Noble metal-modified titania with visible-light activity for the decomposition of microorganisms

• Maya Endo,
• Zhishun Wei,
• Kunlei Wang,
• Baris Karabiyik,
• Kenta Yoshiiri,
• Paulina Rokicka,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Agata Markowska-Szczupak and
• Ewa Kowalska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 829–841, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.77

• photogenerated electrons on irradiated titania. To enable a efficient deposition of metals on titania, photodeposition was carried out in 50 vol % methanol as a hole scavenger and under anaerobic conditions to avoid electron scavenging by oxygen. To find the key factors of antimicrobial activity, various titania

• that both titania samples (ST01 and FP6) are highly active photocatalysts for various photocatalytic reactions, e.g., oxidative decomposition of acetic acid and dehydrogenation of methanol [72]. FP6 has larger crystals (smaller specific surface area), and thus its lower activity under irradiation is

• brief, TiO2 samples were suspended in a 50 vol % aqueous solution of methanol, to which either AgNO3 aqueous solution or HAuCl4·H2O aqueous solution was added, suspensions were purged with argon for 15 min, and irradiated with a 400 W mercury lamp in a thermostatic water bath at 298 K under stirring

Synthesis and characterization of two new TiO₂-containing benzothiazole-based imine composites for organic device applications

• Anna Różycka,
• Agnieszka Iwan,
• Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz,
• Michal Filapek,
• Natalia Górska,
• Damian Pociecha,
• Marek Malinowski,
• Patryk Fryń,
• Agnieszka Hreniak,
• Jakub Rysz,
• Paweł Dąbczyński and
• Monika Marzec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 721–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.67

• . The reaction was conducted in argon atmosphere and the condenser was fitted with a Dean–Stark trap. After cooling, the mixture was precipitated with 100 mL of ethanol. The crude product was washed three times with methanol (1500 mL) and then twice with acetone (800 mL) to remove unreacted monomers

Cyclodextrin-assisted synthesis of tailored mesoporous silica nanoparticles

• Fuat Topuz and
• Tamer Uyar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 693–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.64

• at 80 °C for 3 h. For the synthesis of pristine MSNs, the particles were synthesized without CD addition. The nanoparticles were later purified by washing with a mixed solution of acetic acid and methanol with a ratio of 1:3 to remove weakly adsorbed CDs and CTAC moieties from the surface and pores

Sensing behavior of flower-shaped MoS₂ nanoflakes: case study with methanol and xylene

• Maryam Barzegar,
• Masoud Berahman and
• Azam Iraji zad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 608–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.57

• using X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurements, elemental analysis using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The gas sensing characteristics were evaluated under exposure to various concentrations of xylene and methanol vapors

• . The results reveal higher sensitivity and shorter response times for methanol at temperatures below 200 °C toward 200 to 400 ppm gas concentrations. The sensing mechanisms for both gases are discussed based on simulation results using density functional theory and charge transfer. Keywords: density

• functional theory; gas sensor; hydrothermal method; methanol; MoS2 nanoflakes; xylene vapor; Introduction Recent efforts in exploring two-dimensional (2D) materials have led to the introduction of a new family of materials known as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), which show remarkable electrical

Single-step process to improve the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube yarn

• Maria Cecilia Evora,
• Xinyi Lu,
• Nitilaksha Hiremath,
• Nam-Goo Kang,
• Kunlun Hong,
• Roberto Uribe,
• Gajanan Bhat and
• Jimmy Mays

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 545–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.52

• instruments CNT yarn (produced through a proprietary process by the University of Cincinnati), acrylic acid (AA, Acros Organics, 98%), acrylonitrile (AN, Acros Organics, 99%), methanol (Fisher Chemicals, 99.8%), tetrahydrofuran (THF, Fisher Chemical, ACS reagent), iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4·7H2O

Design of polar self-assembling lactic acid derivatives possessing submicrometre helical pitch

