Calcium fluoride based multifunctional nanoparticles for multimodal imaging

• Marion Straßer,
• Joachim H. X. Schrauth,
• Sofia Dembski,
• Daniel Haddad,
• Bernd Ahrens,
• Stefan Schweizer,
• Bastian Christ,
• Alevtina Cubukova,
• Marco Metzger,
• Heike Walles,
• Peter M. Jakob and
• Gerhard Sextl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1484–1493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.148

• , Germany Fraunhofer Application Center for Inorganic Phosphors, Branch Lab of Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Luebecker Ring 2, 59494 Soest, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.8.148 Abstract New multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) that can be used as contrast agents (CA) in

• nanoparticles; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); multifunctional nanoparticles; multimodal imaging; photoluminescence; Introduction In recent years, medical imaging has become an important approach in the fields of diagnostics, therapy and regenerative medicine. Besides the classical technology of X-ray

• is to create multifunctional NPs by precipitation and simultaneous doping of the NP matrix with various ions [8][9]. Due to their co-doping with lanthanide ions, NPs on the basis of calcium phosphate or gadolinium oxide are also detectable by MRI and PL [10][11][12][13]. In recent years, fluorides

Micro- and nano-surface structures based on vapor-deposited polymers

• Hsien-Yeh Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1366–1374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.138

• have recently attracted considerable attention. The multifunctional, gradient, and/or synergistic activities of using such interfaces are also discussed. Finally, an emerging discovery of selective deposition of polymer coatings and the bottom-up patterning approach by using the selective deposition

• technology is demonstrated. Keywords: multifunctional; polymer coating; surface modification; surface patterning; vapor deposition; Review Introduction Vapor-based processes of polymer coating/deposition combine many unique attributes in a dry, solvent-free process, and the deposition protocols as well as

• flat substrates or 3D complex substrates. Next, the creation of multiple or gradient structures/patterns on the polymers provides an interfacial template with multifunctional reactivity and gradient information for multifunctional or directional activities. Then, the emerging discovery of the selective

A top-down approach for fabricating three-dimensional closed hollow nanostructures with permeable thin metal walls

• Carlos Angulo Barrios and
• Víctor Canalejas-Tejero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1231–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.124

• is typically required to create integrated systems based on multifunctional devices on a chip. For the latter purpose, top-down approaches based on fabrication methods used in the microelectronics industry are particularly well-suited because of the patterning design flexibility and controllability

Ultrasmall magnetic field-effect and sign reversal in transistors based on donor/acceptor systems

• Thomas Reichert and
• Tobat P. I. Saragi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1104–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.112

• the way towards efficient, multifunctional organic spin-devices. Experimental Bottom-contact field-effect transistor substrates were purchased from Fraunhofer IPMS (Dresden, Germany) with channel lengths (L) between 2.5 and 20 µm and channel width (W) of 10 mm. The isolation layer consists of 230 ± 10

Recombinant DNA technology and click chemistry: a powerful combination for generating a hybrid elastin-like-statherin hydrogel to control calcium phosphate mineralization

• Mohamed Hamed Misbah,
• Mercedes Santos,
• Luis Quintanilla,
• Christina Günter,
• Matilde Alonso,
• Andreas Taubert and
• José Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 772–783, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.80

• advanced multifunctional materials. The generation of such multifunctional hybrid materials depends on the properties of their counterparts and the way in which they are assembled. The success of this assembly depends on the different approaches used, such as recombinant DNA technology and click chemistry

• data show an increase in the Ca/P ratio with increasing reaction time, irrespective of the type of hydrogel used for mineralization. Discussion The combination of two or more materials can give rise to the formation of a multifunctional hybrid system with properties superior to those of each component

Vapor deposition routes to conformal polymer thin films

• Priya Moni,
• Ahmed Al-Obeidi and
• Karen K. Gleason

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 723–735, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.76

• CVD both in conformality and functional group retention for the deposition of conformal sensing molecules on microfluidic devices [30]. This concept was later used to enable PDMS-free microfluidic devices for oxygen-free flow-lithography, a process that can generate multifunctional micro and nano

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

Methods for preparing polymer-decorated single exchange-biased magnetic nanoparticles for application in flexible polymer-based films

• Laurence Ourry,
• Delphine Toulemon,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 408–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.43

• Polymer-based hybrid materials are opening the way for engineering new, multifunctional, flexible materials exhibiting novel properties (e.g., mechanical, magnetic, electrical, optical) due to the synergy between the two components, polymer and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) [1]. In the case of magnetic

Tailoring bifunctional hybrid organic–inorganic nanoadsorbents by the choice of functional layer composition probed by adsorption of Cu²⁺ ions

• Veronika V. Tomina,
• Inna V. Melnyk,
• Yuriy L. Zub,
• Aivaras Kareiva,
• Miroslava Vaclavikova,
• Gulaim A. Seisenbaeva and
• Vadim G. Kessler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 334–347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.36

• ; Introduction Materials with bi- or multifunctional surface layers have been of considerable interest in the recent years [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Such materials possess, undoubtedly, certain advantages over the materials with monofunctional coatings. For example, multifunctional drug-delivery

• agents may have functionalities ensuring their transportation to the desired target after introduction in the human body, whereas the functionalities of a different nature exert their, e.g., therapeutic effect [12]. Moreover, the creation of a multifunctional surface layer is an instrument for the subtle

Template-controlled piezoactivity of ZnO thin films grown via a bioinspired approach

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Fabian Streb,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Zaklina Burghard and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 296–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.32

• templates with different functionalities [25][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] or to change the roughness of the growing films [36]. The principle of these methods was adapted from nature where multifunctional materials are produced under ambient conditions. Mollusks for example produce the organic/inorganic

