Ni, Co, Zn, and Cu metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for electrochemical reduction of CO₂: A review

• Ha Huu Do and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 904–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.74

• hydrocarbons. Numerous studies have proposed reaction mechanisms based on the calculation of Gibbs energy for intermediate species, providing insights into the underlying processes involved in CO2 electrocatalysis. However, they also encounter some difficulties in the field of CO2 reduction. In particular, the

Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes

• Brunno R. F. Verçoza,
• Robson R. Bernardo,
• Luiz Augusto S. de Oliveira and
• Juliany C. F. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73

• possible to speculate that SPIONs use iron transport mechanisms to reach the parasitophorous vacuole and amastigote cytosol [21]. However, further studies need to be carried out to confirm this hypothesis and to elucidate the mechanisms of SPION uptake in promastigotes and amastigotes. We evaluated the

• ) intense intracellular vacuolization, (3) mitochondrial swelling, (4) myelin-like figures, and (5) cell death. The observed ultrastructural effects corroborate the significant antiproliferative effect found and give indications of the possible mechanisms of action of these nanoparticles, which may be

Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect

• Matthias Mail,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Thomas Speck,
• William M. Megill and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69

• concept of “copying” nature or learning from it arose (e.g., the story of Daedalus and Icarus [4]). This and other examples show that often physical phenomena in animals and plants can be described; however, it is not possible to immediately understand the mechanisms behind them and to transfer those to

• frictional forces on both, freshly unrolled leaves as well as adult leaves. These results extend the understanding of the mechanisms used by plants to defend themselves against herbivorous insects by changes in the leaf morphology on the macro- and microscale. Li et al. [6], in the paper “Effect of sample

Ultralow-energy amorphization of contaminated silicon samples investigated by molecular dynamics

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 834–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.68

• scope of the previously cited publications, is the range of angles and energies that have been studied, as well as the presence of a contamination layer. We have plotted the sputtering yields for all impact energies and incidence angles to try to understand the mechanisms of sputtering at such low

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• –Peppas model, also called power law, was initially used to describe drug release in polymeric systems where the two predominant mechanisms were relaxation of the polymer chains and diffusion. In this model (Equation 2), Mt/M∞ is the fraction dissolved, K is a constant that incorporates structural and

• geometrical information, and the exponent n is the diffusional or transport exponent, that provides information about the release mechanism. However, it can also be viewed as a generalization for the explanation of two different drug release mechanisms that could coexist [34]. The mechanism that dominates the

• , the estimated value of n was 0.56, suggesting mixed release mechanisms at play with a strong contribution of diffusion. As in our case there is no polymer relaxation involved, it may be hypothesized that the burst effect could be slightly affecting the global kinetics of the process [35]. Although

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• 1974 [5]. Electromagnetic and chemical mechanisms are attributed to the SERS enhancement. In electromagnetic theory, the excitation of metal particles through light leads to localized surface plasmon resonance due to the collective oscillation of free electrons in the confined space of the metal

Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity

• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu,
• T. Lan-Anh Vo,
• T. Thu-Trang Ho,
• Kim-Phuong T. Dang,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Phan Nhat Minh,
• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Vinh-Thien Tran,
• Van-Su Dang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Thi-Lan-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Dat Doan and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64

• antibacterial agents. One of the advantages of AgNPs over bulk metal or salts is their ability to controllably release silver as ions or particles, resulting in prolonged protection against bacteria [20]. While the specific mechanism of their antibacterial properties is not fully understood, mechanisms such as

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• at relatively low temperatures. However, CVD consumes a lot of energy for CNT growth, leading to increased production cost and, thus, making high-quality CNTs too expensive for practical applications. Alternatively, similar growth mechanisms of CNTs using the less common flame synthesis method are

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• consisting of many layers and interfaces. The study and the comprehension of the mechanisms that take place at the interfaces is crucial for efficiency improvement. In this work, we apply frequency-modulated Kelvin probe force microscopy under ambient conditions to investigate the capability of this

• enhancing device efficiency [10][11]. Consequently, the experimental demonstration of the sensitivity of KPFM to the narrower layers can be crucial for the investigation and comprehension of local surface properties and charge transport mechanisms at interfaces [12]. Within this context, this work presents

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Juris Katkevics,
• Jana Andzane,
• Raitis Sondors,
• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Kiryl Niherysh,
• Yelyzaveta Rublova and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

• nanowires in combination with good electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power reaching 500 µV/K enables their application as p-type components for environmentally friendly thermoelectric devices [3][4]. Investigating the influence of relative humidity (RH) and understanding conductivity mechanisms in

