From shield to spear: Charge-reversible nanocarriers in overcoming cancer therapy barriers

• Madhuri Yeduvaka,
• Pooja Mittal,
• Ameer Boyalakuntla,
• Usman Bee Shaik,
• Himanshu Sharma,
• Thakur Gurjeet Singh,
• Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula and
• Lakshmi Vineela Nalla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 159–175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.10

• ., DOX, geldanamycin) under alternating magnetic fields while preserving systemic safety [65]. Core–shell magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@P(MEO2MA60-OEGMA40)) combine magnetic hyperthermia with controlled doxorubicin release, achieving localized heating (≈42 °C) under an alternating magnetic field to

• doxorubicin release at temperatures of ≥44 °C, effectively targeting resistant and quiescent cancer stem cells. Combined TR-DOXO and magnetic field treatment achieved complete tumour inhibition in mice, demonstrating strong hyperthermia–chemotherapy synergy [67]. The combination of magnetic targeting, thermal

Capabilities of the 3D-MLSI software tool in superconducting neuron design

• Irina E. Tarasova,
• Nikita S. Shuravin,
• Liubov N. Karelina,
• Fedor A. Razorenov,
• Evgeny N. Zhardetsky,
• Aleksandr S. Ionin,
• Mikhail M. Khapaev and
• Vitaly V. Bol’ginov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 122–138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.8

• capable of extracting a three-dimensional magnetic field distribution and a planar current distribution by solving a system of integro-differential equations on a 2D grid. Recently, VoxHenry [12] and SuperVoxHenry [13] simulators were developed, which use voxel-based discretization as well as advanced

• the size of superconducting ground plane. In fact, the screen-mediated interaction is determined by the ring currents circulating in the screen to close the return current caused by the magnetic field of the control line. Obviously, the forced truncation of the ground plane in simulations (see lower

• are Maxwell and London equations with proper excitation. Based on them, the inductance can be evaluated using the free energy functional. Therefore, the basic equations for 3D-MLSI are static London and Biot–Savart expressions for magnetic field , vector potential , and full energy E. The only free

Microscopic study of the intermediate mixed state in intertype superconductors

• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Alexander V. Kalashnikov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin and
• Alexei Vagov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 57–62, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.5

• -neighbor hopping amplitude, and g > 0 denotes the onsite attraction strength. An external magnetic field is incorporated via the Peierls substitution in the hopping matrix elements as where A(r) is the vector potential associated with the magnetic field B = ∇ × A. Within the mean-field approximation, the

• approximated by a quadratic dependence. The BdG equations are coupled self-consistently to the magnetic field through the Ampère–Maxwell law, expressed in the Biot–Savart form for the induced vector potential Aind: The total vector potential is A = A0 + Aind, where A0 corresponds to the uniform external field

• . The current density j, defined on the links between neighboring sites i and j, is given by where the Peierls phase in tij ensures coupling to the magnetic field. The coupled system of Equation 3–Equation 6 is solved self-consistently using an iterative algorithm developed in [28][30]. The calculations

Competitive helical bands and highly efficient diode effect in F/S/TI/S/F hybrid structures

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Irina V. Bobkova,
• Pavel M. Marychev,
• Vasiliy S. Stolyarov,
• Vyacheslav M. Silkin and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 15–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.2

• for achieving highly efficient superconducting diodes in the absence of an external magnetic field. Moreover, the sign of the diode efficiency can be changed as a function of the interface transparency. As a direction for further studies, one could investigate the Josephson diode effect in the hybrid

Terahertz-range on-chip local oscillator based on Josephson junction arrays for superconducting quantum-limited receivers

• Fedor V. Khan,
• Lyudmila V. Filippenko,
• Andrey B. Ermakov,
• Mikhail Yu. Fominsky and
• Valery P. Koshelets

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2296–2305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.158

• steps. The operation in the Fiske steps mode is complicated by the need to search for operation points at a particular frequency with sufficient generation power. The computer procedure of the operating point selection performed by varying the bias current through the FFO and the magnetic field takes

Improving magnetic properties of Mn- and Zn-doped core–shell iron oxide nanoparticles by tuning their size

• Dounia Louaguef,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Sébastien Diliberto,
• Klaus M. Seemann,
• Thomas Gries,
• Joelle Bizeau,
• Damien Mertz,
• Eric Gaffet and
• Halima Alem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2285–2295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.157

• investigated as a novel cancer treatment due to its ability to locally generate heat in tumors, thereby minimizing damage to healthy tissues compared to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy [3]. This process relies on exposing magnetic nanoparticles to an alternating magnetic field, causing them to

• generate heat through Brownian and Néel relaxation mechanisms [4]. The heat generation capacity of these nanoparticles is often quantified by the specific absorption rate (SAR), which represents the power dissipated as heat per gram of nanoparticles under the influence of an alternating magnetic field. The

• . Magnetic properties of the NPs were studied using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) from Microsense applying a magnetic field of 5 kOe. Several milligrams of purified and surfactant-free NPs were encapsulated into a quartz-glass cup and hermetically sealed. SAR measurements were performed using a