• Alexej Bubnov,
• Cyril Vacek,
• Michał Czerwiński,
• Terezia Vojtylová,
• Wiktor Piecek and
• Věra Hamplová

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 333–341, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.33

• recrystallized from methanol. The molecular structure was checked for all synthesised compounds by 1H NMR spectra recorded on a Varian VNMRS 300 instrument, where deuteriochloroform (CDCl3) served as a solvent. The signal of the solvent was used as an internal standard. The purity of the final compounds was

• checked by HPLC analysis (high-pressure pump ECOM Alpha; column WATREX Biospher Si 100, 250 × 4 mm, 5 µm; detector WATREX UVD 250) and were found to be >99.8% with the mixture of 99.9% of toluene and 0.1% of methanol as an eluent using a UV–vis detector (λ = 290 nm). The optical rotation was measured in

BN/Ag hybrid nanomaterials with petal-like surfaces as catalysts and antibacterial agents

• Konstantin L. Firestein,
• Denis V. Leybo,
• Alexander E. Steinman,
• Andrey M. Kovalskii,
• Andrei T. Matveev,
• Anton M. Manakhov,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Pavel V. Slukin,
• Nadezda K. Fursova,
• Sergey G. Ignatov,
• Dmitri V. Golberg and
• Dmitry V. Shtansky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 250–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.27

• the CVD method. The best catalytic characteristics (100% methanol conversion at 350 °C) were achieved using the UV BN/Ag HNMs without preliminary annealing at 600 °C in an oxidizing atmosphere. Both types of the BN/Ag HNMs possess a profound antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli K-261 bacteria

• the temperature and environmental conditions during catalytic activity tests (without taking into account a reaction with methanol). For this, the UV BN/Ag HNMs samples were preliminary annealed in air at 600 °C for 1 h and then analyzed inside TEM during additional in situ heating (Figure 4c, d). No

• catalytic oxidation of methanol for both types of BN/Ag hybrid nanomaterials are presented in Figure 5a. Quartz pellets (curve 1) and raw BN NPs (curve 2) were used as the reference samples. The UV BN/Ag HNMs demonstrated much better catalytic activity (curve 4) in comparison to hybrid nanomaterials

Bombyx mori silk/titania/gold hybrid materials for photocatalytic water splitting: combining renewable raw materials with clean fuels

• Stefanie Krüger,
• Michael Schwarze,
• Otto Baumann,
• Christina Günter,
• Michael Bruns,
• Christian Kübel,
• Dorothée Vinga Szabó,
• Rafael Meinusch,
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 187–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.21

• authors also showed that methanol is the most efficient sacrificial agent when compared to isopropanol, glycerol, and glucose [25]. A further study by Jose et al. focused on the effect of TiO2 modification (anatase and/or rutile). These authors observed that TiO2 P25/Au mixed systems performed best in the

Dielectric properties of a bisimidazolium salt with dodecyl sulfate anion doped with carbon nanotubes

• Doina Manaila Maximean,
• Viorel Cîrcu and
• Constantin Paul Ganea

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 164–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.19

• instrument. The bisimidazolium salt was studied at a scanning rate of 10 K/min after being encapsulated in an aluminum pan. Three heating–cooling cycles were performed for this sample. Synthesis of [bisC8ImC10][C12OSO3]2 A solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (2.18 g, 7.5 mmol) in methanol (60 mL) was added

• ; region 3: high frequency. Conductivity as a function of the CNT concentration at three constant temperatures. Synthesis of bisimidazolium salt with dodecyl sulfate anion: (i) Br(CH2)10Br, NaH; (ii) C8H17Br, acetonitrile; (iii) C12H25OSO3Na, methanol/dichloromethane. DS characteristic constants for pure

Electron-driven and thermal chemistry during water-assisted purification of platinum nanomaterials generated by electron beam induced deposition

• Ziyan Warneke,
• Markus Rohdenburg,
• Jonas Warneke,
• Janina Kopyra and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 77–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.10

