Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• or elimination of NP targeting capability by shielding or completely covering relevant functional groups. To block the adhesion of corona proteins on NP surfaces, various strategies have been established using surface barrier layers, such as polymer, protein, or biomimetic coatings, with the ultimate

Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles

• Remmi Danae Baker-Sediako,
• Benjamin Richter,
• Matthias Blaicher,
• Michael Thiel and
• Martin Hermatschweiler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.70

• artifact from slicing the computer-aided design (CAD) into layers [47][48]. The staircase effect leads to increased surface roughness of the order of micrometers, and high surface roughness on the microneedles will require substantially more pressure to penetrate the skin. These slicing artifacts

Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect

• Matthias Mail,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Thomas Speck,
• William M. Megill and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69

• repellency, but also on the capability of some surfaces to keep stable air layers under water – the so-called Salvinia Effect. Such air layers are of great importance for drag reduction (passive air lubrication), antifouling, sensor applications, or oil–water separation. Up to now, based on the

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• “db6 wavelet decomposition” decomposes the heart sound signal into five layers, selects seven optimal bases of the heart sound signal according to the filtering characteristics of the binary wavelet sub-band, and reconstructs feature vectors. As shown in Figure 18, the shaded background annotation

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• compositions such as Li7Ge2, Li9Ge4, and Li22Ge2 [53][54][55]. The remaining shoulder can be ascribed to the decomposition of the electrolyte and the formation of solid–electrolyte interface (SEI) layers [55][56]. In the following cycles, the signal of the SEI layer formation at a potentials of 0.3 V vs Li/Li

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• consisting of many layers and interfaces. The study and the comprehension of the mechanisms that take place at the interfaces is crucial for efficiency improvement. In this work, we apply frequency-modulated Kelvin probe force microscopy under ambient conditions to investigate the capability of this

• technique for the analysis of an InP/GaInAs(P) multilayer stack. KPFM reveals a strong dependence on the local doping concentration, allowing for the detection of the surface potential of layers with a resolution as low as 20 nm. The analysis of the surface potential allowed for the identification of space

• containing numerous layers and interfaces [1]. The capability to conduct local investigations at the nanoscale level that provide information on the electrical properties of materials and along physical interfaces is becoming crucial for solar photovoltaic device efficiency improvement [2]. Electrical

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• lowers the detection limit [18]. In an effort to combine the properties of carbon dots and graphene, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with a size smaller than 100 nm and only a few layers of graphene (3 to 10 layers) have been developed as a new class of carbon nanomaterials [19]. Scientists have explored

• distance, respectively, covered by the GQDs. The variation in size of the GQDs can be determined from the x axis, while from the y axis, the thickness of the GQDs can be obtained. The average thickness of the GQDs is about 2.8 nm, which indicates the presence of 8–9 graphene layers, assuming an interlayer

• containing functional groups are still present in GQDs even after hydrothermal treatment. Due to the nanoscale size of GQDs and a small number of graphene layers, the diffraction peak appears broad [35]. Using the FWHM of the diffraction peak, an average crystallite size of 2.69 nm was calculated for the

The microstrain-accompanied structural phase transition from h-MoO₃ to α-MoO₃ investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction

• Zeqian Zhang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Minting Luo and
• Zhenfei Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.55

• octahedron layers in the ⟨100⟩α direction. The octahedron layers are bonded by van der Waals interactions in the ⟨010⟩α direction, crystalizing into the α-MoO3 structure. Keywords: microstrain; molybdenum oxide; phase transition; thermal expansion; Introduction Molybdenum exhibits oxidation states ranging

• ], β-MoO3 [15][16], h-MoO3 [17], γ-MoO3 [18], and the high-pressure phase MoO3-II [19]. α-MoO3 and β-MoO3 are the two most commonly reported molybdenum oxides. α-MoO3 is a thermodynamically stable orthorhombic phase. It is a layered crystal with strong covalent bonding within the layers and weak van

• der Waals coupling between layers [20]. β-MoO3 is a metastable phase in which the MoO6 octahedra share corners in three dimensions to construct a monoclinic structure [16]. h-MoO3 is a metastable hexagonal phase. It has the unique structural characteristic that the MoO6 octahedra chains share corners

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Juris Katkevics,
• Jana Andzane,
• Raitis Sondors,
• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Kiryl Niherysh,
• Yelyzaveta Rublova and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

• chemisorption and physisorption at the nanowire interface, which suppress electronic transport inside the p-type semiconductor nanowire but enhance ionic transport in the water layers adsorbed on the nanowire surface. Possible physicochemical processes at the nanowire surface are discussed in line with

• formation of additional physisorbed H2O layers through hydrogen bonding (Figure 3e). The conduction process occurs by the Grotthuss mechanism [29][33][34] of H+ hopping through the network of H2O molecules on the surface (H3O+ + H2O ↔ H2O + H3O+). Higher humidity causes increased concentration of H+ and