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• surfaces has proven challenging. For the separation of the individual factors, researchers developed powerful nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Great success was reached using pulsed field gradient (PFG)-NMR [19][20][21]. PFG-NMR incorporates the application of magnetic field gradients in

• addition to the uniform external magnetic field. A sequence of gradient pulses is used to label the position of the nuclear spins. The first pulse encodes spatial information; if the spins move (diffuse) during the interval, a second gradient pulse will partially or fully refocus them. The extent to which

Energy spectrum and quantum phase transition of the coupled single spin and an infinitely coordinated Ising chain

• Seidali Seidov,
• Natalia Pugach and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1668–1676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.117

• mostly aligned along the z-axis due to the large term. Effectively, an interaction with the single spin creates a strong magnetic field parallel to the single spin direction. Thus, the perpendicular component of the “magnetic field” can be considered as a small perturbation. Formally, this means that

Few-photon microwave fields for superconducting transmon-based qudit control

• Irina A. Solovykh,
• Andrey V. Pashchenko,
• Natalya A. Maleeva,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Olga V. Tikhonova and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1580–1591, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.112

• ), or a pair of JJs forming an interferometer-like circuit, so the spectrum is no longer equidistant. In the case where the JJ pair is used, the characteristic (plasma) frequency of the transmon can be quickly adjusted in 10–20 ns in the range of 1 GHz by an external magnetic field [35]. In practice

• , researchers try to reduce the transmon frequency dependence on the external magnetic field to get rid of parasitic flux fluctuations. A large shunt capacitance CB is needed to increase resistance to parasitic charge fluctuations [36]. A few-photon non-classical microwave field (with a certain number of

• description of Fock-based qudit control First, we need to quantize the field in the harmonic oscillator that corresponds to a high-quality resonator. The energy of the electric field stored in the capacitor and the energy of the magnetic field stored in the inductor can be written as follows: with operators

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• structure and composition of Co–Ni–Fe films were evaluated, and it was found out how the deposition rate affects the conversion of a weak magnetic field into magnetic induction. In addition, thin-film structures based on Fe and Co are among the most promising materials that can be applied in the creation of

• force parameter and damping spin coefficient, respectively; χ(t), η(t) are white noise present in the description of atom motion processes and the behavior of their spins, respectively; and ωi is the multiplication value of the gyromagnetic ratio and the local magnetic field [22]. It has been known for

• checking the convergence of the obtained numerical solutions. The second task investigated the self-organization of atomic spins in cobalt thin films and analyzed the dependence of nanofilm magnetic properties on their thickness. In both problems, there was no external magnetic field in the system, and the

Nanomaterials for biomedical applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Filippo Pierini,
• Seda Kizilel and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1499–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.105

• . Drugs or genetic material can be carried by these cylindrical nanoparticles and directed towards specific cells through external stimuli such as a magnetic field or light [12]. A new nanoscale drug delivery system has been developed by using carbon nanotubes and a carbon nanotube–graphene hybrid to more

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• intravenous administration of T cell membrane-coated nanoparticles directed to the cancerous organ by an externally applied magnetic field, followed by immune cell membrane-mediated cancer targeting. This strategy led to accelerated accumulation of nanomedicine in the tumor with minimal off-target exposure

Transfer function of an asymmetric superconducting Gauss neuron

• Fedor A. Razorenov,
• Aleksander S. Ionin,
• Nikita S. Shuravin,
• Liubov N. Karelina,
• Mikhail S. Sidel’nikov,
• Sergey V. Egorov and
• Vitaly V. Bol’ginov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1160–1170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.85

• ]. Indeed, the inductance of a superconducting film carrying an electric current consists of two components, namely, the magnetic inductance (originating from the magnetic field energy) and the kinetic inductance (originating from the kinetic energy of the superconducting electrons). Should one want to

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• of metal oxide on the rGO surface, which agrees with the previous SEM, XRD, and XPS analysis. The magnetic properties of the GVF investigated at room temperature under an applied magnetic field ranging from −6000 Oe to 6000 Oe is shown in Figure 9. Herein, the saturation magnetization (Ms) value for

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• applications such as magnetic hyperthermia, where NPs are used in cancer therapy to induce localized heating when exposed to an alternating magnetic field [34]. However, producing CCAs at the nanoscale presents significant challenges. Traditional wet chemistry approaches often fail because of elemental

• FC curve shows higher magnetization than the ZFC curve, indicating that spin alignment occurs faster when cooled in the presence of a magnetic field because of the pre-alignment that the magnetic field produces. Above 179 K, the ZFC and FC curves converge, suggesting that thermal energy disrupts

• in the presence of a magnetic field. The M–H curve (Figure 7d and Figure S6d, Supporting Information File 1) of the Al-based CCA at 5 K shows significant hysteresis, with a Hc of 16.6 kA·m−1, which is higher than that of the bulk Al-based CCA (11 kA·m−1). The increase in Hc in the NPs is likely due