• , CO is produced during electron-driven degradation of methanol which is the smallest alcohol [35]. Alcohols, on the other hand, can be formed through electron-initiated reactions. This was demonstrated for a condensed mixture of ethylene (C2H4) and H2O [31]. Electron exposure initiated addition of H2O

Review on optofluidic microreactors for artificial photosynthesis

• Xiaowen Huang,
• Jianchun Wang,
• Tenghao Li,
• Jianmei Wang,
• Min Xu,
• Weixing Yu,
• Abdel El Abed and
• Xuming Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 30–41, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.5

• water splitting. As a renewable and nontoxic gas, hydrogen works not only as a clean fuel but also as a feedstock for important chemical production, such as ammonia and methanol. Similarly, light-driven CO2 reduction has great potential as a clean fuel supplier, especially for the production of methanol

• paper composite membrane for the photoreduction of CO2 [76], as shown in Figure 6. Using this device, they studied the factors that affected the methanol yield (such as flow rate, light intensity and catalyst loading) and obtained a high reduction result in comparison to the reported data. Other

• combination of g-C3N4 and electron mediator through π–π stacking, in addition to a significantly enhanced coenzyme regeneration rate [89]. Coenzyme regeneration is also of great importance in CO2 reduction with the help of enzymes. Formaldehyde dehydrogenase is a typical one that selectively achieves methanol

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• oleylamine-coated nanoparticles annealed at 200 °C [98]. In a different study from the same group, the authors prepared two inks of oleylamine-stabilized silver nanoparticles with core sizes of 5 and 12 nm. Dipping the printed nanoparticle films in methanol reduced the total weight of the oleylamine ligands

• . Dodecylamine-functionalized Ag NPs were printed on polymers and reached a conductivity of 1205 S/cm after sintering at 140 °C [126]. Metal-chalcogenide complexes are a carbon-free alternative to stabilize nanocrystals in polar solvents such as dimethylformamide or methanol. Their use avoids undesired carbon

Amplified cross-linking efficiency of self-assembled monolayers through targeted dissociative electron attachment for the production of carbon nanomembranes

• Sascha Koch,
• Christopher D. Kaiser,
• Paul Penner,
• Michael Barclay,
• Lena Frommeyer,
• Daniel Emmrich,
• Patrick Stohmann,
• Tarek Abu-Husein,
• Andreas Terfort,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Oddur Ingólfsson and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2562–2571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.256

• -chlorobenzene in case of 2-Cl-BPT) with the Grignard reagent of (4-bromophenyl)triisopropylsilylsulfide [42]. The removal of the protecting silyl group was performed with methanol/HCl under strict exclusion of air [43]. The resulting thiols were purified by repeated chromatography. Details on the preparation

Strategy to discover full-length amyloid-beta peptide ligands using high-efficiency microarray technology

• Clelia Galati,
• Natalia Spinella,
• Lucio Renna,
• Danilo Milardi,
• Francesco Attanasio,
• Michele Francesco Maria Sciacca and
• Corrado Bongiorno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2446–2453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.243

• our laboratory. Experimental Chemicals Phosphate-buffered saline, hydrogen peroxide (29%), ammonium hydroxide (25%), hydrochloric acid (37%), methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), anhydrous toluene and 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GOPs) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. Bovine serum albumin

Hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO quantum dot/KNb₃O₈ nanosheet photocatalysts for reducing carbon dioxide to methanol

• Xiao Shao,
• Weiyue Xin and
• Xiaohong Yin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2264–2270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.226

• , East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China 10.3762/bjnano.8.226 Abstract ZnO quantum dots and KNb3O8 nanosheets were synthesized by a two-step hydrothermal method for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to methanol where isopropanol is simultaneously oxidized to acetone

• materials was evaluated by formation rate of methanol under UV light irradiation at ambient temperature and pressure. The methanol formation rate of pure KNb3O8 nanosheets was found to be 1257.21 μmol/g/h, and after deposition of 2 wt % ZnO quantum dots on the surface of KNb3O8 nanosheets, the methanol

