Heat-induced morphological changes in silver nanowires deposited on a patterned silicon substrate

• Elyad Damerchi,
• Sven Oras,
• Edgars Butanovs,
• Allar Liivlaid,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Annamarija Trausa,
• Veronika Zadin,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Loïc Vidal,
• Karine Mougin,
• Siim Pikker and
• Sergei Vlassov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 435–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.39

• Abstract Metallic nanowires (NWs) are sensitive to heat treatment and can split into shorter fragments within minutes at temperatures far below the melting point. This process can hinder the functioning of NW-based devices that are subject to relatively mild temperatures. Commonly, heat-induced

• , after depositing NWs onto a substrate, heat treatment at temperatures around a few hundred degrees Celsius is often employed to eliminate the surfactant used during synthesis [18][19]. The melting temperature of silver is 962 °C, which is significantly higher than the temperatures required to remove

• organics. However, when the size of the structures is reduced to the nanoscale, metals exhibit distinct behavior at elevated temperatures compared to their larger counterparts [20][21]. Generally, a reduction in the melting point occurs as the size and dimensionality of the nanostructures decrease [20][22

TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes

• Joshua Williams,
• Michael I. Faley,
• Joseph Vimal Vas,
• Peng-Han Lu and
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1

• mode to avoid melting of the PMMA resist. The second approach involved etching a thin Py film with an ion beam while preserving the intended structure with an electron-beam-patterned negative resist mask. Redeposition of etched material was found to construct fences at the edges of the structures

• establish a good thermal contact during metal deposition to prevent the resist mask from melting as the substrate temperature is above the glass transition temperature of the resist. Ion beam etching The IBE process (Figure 6) is as follows: The first step is to deposit Py on the substrate; then a negative

• associated with resist such as the edge bead problem and resist melting during deposition. This approach is ideal for applications on small substrates where spin coating of a homogeneous resist layer is difficult. This technique is particularly suitable for TEM application because TEM grids have the SiN

A multi-resistance wide-range calibration sample for conductive probe atomic force microscopy measurements

• François Piquemal,
• Khaled Kaja,
• Pascal Chrétien,
• José Morán-Meza,
• Frédéric Houzé,
• Christian Ulysse and
• Abdelmounaim Harouri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1141–1148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.94

• droplets (F42240, lead-free solder paste – class 5, CIF, France). The fused silica substrate was placed on a heating plate set to 270 °C, which required around 3 min to reach the melting temperature of the solder droplets (217 °C), as observed under an optical microscope. Upon cooling, 16 SMD resistors

Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks

• Suyi Liu,
• Yasuo Norikane and
• Yoshihiro Kikkawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 872–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.72

• (melting point temperature Tm) of 1-HA-OCn and 2-HA-OCn was revealed. The Tm values measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) increased upon increase of the alkyl chain length exhibiting a zigzag fashion (Figure 11g) [129]. Such periodic changes in the 2D structure as well as Tm were also

• phase transition temperature (melting point) for 1-HA-OCn (blue) and 2-HA-OCn (red) as a function of the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chains. (a–c) Wheat-like structure formed by different orientations of anthraquinone pairs; (d–f) knot-like structure in which the clusters of the anthraquinone

N-Heterocyclic carbene-based gold etchants

• Robert B. Chevalier,
• Justin Pantano,
• Matthew K. Kiesewetter and
• Jason R. Dwyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.71

• water and carbon dioxide so that there was no need for a strong base for deprotonation or for air-free conditions [13][14]. Camden and co-workers have used CO2 adducts of benzimidazolium to produce NHC films by melting the solid CO2 adduct directly onto a gold surface under vacuum. They have also

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• (ζ) was measured by Doppler anemometry, and it was found to be around −13 mV. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed to determine the thermal stability and melting/recrystallization processes of the components after drug encapsulation. Overlaid DSC

• thermograms are shown in Figure 2, whereas the melting temperature (Tm), the enthalpy of fusion (ΔHf), and crystallinity index (CI) are presented in Table 1. Whereas BNZ showed an endothermic peak at its melting point (191.2 °C) [23], the formulation showed two endothermic peaks in the range of 40–50 °C

• , which could be referred to the melting points of the lipid and the surfactant, respectively. This suggests that no other endothermic changes occur to the formulation constituents or its load during the high-energy sonication procedure. A peak matching the phase transition peak of BNZ did not appear in

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• widely accepted vapor–liquid–solid mechanism, the growth of CNTs occurs in three steps, namely, melting of nickel particles, adsorption of carbon atoms onto the surface of the metallic nickel, and finally, diffusion and deposition of the precipitated carbon, which forms tubular materials by curling of