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• of a magnetic field by laser ablation in liquids. SEM and TEM images of FeS2 nanoparticles prepared without a magnetic field revealed spherical particles with varying sizes, aggregation and agglomeration with an average size of approximately 40 nm [38]. In contrast to this, the average particle sizes

• phase-pure FeS2. A photodetector with detectivity of around 108 Jones was reported [68]. Mohsin et al. reported an external magnetic field-assisted laser ablation in liquid technique to prepare FeS2 nanoparticles [38]. They reported fabrication of FeS2 NPs/p-Si photodetectors using dipping technique

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• the considered temperature range. Increasing the magnetic field to 10 kOe did not significantly change the position of TMAX (see inset of Figure 5b), and the shape of the ZFC–FC relation. Only the magnetic field above 10 kOe shifts the ZFC maximum to lower temperatures; however, even at 60 kOe, the

• full reversibility of the ZFC and FC curves is not achieved (Figure 5b). The so-called irreversibility temperature, TIRR, at which the ZFC and FC curves bifurcate, is very little dependent on the magnetic field and is around 65 K for all registered temperature relations. It should be also stressed that

• in the M(T) relations there is no trace of the Verway transition (TV ≈ 125 K) typical for Fe3O4. Figure 5c presents the temperature dependences of the real part of the magnetic susceptibility, χ’(T), registered at several frequencies f of an ac external magnetic field for FS0. (In Figure 5c only

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• critical temperature of 6.3 K. In materials with superconducting properties, any variation of an external magnetic field induces electric currents on the surface that counteract this variation. This unique property enables the materials to detect very weak magnetic fields. This principle is leveraged in

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

• Joy Mukherjee,
• Safiul Alam Mollick,
• Tanmoy Basu and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

• a strong electric field generated in the cavity, the ECR-based ion sources equipped with microwave cavities neither contain any filament nor any type of electrode [26]. The high plasma density within a quartz cup is confined by solenoid magnets surrounding it, creating a multi-cusp magnetic field

• . However, careful attention is required for the microwave coupling to the plasma cup to minimize the reflections of microwave power. Mechanical adjustments to the resonator length and waveguide are made to ensure minimal reflection. Additionally, maintaining the necessary magnetic field strength is crucial

Vortex lattices of layered HTSCs at different vortex–vortex interaction potentials

• Valerii P. Lenkov,
• Anastasia N. Maksimova,
• Anna N. Moroz and
• Vladimir A. Kashurnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 362–370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.27

• ; Introduction Type-II superconductors, as shown by numerous studies, have a complex phase diagram in a magnetic field. In fields greater than the first critical field Hc1 and less than the second critical field Hc2, at temperatures below the critical temperature the superconductor is in a mixed state, in which

• the magnetic field penetrates the superconductor in the form of Abrikosov vortices [1]. In high-temperature superconductors (HTSCs), such as Y- and Bi-based cuprates, the vortex lattice is further complicated since these compounds have a layered structure [2][3][4][5][6]. The vortex filament in these

• discovered. Indications were also obtained that the second peak on the magnetization curve (second magnetization peak) at low temperature (less than 0.55Tc) coincides with the transition between the regimes of the flow of the vortex lattice. The measurements were also performed in a magnetic field inclined

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• introduction of magnetic nanoparticles into zeolite crystals so that the resulting composite can respond to an external magnetic field [33]. By imparting magnetic properties to such composites, they can be efficiently recovered after capturing contaminants such as heavy metals [34][35][36][37] and dyes [38][39

New design of operational MEMS bridges for measurements of properties of FEBID-based nanostructures

• Bartosz Pruchnik,
• Krzysztof Kwoka,
• Ewelina Gacka,
• Dominik Badura,
• Piotr Kunicki,
• Andrzej Sierakowski,
• Paweł Janus,
• Tomasz Piasecki and
• Teodor Gotszalk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1273–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.103

• [38], but this technique is difficult to apply in SEM chambers (the ultimate working environment for opMEMS) because of the difficulty of obtaining a controlled magnetic field inside. In the experiments, the resonance of the opMEMS was measured outside the vacuum chamber using a SIOS nano vibration

The role of a tantalum interlayer in enhancing the properties of Fe₃O₄ thin films

• Hai Dang Ngo,
• Vo Doan Thanh Truong,
• Van Qui Le,
• Hoai Phuong Pham and
• Thi Kim Hang Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1253–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.101

• SiO2, MgO(100) and MgO/Ta/SiO2, respectively. Magnetization of Fe3O4 samples in an external magnetic field in a range of (a) −10 kOe to 10 kOe and (b) −2 kOe to 2 kOe. Surface properties obtained from the AFM scans of Fe3O4 samples. Structural parameters of Fe3O4 thin films on various substrates

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• found to be used as NM descriptors, such as the relaxivities R1 and R2 obtained from magnetic resonance studies [44]. Related to magnetism, Kotzabasaki et al. used the magnetic field strength, but also a single categorical descriptor describing the magnetic core composition of the nanoparticles [25