the tight contact interface between Bi2O3 and MIL101(Fe) can be clearly observed. Furthermore, the elemental mapping images of BOM-20 (Figure 3e–h) reveal the

• suggests that the formation of the heterojunction can promote charge transfer on the interface between MIL101(Fe) and Bi2O3. Furthermore, the interfacial charge transfer behavior of the BOM-20 composite is also confirmed by EIS. In Figure 5d, BOM-20 exhibits the smallest arc radius, meaning that BOM-20

• possesses the lowest resistance and the highest separation rate of electron–hole pairs on the interface of MIL101(Fe) and Bi2O3 [57], which is consistent with the results from PL spectra and photocurrent analysis. In summary, PL spectra, photocurrent responses, and EIS analysis all indicated that Bi2O3

Analytical and numerical design of a hybrid Fabry–Perot plano-concave microcavity for hexagonal boron nitride

• Felipe Ortiz-Huerta and
• Karina Garay-Palmett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1030–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.90

• known as the q-parameters for the Gaussian beams, where z2 = L2 − Lp, z1 = L1 and zR,1,2 is the Rayleigh length for each beam. For a Gaussian beam passing through a plane dielectric interface, we have A = B = C = 0, and D = n2/n1, where n1 = 1 is the refractive index of the air gap, therefore, by

• substituting in Equation 3, q2 = (n2/n1)q1. This leads to z2 = (n2/n1)z1 and W01 = W02. Finally, by defining ∆z = z2 − z1 we get: As a threshold for R2 we set R2 ≥ L2 in accordance with the stability range where 0 ≤ g ≤ 1. Although work has been done to include the lensing effect of a curved “n1/n2” interface

• + DBR system a L(HL)15 dielectric stack. A transfer matrix model [24] was used to calculate the electric field distribution inside the hBN + DBR system (Figure 6). The full transfer matrix S of our microcavity is defined as: where L and I represent the transfer and interface matrix, respectively, of the

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity of AgCoCu oxides on reduced graphene oxide in alkaline media

• Iyyappan Madakannu,
• Indrajit Patil,
• Bhalchandra Kakade and
• Kasibhatta Kumara Ramanatha Datta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1020–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.89

• the electrode/electrolyte interface during the ORR, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was performed. The Nyquist plot was acquired at 5 mV as AC amplitude between 100 kHz and 100 mHz with 0 V as a bias potential (Figure 4d). It is important to note that the prepared electrocatalysts displayed a

Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth,
• Lukas Schreiber and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

• formation of biofilms [25][26]. A measure of the degree of wetting is the contact angle θ (CA). It describes the angle between the liquid–vapor interface and the liquid–solid interface. According to the CA, surfaces can be classified as superhydrophilic (0° < θ < 10°), hydrophilic (10° ≤ θ < 90

Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water

• Jason I. Kilpatrick,
• Emrullah Kargin and
• Brian J. Rodriguez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 922–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.82

• of topography and surface properties of interfaces in a wide range of environments [1]. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) utilizes the application of a bias and a conductive probe to map the local electrical properties of an interface at the nanoscale [2], allowing for the determination of the

• local contact potential difference (CPD) between the probe and the sample. This, in turn, allows the work function of the sample to be measured if the work function of the probe is known and vice versa. The mapping of local electrical properties of the interface is essential to further our understanding

Self-assembly of C₆₀ on a ZnTPP/Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O substrate: observation of a quasi-freestanding C₆₀ monolayer

• Guglielmo Albani,
• Michele Capra,
• Alessandro Lodesani,
• Alberto Calloni,
• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Marco Finazzi,
• Franco Ciccacci,
• Alberto Brambilla,
• Lamberto Duò and
• Andrea Picone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.76

• measurements reveal a negligible charge transfer at the C60/ZnTPP interface. Finally, the difference between the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and that of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) measured on C60 is about 3.75 eV, a value remarkably higher than those found in

• materials possessing antithetic electronic and structural properties. In this frame, the molecule–metal interaction arising at the interface plays a crucial role in determining the morphology and the electronic properties of the hybrid organic/inorganic system. With regard to the structural aspects, a

• metallic substrates. Here, the hybridization between the molecular orbitals and the electronic states of the substrate generally modifies the intrinsic properties of the molecules, inducing the broadening of the molecular resonances, the narrowing of the band gap, and the development of interface states

Temperature and chemical effects on the interfacial energy between a Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid alloy and nanoscopic asperities

• Yujin Han,
• Pierre-Marie Thebault,
• Corentin Audes,
• Xuelin Wang,
• Haiwoong Park,
• Jian-Zhong Jiang and
• Arnaud Caron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 817–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.72