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• plasmonic materials, such as a higher melting point, alloying capabilities, as well as possibly lower reactivities. Morphologies with optimal PT properties in terms of optical absorbance can benefit well from prior knowledge of the same, which can be obtained quite well through modelling efforts. Modelling

• volume fraction of the particles, Tm is the melting temperature, Tc is the temperature of the cooling fluid, W is the thickness of the compartment holding the n-PCM, kw is the conductivity of the wall, and k′ is the conductivity of the PCM. The thermal conductivity of the plasmonically enhanced PCM

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• have attracted the interest of a large community of scientists. With a low melting point of just above 544 K, Bi is less toxic than its neighbours in the periodic table, antimony, lead, and polonium. The structure of the bismuth crystal, which has rhombohedral symmetry, is typical of the group-V

The influence of structure and local structural defects on the magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 23–33, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.3

• materials [7][8], in which heat storage and accumulation occur due to phase transformations. The functioning of such storage media is based on energy fluctuations in the process of crystallization or melting of the media. In contrast to traditional media, thermal storage does not require sealing of the

Induced electric conductivity in organic polymers

• Konstantin Y. Arutyunov,
• Anatoli S. Gurski,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Azat R. Yusupov,
• Danfis D. Karamov and
• Alexei N. Lachinov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1551–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.128

• cyclohexanone immediately before applying the polymer solution. The electrodes consisted of two mutually perpendicular lead strips with a width of ≈1 mm, between which the PDP polymer film was ‘sandwiched’ (Figure 2a). Lead was chosen as fairly low-melting metal exhibiting superconducting properties. Formation

• side view microphotographs made by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy occasionally reveal some macroscopic features such as lead electrode shortcuts through the polymer film (Figure 2c). These defects are episodic, and their character does not resemble the ‘melting through’ of the PDP

• film during the thermal deposition of lead. Moreover, the PDP decomposition starts at 440 °С, which is significantly higher than the melting point of lead, 327 °C. Moreover, it cannot be ruled out that such defects as ‘collapse’ of lead electrodes (Figure 2c) are not intrinsic, and could have appeared

Hydroxyapatite–bioglass nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, and biological aspects

• Olga Shikimaka,
• Mihaela Bivol,
• Bogdan A. Sava,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Christu Tardei,
• Beatrice G. Sbarcea,
• Daria Grabco,
• Constantin Pyrtsac,
• Daria Topal,
• Andrian Prisacaru,
• Vitalie Cobzac and
• Viorel Nacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1490–1504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.123

• by an unconventional wet route followed by melting [31][37][38]. As raw materials, the ultra-purity grade reagents boron oxide (B2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO,) potassium carbonate (K2CO3), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), silicon dioxide (SiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and cerium oxide (CeO2) have been used. The

• was heated up to 240 °C in an electrical oven, than introduced in an alumina crucible and heated in an electric furnace in two steps, namely a pre-melting step at low heating rate of about 50 °C/h from 240 up to 800 °C, followed by a melting step, at a higher heating rate of 250 °C/h, up to the

• melting temperature of 1200 °C, where the mixture maintained for 0.5 h. To obtain a homogeneous glass, an alumina stirrer homogenized the melt at 200–240 rpm. (iv) Casting, that is, the melt was cast into graphite molds, previously preheated at 1.1 Tg. (v) Cooling of the glass in air. (vi) Grinding the

Dry under water: air retaining properties of large-scale elastomer foils covered with mushroom-shaped surface microstructures

• Matthias Mail,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Wilhelm Barthlott,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Lars Heepe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1370–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.113

• lateral decrease in the area covered by air, leaving an unchanged high layer of air between the MSM structures. This lateral "melting" of the air layer patch then continued by diffusion of the air into the water until finally no air was visible. After elimination of the volume loss due to compression of

Straight roads into nowhere – obvious and not-so-obvious biological models for ferrophobic surfaces

• Wilfried Konrad,
• Christoph Neinhuis and
• Anita Roth-Nebelsick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1345–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.111

• walls should be much less prone to melting. The central idea was, therefore, to create a surface on the tuyère able to maintain an air layer that isolates the tuyère from the hot iron. For the persistence of the air layer, the following necessary conditions were identified: The surface should create a

• existence and stability of the gas/liquid interface and of the air pocket it encloses. Figure 5 right (b) and (c) are from [47] and were reprinted by permission from Springer Nature from the journal Journal of Bionic Engineering (“When Lotus Leaves Prevent Metal from Melting – Biomimetic Surfaces for High

Roll-to-roll fabrication of superhydrophobic pads covered with nanofur for the efficient clean-up of oil spills

• Patrick Weiser,
• Robin Kietz,
• Marc Schneider,
• Matthias Worgull and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1228–1239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.102