• production rate was found to increase to 1539.77 μmol/g/h. Thus, the ZnO quantum dots obviously prompted separation of charge carriers, which was explained by a proposed mechanism for this photocatalytic reaction. Keywords: CO2 reduction; KNb3O8 nanosheets; methanol production; photocatalysis; ZnO quantum

High-stress study of bioinspired multifunctional PEDOT:PSS/nanoclay nanocomposites using AFM, SEM and numerical simulation

• Alfredo J. Diaz,
• Hanaul Noh,
• Tobias Meier and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2069–2082, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.207

• . PEDOT:PSS is a polymer blend in which PEDOT is conductive, hydrophobic and positively charged, and PSS is hydrophilic and charged negatively. The post-treatments take advantage of the polymers’ properties to modify the structure. When ions from concentrated sulfuric acid [45] or methanol (hydrophilic [44

Fabrication of carbon nanospheres by the pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile–poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell composite nanoparticles

• Dafu Wei,
• Youwei Zhang and
• Jinping Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1897–1908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.190

• . Methyl methacrylate (MMA) was distilled at a reduced pressure before use to remove the inhibitor. Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and methylene blue (MB) were used without further purification. 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was used as the initiator and purified via recrystallization in methanol

Carbon nano-onions as fluorescent on/off modulated nanoprobes for diagnostics

• Stefania Lettieri,
• Marta d’Amora,
• Adalberto Camisasca,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1878–1888, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.188

• h. The oxi-CNOs were separated from the reaction mixture by centrifugation (15 min at 1800 rpm) and filtered off on a nylon filter membrane (pore size 0.2 µm) and washed with dH2O, DMF, methanol and acetone. After drying overnight at RT, 51.2 mg of oxi-CNOs were obtained as a black powder. fluo-CNOs

Self-assembly of chiral fluorescent nanoparticles based on water-soluble L-tryptophan derivatives of p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene

• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Irina A. Khripunova,
• Olga A. Mostovaya,
• Timur A. Mukhametzyanov,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Vyacheslav V. Vorobev,
• Yuri N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1825–1835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.184

• (within 7 days) the values of polydispersity and hydrodynamic diameter of particles in solutions of the thiacalixarenes 8–11 did not change. This also indicates the high stability of these systems. It should be noted that the replacement of water with methanol does not lead to the formation of aggregates

• in methanol (Figure 4, Supporting Information File 1, Figure S29). It turned out that the emission maxima are close for all compounds in methanol, which indicates the absence of excimer formation. Perhaps this is due to the fact that in water, as a more polar solvent (dielectric constant 78.36

• ) compared with methanol (32.66) [54], a complex with water is formed, leading to ionization of the indole [55][56][57]. As a result, the interaction between the ionized and neutral indole fragments in the macrocycle is enhanced, which leads to the formation of an excimer. Methanol, a less polar solvent

Synthesis and functionalization of NaGdF₄:Yb,Er@NaGdF₄ core–shell nanoparticles for possible application as multimodal contrast agents

• Dovile Baziulyte-Paulaviciene,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas,
• Marius Stasys,
• Greta Jarockyte,
• Vilius Poderys,
• Simas Sakirzanovas and
• Ricardas Rotomskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1815–1824, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.183

• -octadecene (ODE, 90%) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Tween 80 (polysorbate 80) was purchased from Merck Millipore. Other chemicals including hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, ammonium fluoride, methanol, chloroform, cyclohexane and acetone were obtained from Reachem Slovakia. Synthesis of core β-NaGdF4

• solution. Metal chlorides were mixed with 12 mL oleic acid (OA) and 30 mL 1-octadecene (ODE) in three-neck round-bottom flask and then heated to 150 °C for 40 min. 10 mL of methanol solution containing NaOH (5 mmol) and NH4F (8 mmol) was slowly introduced and the solution was stirred at 50 °C for 30 min