• the increasing contribution of ionic conductivity in the water layers. At RH above 60%, the constant phase element and the Warburg element appeared in the equivalent circuit, suggesting an increasing part of water physisorption and condensation. All in all, the influence of these factors can explain

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

SERS performance of GaN/Ag substrates fabricated by Ag coating of GaN platforms

• Magdalena A. Zając,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Łukasz Gutowski,
• Jan L. Weyher and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 552–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.46

• substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and magnetron sputtering (MS) and their evaluation as potential substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are reported. Ag layers of comparable thicknesses were deposited using PLD and MS on nanostructured GaN platforms. All fabricated SERS

• plasmonic metals or their alloys [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. The chemical and electrochemical etching of GaN heteroepitaxial layers leads to various nanostructures formed on line defects (dislocations), such as straight nanopillars, bunches of nanopillars, and pits [31][32]. The nanostructured

• morphology of fabricated Ag layers examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, we present the results of their optical properties determined using UV–vis spectroscopy. Finally, we compare the SERS performance of the GaN/Ag substrates toward 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (pMBA) molecules adsorbed on them

Observation of multiple bulk bound states in the continuum modes in a photonic crystal cavity

• Rui Chen,
• Yi Zheng,
• Xingyu Huang,
• Qiaoling Lin,
• Chaochao Ye,
• Meng Xiong,
• Martijn Wubs,
• Yungui Ma,
• Minhao Pu and
• Sanshui Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 544–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.45

• along the z direction was applied as the source. Perfectly matched layers are used at all boundaries of the simulation region. The mode patterns are captured by adding a field monitor at the middle plane of the structure. An apodization window is utilized in the monitor to filter out the incident power

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• changing the number of painted layers. Figure 1b shows a histogram of the initial resistance distribution of the sensors averaged over around 400 devices, demonstrating the system’s robustness for large-scale production. The resistance distribution was fitted using an exponentially modified Gaussian (EMG

• ) and the calculated mean resistance (with standard deviation) is 1.26 ± 0.07 kΩ. A geometry optimization was also performed to find out the maximum gain response as a function of width, length, and number of painted layers (see Supporting Information File 1 for details). To better understand how MWCNTs

On the use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize mass-produced graphene nanoplatelets

• Keith R. Paton,
• Konstantinos Despotelis,
• Naresh Kumar,
• Piers Turner and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 509–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.42

• these two extremes, the peak shape evolves gradually, and while the 2D peak from bilayer graphene has been shown to comprise four components, deconvolution for higher layer numbers has not been reliably carried out. The spectrum recorded from flakes with ten or more layers is typically indistinguishable

• from that of bulk graphite. However, it is important to note that this behaviour can be affected by the stacking order. For example, for turbostratic graphite, where there is random rotational alignment between the layers, the 2D band also has the shape of a single Lorentzian line [21]. However, it

• lateral size of 218 nm. We did not attempt to give a number of layers for these flakes. Yet, we do note that while the natural interlayer spacing for graphite is 0.34 nm, it has been reported previously that for similarly produced flakes, monolayer flakes had a measured thickness of 2 nm, with each

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• the spectral range of terrestrial solar irradiation (Figure 6b and Figure 6c). Single-layer PPy nanosheets transmit 0.2–0.3% of light, while two or more layers of the PPy nanosheets exhibit a very low transmittance over the entire solar spectrum. It is interesting to note that the light absorption

• depends on the number of layers, which was caused by the surface structure of the multilayer PPy nanosheets. The high roughness and sharp local curvature of the multilayer PPy nanosheets were retained and incident light was effectively redistributed. In other words, transmitted light is confined in the

• multilayer PPy nanosheets, and this results in internal light scattering between the layers (Figure 6d). These multilayer nanosheets promote a broadband and wide-angle light absorption across the entire solar spectrum, thus increasing the solar thermal conversion efficiency to 95.33%. Polyaniline

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• interaction between inner-core and outer-shell plasmons, PT energy transduction is significantly more effective. The absorption coefficient (Cabs) of the nanomatryushka (NM) can be calculated by varying the volumetric factor of the different layers of the nanostructures and the refractive index of the

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• acid, and chitosan) used in the structure of the shell layers. In the FTIR spectrum of pure quercetin (Figure 3a) the bands observed at about 3408 and 3292 cm−1 correspond to phenolic O–H stretching [64]. The peak at 1671 cm−1 stems from the stretching of the C=O carbonyl functional group. The

• Figure 4a and Figure 4b, the Ag NPs covered by chitosan layers comprising quercetin or caffeic acid have mostly spherical shapes. However, both samples also include nanostructures with different shapes, such as rods and triangles, in smaller numbers than the spherical particles. This also resulted in