• slightly above the melting point of the respective PP type (170 °C in our case). For this temperature the viscosity of the polymer melt was sufficient to enable the hot-pulling process. The second roller of the calender was unheated and had a smooth surface. The gap between the rollers was adjusted to be

• support layer keeping the PP from melting completely and thus enables transport through the calender. The gap size is set slightly below the nominal film thickness so that the films experience minimal embossing forces. Temperature of the sandblasted roller is set slightly above the melting temperature of

Effects of focused electron beam irradiation parameters on direct nanostructure formation on Ag surfaces

• Jānis Sniķeris,
• Vjačeslavs Gerbreders,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Ēriks Sļedevskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1004–1010, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.87

• on the growth rate of the nanodots was observed. Metals with lower melting points (implying lower interatomic bond energy) produced higher nanodots at similar irradiation parameters. Conversely, metals with higher volume magnetic susceptibility produced much wider nanodots with a higher volume. A

Temperature and chemical effects on the interfacial energy between a Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid alloy and nanoscopic asperities

• Yujin Han,
• Pierre-Marie Thebault,
• Corentin Audes,
• Xuelin Wang,
• Haiwoong Park,
• Jian-Zhong Jiang and
• Arnaud Caron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 817–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.72

• prepared a eutectic Ga–In–Sn liquid alloy by melting the mixture of its solid constituents with the composition of 78.8 atom % Ga, 13.2 atom % In, and 8 atom % Sn. The melting point of the alloy is approximately 283 K [17]. We measured the interfacial tension between the Ga–In–Sn liquid eutectic alloy and

• . The surface energy of the eutectic Ga–In–Sn melt at the melting point has been reported to be 587 mN/m [21], while published values for SiOx, PtSi, and Au are = 53 mN/m [22], = 1150–1300 mN/m depending on its orientation [23], = 1710 mN/m [24]. These values lead to the following results for the

• each dZ/dt-values, the temperature dependence of γ was fitted with the linear function γ(T) = γm + κ(T – Tm), where γm is interfacial at the melting point, κ is the temperature sensitivity of γ, and Tm is the melting point of eutectic Ga–In–Sn melt. The values of γm and κ are also shown as a function

Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss,
• Daniel Schorr,
• Julia K. Metz,
• Metin Yildirim,
• Saeed Ahmad Khan and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68

• ]. Contrarily, nanoparticles composed of a lipid bilayer with cores of different crosslinking extent showed higher uptake of softer particles in MCF-7 cells, which was thought to be due to a melting process of particles with the cell membrane that consumed less energy than endocytosis [8]. Regarding the in vivo

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• increasing the electrode gap [54]. Due to the high voltage and the rapid local heating caused by the electrostatic discharge, the burning and melting electrode material will also affect the life cycles of the switch. Using AC voltage can reduce the need for high-temperature resistance of the electrodes. The

Effects of drug concentration and PLGA addition on the properties of electrospun ampicillin trihydrate-loaded PLA nanofibers

• Tuğba Eren Böncü and
• Nurten Ozdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 245–254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.19

• the polymers added to PLA. As a result, the hydrophobic antibiotic ampicillin trihydrate had the lowest burst effect and the slowest controlled release with PLA/PLGA nanofibers compared to that of PLA, PCL and PLA/PCL nanofibers. As shown in Figure 5, the absence of the melting endotherm peak at

Chemical vapor deposition of germanium-rich CrGe_x nanowires

• Vladislav Dřínek,
• Stanislav Tiagulskyi,
• Roman Yatskiv,
• Jan Grym,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Věra Jandová,
• Martin Koštejn and
• Jaroslav Kupčík

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1365–1371, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.100

• in mind that the melting point of nanodroplets may be reduced by hundreds of kelvins [19]. Tapering of the CrGex coating is observed during the whole experiment as Cr and Ge atoms migrate from the NW bottom and/or are transferred directly from the gas phase [20]. Several attempts were made to

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• (low-melting and normal) were purchased from Thermo Fischer Scientific and Hydra Gene Co., Ltd, respectively. Ethanol, trichloroacetic acid (TCA, 99%), trypan blue, fetal bovine serum (FBS, sterile filtered), orange G, sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 99%), and dibutylphthalate polystyrene xylene (DPX, research

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• physical and chemical impregnation, mechanical mixing and self-assembly. Straightforward approaches are sulfur melt and vapor impregnation of suitable matrices. These routes require heating to temperatures above the melting (115 °C) and boiling (446 °C) point of sulfur, respectively. While the former

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• melting points, which interact via hydrogen bond to form a fluid at room temperature with a freezing temperature much below that of the individual precursor components. These strong hydrogen bonds restrict the recrystallization of the parent compounds [72]. There are numerous reports on DESs from various