• . After the methanol was evaporated, the solution was heated to 300 °C for 1 h under argon atmosphere. The resultant nanoparticles were precipitated by hexane/acetone (1:4 v/v), collected by centrifugation, washed with acetone and DI water several times, and finally redispersed in cyclohexane. Synthesis

Group-13 and group-15 doping of germanane

• Nicholas D. Cultrara,
• Maxx Q. Arguilla,
• Shishi Jiang,
• Chuanchuan Sun,
• Michael R. Scudder,
• R. Dominic Ross and
• Joshua E. Goldberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1642–1648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.164

• products were first rinsed with deionized water followed by rinsing with methanol, three times each. The crystals were collected via slow centrifugation and subsequently dried in vacuum. The structure of doped GeH was confirmed using capilary X-ray diffraction using Cu Kα1 radiation (λ = 1.54 nm) on a

Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications

• Suneel Kumar,
• Ashish Kumar,
• Ashish Bahuguna,
• Vipul Sharma and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1571–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.159

• (methanol, ethanol, sodium sulphide, sodium sulphite, etc.) are always employed in photocatalytic water splitting reactions to scavenge holes and hence suppress photogenerated charge recombination effectively. When graphene-based nanocomposites are used as photocatalysts for energy generation through the

• of water splitting with GO as a photocatalyst, using methanol as hole scavenger, can be summarized as [107], Eda et al. have investigated the insulator → semiconductor → semimetal transition in RGO with degree of reduction [111]. They found that the energy gap even approaches zero with the extensive

• . Feng et al. reported novel CdS quantum dot (QDs) coupled with g-C3N4 photocatalysts by a chemical impregnation method [16]. The reported photocatalyst was used for visible-light-based H2 evolution from an aqueous methanol solution with Pt as a cocatalyst. The effect of CdS loading was optimized to be

Low-temperature CO oxidation over Cu/Pt co-doped ZrO₂ nanoparticles synthesized by solution combustion

• Amit Singhania and
• Shipra Mital Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1546–1552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.156

• , cigarettes, proton-exchange membrane fuel cells, air purifiers, methanol production and water-gas shift reaction [1][2][3][4]. The catalytic oxidation of CO was revolutionized by Haruta et al. [5]. They worked on supported nanogold catalysts and found them to be highly active for CO oxidation. Till date

Development of polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery

• Gamze Varan,
• Juan M. Benito,
• Carmen Ortiz Mellet and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1457–1468, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.145

• in the range between 75 to 400 nm for different solvents, and ethanol gives the smallest diameter for all CD nanoparticles. The effect of organic solvent selection on nanoparticle diameter was found to follow the order of methanol > acetone > ethanol for 6OCaproβCD nanoparticles and CS-6OCaproβCD

• nanoparticles, and acetone > methanol > ethanol for PC βCDC6 nanoparticles. It is worth noting that ethanol also gave the most monodisperse particles with an acceptable polydispersity index (<0.2) (Table 1). As expected, the core–shell nanoparticles CS-6OCaproβCD had the largest size due to the chitosan coating

• difference between the other solvents/water, and the smallest particle size is obtained in the formulation using ethanol [30]. In another study, Khan et al. prepared gelatine nanoparticles by the nanoprecipitation technique with different organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, n-propanol and

Low uptake of silica nanoparticles in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barriers

• Dong Ye,
• Mattia Bramini,
• Delyan R. Hristov,
• Sha Wan,
• Anna Salvati,
• Christoffer Åberg and
• Kenneth A. Dawson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1396–1406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.141

• . Caco-2 cells were fixed and permeabilised with methanol for 4 min at −20 °C and then carefully washed with PBS three times. Antibody unspecific binding was prevented by treating the cells with a blocking buffer of 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA)-Tween PBS for 30 min (Tween 0.05%, v/v). To stain the