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• structure of silica particles, in which the alternate layers differ in refractive index. The periodic difference in the refractive index creates photonic band gaps, in which certain wavelengths of the light cannot propagate, depending on the size of the periodic structures and the differences in the

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• nanosized drug delivery carriers: Mixed-layer and multilayered nanocarriers with bioresponsive and cleavable layers, possessing different functional properties for improving the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, diffusion in the tumor microenvironment, cellular internalization and

Concentration-dependent photothermal conversion efficiency of gold nanoparticles under near-infrared laser and broadband irradiation

• Vikas,
• Raj Kumar and
• Sanjeev Soni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 205–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.20

• GNPs, the scattering increases in relation to the absorption [30]. Also, with an increase in the concentration of GNPs, the absorption of the incident radiation occurs predominantly in the first few layers of the suspension [31], and there may be interparticle coupling of plasmon reponses, which can be

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• to deposit Pt for the cathode of PEM fuel cells only in a few studies, and in all of them only on gas diffusion layers of carbon fabric or on proton conductive Nafion membrane [27][32][33]. According to our knowledge, no studies have been reported on the PLD deposition of Pt catalyst on carbon

• , Figure S2) were recorded from an area of about 1.5 × 3.5 mm for materials prepared in the form of layers with a thickness of about 0.4 mm. However, due to the small depth of collecting the photoelectrons in XPS (about 3 to 10 nm), the recorded signal comes only from the material’s surface. Consequently

• result mean that the PLD-deposited Pt on the carbon support is oxidized to a higher extent than the reference Pt catalyst. Based on our experience with Pt deposited by PLD as thick continuous layers, slightly oxidized Pt layers can be deposited by the PLD method under vacuum conditions. Thus, we suspect

High–low Kelvin probe force spectroscopy for measuring the interface state density

• Ryo Izumi,
• Masato Miyazaki,
• Yan Jun Li and
• Yasuhiro Sugawara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 175–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.18

• the localized energy levels of insulating layers on semiconductor surfaces has been reported to be feasible [22]. Therefore, we can expect that the KPFS method described above can be combined with high–low KPFM to measure the energy distribution of the interface states. In this study, we propose high

Combining physical vapor deposition structuration with dealloying for the creation of a highly efficient SERS platform

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Walter Puglisi,
• Damien Thiry,
• Cristina Satriano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.10

• dealloying was performed in HCl for 10, 30, 60, and 120 min. The lamellar structure in the as-prepared sample is due to the rotation of the substrate during deposition. The film presents a multilayer structure composed of Ag-rich and Ag-poor layers which are formed due to distance variation between the

• rotating substrate and the Ag target (i.e., Ag-rich layers are formed when the substrate is close to the Ag target while Ag-poor layers are formed when the substrate is far from the Ag target). The formation of these nanolayers has already been reported in the literature [24][37]. Higher magnification SEM

• ). These small pores highlight the early dealloying stage and the propagating front at the grain boundaries [38]. After 30 min in HCl, bigger pores are formed (Figure 2b) and the cross-section image shows structures made of a porous and full layers (Figure 2f). After 60 min of dealloying, the initial

Liquid phase exfoliation of talc: effect of the medium on flake size and shape

• Samuel M. Sousa,
• Helane L. O. Morais,
• Joyce C. C. Santos,
• Ana Paula M. Barboza,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• Elisângela S. Pinto and
• Mariana C. Prado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 68–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.8

• substrate appears in black to dark blue. Following previous works, we consider flakes with ten or less layers as “few-layer” [25]. Since talc has a layer thickness of approximately 1 nm [12], we did not convert the height to the number of layers as it is a direct conversion. Few-layer flakes appear in light

• Fernandes and co-workers [24], simply looking at mean flake thickness and standard deviation of a sample does not account well for the volume (or mass) of few-layer flakes versus bulk flakes (thicker than 10.5 nm for talc, which represents 10 or more layers). We calculated the mass ratio of bulk (M) and few

• offer a comparison of the characteristics of the sample. The samples differ more in thickness-related parameters (thus, the number of layers) than in the lateral size-related parameters. To further compare shape-related features of the samples, we plotted topological vectors of pairwise ratios among

Gap-directed chemical lift-off lithographic nanoarchitectonics for arbitrary sub-micrometer patterning

• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hong-Sheng Chan,
• Chia-Li Liao,
• Che-Wei Chang and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 34–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.4

• ) was obtained from the ELGA PURELAB classic system (Taipei, Taiwan). CLL operation processes and bioactive substrates preparation In a manner similar to a previous study [26], silicon substrates with 100 nm thick Au and 5 nm Cr adhesive layers were prepared by thermal evaporation. To prepare a SAM