• contribution from resistance, capacitance, constant phase element, and Warburg element to the total impedance at various RH. Physical models describing the impact of chemisorption and physisorption processes are proposed to clarify the observed changes in the impedance spectra, discuss gas sensing mechanisms

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• and luminescent MOF sensors for detection and monitoring of antibiotics and hormones from various samples are critically reviewed. The detailed sensing mechanisms and detection limits of MOF sensors are addressed. The challenges, recent advances, and future directions for the development of stable

• framework (MOF) opto-electrochemical nanosensors for the detection of hormones and antibiotics is still missing, though. This review focuses on a variety of sensing applications that use MOFs as well as the synergistic mechanisms of MOF hybrids or composites that improve sensing performance. It provides a

• reviews and discussions were conducted on the mechanisms and performance of opto-electrochemical platforms using MOFs and their hybrids as opto-electrochemical sensors for the efficient detection of hormones and antibiotics in various matrices. Finally, challenges and future perspectives are presented

Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – a numerical model of setae acting in concert

• Alexander E. Filippov,
• Wencke Krings and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 603–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.50

• -Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.14.50 Abstract Suspension feeding via setae collecting particles is common within Crustacea. Even though the mechanisms

• field of filtration technologies. Keywords: adhesion; confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM); feeding efficiency; feeding structures; mechanical properties; Introduction Particle capture mechanisms are common in a huge variety of aquatic animals, such as polychaetes, bryozoans, bivalves, sponges

• , echinoderms, cnidarians, or crustaceans [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Even though living conditions and bauplans differ between suspension feeders, there are two main mechanisms for particle collection from the water body (for in-depth reviews on suspension feeding, see [8][9][10][11]). The first one can be

ZnO-decorated SiC@C hybrids with strong electromagnetic absorption

• Liqun Duan,
• Zhiqian Yang,
• Yilu Xia,
• Xiaoqing Dai,
• Jian’an Wu and
• Minqian Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 565–573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.47

• , indicating that the conductivity loss through the carbon shell plays a dominant role in the EM dissipation. Based on the above analysis, it is considered that multiple loss mechanisms may contribute to the improvement of EM absorption for the as-prepared SiC@C-ZnO hybrids (Figure 7). First, the hybrid

• at 12.1 GHz. They attributed the good performance to the synergy of several mechanisms, including multiple reflection and scattering losses generated by the porous structure and dielectric losses (such as interfacial polarization between ZnO and carbon or between Co and carbon, as well as between

• range of 2–18 GHz with a filler load of 30 wt %. Plots of ε″ as a function of ε′ for all SCZ samples with different filler loads. Microwave absorption mechanisms for the SCZ samples. (a) Capacitor-like structures in SiC@C-ZnO; (b) conductive loss in SiC@C-ZnO; (c) polarization loss in SiC@C-ZnO

The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

• Manuela Rebora,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Silvana Piersanti,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 496–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.41

• the use of visual cues can improve the attractiveness of sound-baited traps [27][28]. The mechanisms underlying swarm formation and long-range detection of females by males remain largely unexplored in mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, but an investigation [29] demonstrated that swarm formation and mate

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• ][35], efficient molecular identification [36][37][38], and device switching mechanisms based on nanoscale phenomena [39][40][41] have been revealed. The contribution of nanotechnology is not limited to the elucidation of such physical properties of materials. Nanotechnology has also contributed

• imaging at the atomic and molecular level has revealed the self-assembly mechanisms of crystal nuclei in organic crystals and metal-organic frameworks [42]. It has become possible to obtain statistical information on the size and structure of individual prenucleation clusters that cannot be examined by

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• conductivity, tunability of materials for realizing broadband energy absorption, appearance of new mechanisms of photon absorption, and improved prospects of preserving material properties [4][5][6]. Nanoparticle heating can result also due to the conversion of optical absorption by plasmons into heat. This

• critical for predicting and understanding PT performance, for which a discussion on the same is presented next. 2.3 Relaxation mechanisms of plasmons – the conversion of photons to heat When photons strike a plasmonic nanoparticle, plasmon excitations result in changes to the electron cloud thermal

• mechanisms of plasmon relaxation (through non-radiative scattering) result in the eventual coupling of the scattered plasmons to phonons, their understanding is critical for designing materials for such applications. Simplistically, phonons are quantized particles or waves with a unit of vibrational energy

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• distributions can provide critical insights into the mechanisms of uptake and transfection. Alternatively, imaging flow cytometry combines the high-throughput nature of flow cytometry with a high degree of spatial resolution and has been recently developed and employed in nonviral gene delivery research [21

• one formulation or the failure of another [15][17][27][28]. Within this context, an essential question is: “how are NPs internalized by cells?” [29]. Several mechanisms of endocytosis have been identified as listed in Table 2 [1]. Conventionally, the significance of an endocytosis pathway for a