• oxide [10]. This effect has also been used to trigger the reaction of thin oxide films at the liquid–vapor interface with liquid gallium alloys [11]. While the liquid–vapor interface of liquid gallium-based alloys has been well investigated, the wetting of liquid gallium alloys on different substrates

• drop is not disrupted during application onto a substrate. In contrast, when the oxide skin breaks, new oxide forms at the solid–liquid interface with a substrate, which results in adhesion. Also, the wetting of a liquid Ga–In alloy has been related to the adsorption energy of gallium on three

• could be tuned by texturing the substrate surface. The wetting of gallium-based liquid alloys is thus complex and depends on the stability of the oxide at the liquid–substrate interface, the reactivity with the substrate material, and the substrate topography. In this work, we applied atomic force

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• tailored by controlling the evaporation front and the withdrawal speed, making photonic sensors possible. To pack the coordination polymer particles denser, stronger forces were introduced by casting the particle dispersion at an ice–water interface [142]. After freezing of the residual water, the

• nanosheets spontaneously and precisely organized into films at the interface laminarly. The films could be easily transferred to other substrates, and showed superprotonic conductivity, which may be promising for fuel cells. The assembly process of 2D coordination polymer nanosheets could be confined inside

• single crystals involving the generation of Cu2L4 SBU and its fragmentation into CuL2. Figure 1c was reprinted from [97], Chem, vol. 8, by J. Han et al., “Determining factors in the growth of MOF single crystals unveiled by in situ interface imaging”, pages 1637-1657, Copyright (2022), with permission

Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• presence of the hierarchical TiO2 nanotubes influences and inhibits the crystallinity of Bi2WO6 in between the interface of the two phases, revealing the strong interaction between TiO2 and Bi2WO6 phases [35][36]. Figure 2b displays the FTIR spectra of the hierarchical Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT nanocomposites, pure

• interface of the Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT heterostructures, which promotes the generation of more effective photogenerated charges. Besides, the 70%−Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT and 90%−Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT nanocomposites behave similarly but have higher photocurrent responses than those of the 50%−Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT nanocomposite, which

Experimental and theoretical study of field-dependent spin splitting at ferromagnetic insulator–superconductor interfaces

• Peter Machon,
• Michael J. Wolf,
• Detlef Beckmann and
• Wolfgang Belzig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 682–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.60

• effect at a ferromagnetic insulator–superconductor (FI–S) interface. The calculations are based on the boundary condition for diffusive quasiclassical Green’s functions, which accounts for arbitrarily strong spin-dependent effects and spin mixing angles. The resulting phase diagram shows a transition

• field, we find good agreement between theory and experiment. The theory depends only on very few parameters, mostly specified by the experimental setup. We determine the effective spin of the interface moments as J ≈ 0.74ℏ. Keywords: circuit theory; magnetism; proximity effect; superconductivity

• = e2/h is the conductance quantum, and G = σNA/d is the conductance of the film (in the direction perpendicular to the interface of cross section A). D and σN are the diffusion constant and the normal-state conductivity of the film, respectively. Note, that due to the normalization condition for

Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conductivities of aqueous and hydrocarbon nanofluids

• Adil Loya,
• Antash Najib,
• Fahad Aziz,
• Asif Khan,
• Guogang Ren and
• Kun Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 620–628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.54

• layer at the liquid–particle interface) is another significant mechanism for heat transfer enhancement [18][19][20]. Furthermore, a number of researchers have shown that agglomeration (or clustering) of nanoparticles is another key factor that affects the thermal conductivity of nanofluids [21][22][23

Revealing local structural properties of an atomically thin MoSe₂ surface using optical microscopy

• Lin Pan,
• Peng Miao,
• Anke Horneber,
• Alfred J. Meixner,
• Pierre-Michel Adam and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 572–581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.49

•  3b), while the photoluminescence intensity of CuPc on bilayer MoSe2 excited by radial polarization is only 1.49 times higher compared to that with azimuthal polarization. Based on the above experimental results, the Raman enhancement mechanism at the interface between CuPc molecules and the 2H MoSe2

• ]. Additionally, MoSe2 has a polar covalent bond (Mo–Se), which can induce interface dipole–dipole interactions with CuPc in a face-on orientation [24]. The dipole–dipole interaction will bring about a local symmetry-related perturbation, leading to an increase of the matrix element for the LUMO–HOMO transition

• polarization is more pronounced than it is with radial polarization. This is mainly due to the first-layer effect, where ground-state charge transfer and interface dipole–dipole interactions between the first layer of face-on lying CuPc molecules and MoSe2 are more efficient. The SHG and photoluminescence