• , upon limiting the function of a certain endocytosis pathway, especially through the use of pharmacological inhibitors, cells can respond to the blockage by overactivating alternative mechanisms that would normally be less relevant [31]. This makes the interpretation of each pathway’s significance more

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• activation of mechanisms controlling the phosphorylation of proteins of intercellular junctions, which in turn opens the cell–cell junctions and creates gaps between the cells [13][17]. The use of appropriate vascular permeability stimulants can therefore be an effective solution in the treatment of diseases

• nanotechnology and the use of nanoparticles as drugs, researchers have faced new problems, such as nanotoxicity and pathological consequences of their use. Therefore, knowledge about mechanisms and consequences of endothelial leakiness (NanoEL) caused by nanoparticles is crucial to develop effective and safe

• halted cellular activity using perfusion with a fixative, which allowed researchers to separate the passive and active transport mechanisms [31]. Nevertheless, research currently confirms the existence of a completely different active transport mechanism of NPs across the endothelium that is unrelated to

Quasi-guided modes resulting from the band folding effect in a photonic crystal slab for enhanced interactions of matters with free-space radiations

• Kaili Sun,
• Yangjian Cai,
• Uriel Levy and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 322–328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.27

• optical applications where multiple or spectrally tunable inputs are required simultaneously. Consequently, new mechanisms are still explored to realize novel photonic components with additional advantages besides a high Q-factor. These are, for example, phase gradient metasurfaces and spatial beam

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• mechanisms is included, along with potential antibiotic and dye degradation pathways in wastewater. Finally, areas that require additional study and attention regarding the usage of photocatalysts based on bismuth for removing pharmaceuticals and textile dyes from wastewater, particularly for real-world

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• development of cells and plays an important regulatory role in the progression of cancer [104][105]. Iron-dependent ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death that is different from other modes of action and molecular mechanisms. It is characterized by mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and reduced

• technology, many challenges still need to be addressed for further application in medical diagnosis and therapy. Biomimetic nanotechnology using cancer cell membranes is still in its infancy. The mechanisms of the intricate functions of numerous types of proteins on the surface of cancer cell membranes need

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• been documented even for the third generation of TKIs (target-dependent and target-independent molecular mechanisms of resistance to TKIs are presented in Table 1). Target-independent acquired resistance driven by cMET amplification after EGFR TKI treatment may be treated with crizotinib, a dual

• clinical therapy. In addition, some novel therapeutic approaches against resistant tumors have failed due to the heterogeneity of the progression of genetic alteration and the resulting complexity of resistance mechanisms [23]. Enormous efforts have been made in finding a way forward from this standstill

• , and evidence has been derived that no single drug can treat the broad spectrum of molecular alterations in NSCLC. Considering the fact that multiple mechanisms are involved in the reactivation of the EGFR signaling pathway, targeting multiple constituents within the EGFR cascade or targeting parallel

Spin dynamics in superconductor/ferromagnetic insulator hybrid structures with precessing magnetization

• Yaroslav V. Turkin and
• Nataliya Pugach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 233–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.22

• spin relaxation processes, but we do not take into account any spin relaxation mechanisms within our model for a superconductor. We should mention that both spin pumping mechanisms in superconductors and normal metals are determined by the penetration of nonequillibrium spin density from the interface

• suppression of the superconducting order parameter. The competition between two different spin pumping mechanisms can explain this interesting behavior. The first mechanism is the adiabatic spin pumping of the superconducting condensate, and the second one is the spin pumping of the thermally generated

• quasiparticles, for example, unpaired electrons and holes. The competition of these two spin pumping mechanisms gives rise to the nonmonotonous frequency dependence of the induced magnetization, which is the sum of the quasiparticle spin density and the triplet correlations component. The interplay between

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• surface states, precursors, preparation methods, and heteroatom doping [9]. Previous investigations showed that possible mechanisms of the CQD photoluminescence are radiative recombination of electron–hole pairs in the sp2 domains inside the sp3 matrix as well as the effect of zig-zag edges [6][18]. Apart

Formation of nanoflowers: Au and Ni silicide cores surrounded by SiO_x branches

• Feitao Li,
• Siyao Wan,
• Dong Wang and
• Peter Schaaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 133–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.14

• nm. XRD patterns of the dewetted systems after annealing at 1050 °C. The standard data of Au (PDF 03-065-2870) and Ni (PDF 03-065-0380) are listed. Formation mechanisms at elevated temperatures. (a) As-deposited bilayers and Au/Ni diffusion along nanochannels (dashed lines) in the SiO2 layer. All