A new approach to grain boundary engineering for nanocrystalline materials

• Shigeaki Kobayashi,
• Sadahiro Tsurekawa and
• Tadao Watanabe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1829–1849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.176

• nanocrystalline materials, as well as ordinary polycrystalline materials. Accordingly, it is reasonable to consider that the GBE approach that the authors of this work have been deeply involved so far should become of increasing importance in the development of high performance and multifunctional nanocrystalline

Antitumor magnetic hyperthermia induced by RGD-functionalized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, in an experimental model of colorectal liver metastases

• Oihane K. Arriortua,
• Eneko Garaio,
• Borja Herrero de la Parte,
• Maite Insausti,
• Luis Lezama,
• Fernando Plazaola,
• Jose Angel García,
• Jesús M. Aizpurua,
• Maialen Sagartzazu,
• Mireia Irazola,
• Nestor Etxebarria,
• Ignacio García-Alonso,
• Alberto Saiz-López and
• José Javier Echevarria-Uraga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1532–1542, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.147

• applicability toward diverse substrates is “click chemistry” [29][30]. Moreover, multistep reactions could be shortened by combining click chemistry with other conventional bioconjugation methods. Such strategies are commonly involved in the preparation of multifunctional nano-biohybrids with the advantage of

Viability and proliferation of endothelial cells upon exposure to GaN nanoparticles

• Tudor Braniste,
• Ion Tiginyanu,
• Tibor Horvath,
• Simion Raevschi,
• Serghei Cebotari,
• Marco Lux,
• Axel Haverich and
• Andres Hilfiker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1330–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.124

• multifunctional and hybrid “smart materials” for biological and medical applications is of paramount importance [1]. Biomaterial research is closely associated with the development of chemical/biochemical sensors, hydrogels, membranes, and artificial organs, and is utilized in applications such as the recognition

Functional diversity of resilin in Arthropoda

• Jan Michels,
• Esther Appel and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1241–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.115

• that are typically thin, non-sclerotised and very flexible. Such membranes often are multifunctional units. The soft cuticles of caterpillars, for example, have a combination of both a protective and a locomotory role, which is reflected in their ultrastructural architecture [58]. The main functions of

Fast diffusion of silver in TiO₂ nanotube arrays

• Wanggang Zhang,
• Yiming Liu,
• Diaoyu Zhou,
• Hui Wang,
• Wei Liang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1129–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.105

• magnetron sputtering in a multifunctional magnetron sputtering instrument (JGP560B), using an Ag target. Argon gas was flowed into the sputtering chamber after the pressure of the sputtering chamber reached 8 × 10−4 Pa. The surface residuals were removed via pre-sputtering. During the sputtering, argon gas

Finite-size effect on the dynamic and sensing performances of graphene resonators: the role of edge stress

• Chang-Wan Kim,
• Mai Duc Dai and
• Kilho Eom

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 685–696, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.61

• [12][13] properties, which imply that graphene can be used for developing a multifunctional NEMS device. For instance, a monolayer graphene sheet has recently been reported to exhibit a high elastic modulus of the order of 1 TPa [14][15][16], which is much larger than that of conventional engineering

Novel roles for well-known players: from tobacco mosaic virus pests to enzymatically active assemblies

• Claudia Koch,
• Fabian J. Eber,
• Carlos Azucena,
• Alexander Förste,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Alexander M. Bittner,
• Holger Jeske,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Fania C. Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 613–629, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.54

• the evolutionary roles and individual capacities of distinct viruses, and the mutual interactions between virus populations and communities ('viromes'), hosts and their environments. Concurrently, remarkable progress has been made in the investigation of natural multifunctional complexes, and the

Nanostructured surfaces by supramolecular self-assembly of linear oligosilsesquioxanes with biocompatible side groups

• Maria Nowacka,
• Anna Kowalewska and
• Tomasz Makowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2377–2387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.244

• -COOH/X coated on primed mica The surface free energy measurements (Figure 10) proved the proposed model of adsorption of NAC, CA and TG (Scheme 2) by ionic interactions of COOH substituents with K+ ions on the surface of mica. Such an arrangement of the multifunctional primers exposes reactive polar

Template-controlled mineralization: Determining film granularity and structure by surface functionality patterns

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Jonathan Berson,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Johannes Baier,
• Joachim Bill and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1763–1768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.180

• ”. The support within the scope of the DFG priority program 1569 “Generation of multifunctional inorganic materials by molecular bionics” is also gratefully acknowledged.

Towards multifunctional inorganic materials: biopolymeric templates

• Claudia Steinem and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1698–1699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.172

• multifunctional properties may be severely limited because of the mismatch between the thermal expansion coefficients of the different components. This is also an issue in the combination of inorganic components with temperature sensitive materials, which is limited or even impossible. In contrast to the

• multifunctional features and an expanded spectrum of properties as compared to those of the pure inorganic components. Although the composition of biominerals comprises only a limited number of chemical elements, the principles of biomineralization and the obtained structures can be considered archetypes for the

• generation of inorganic functional materials not found in living nature. This highly topical research field is currently drawing worldwide attention and is a main subject of the Priority Program 1569, “Generation of multifunctional inorganic materials by molecular bionics”, of the Deutsche

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility study of Au/TMC/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites as a promising, nontoxic system for biomedical applications

• Hanieh Shirazi,
• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Soheila Kashanian and
• Kobra Omidfar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1677–1689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.170

• , suggesting that replacement with TMC might overcome some of the limitations of chitosan (and even other polymers). Considering its biocompatible and nontoxic properties, the Au/TMC/Fe3O4 nanocomposite developed herein could be promisingly employed as a multifunctional platform for biomedical applications

Natural and artificial binders of polyriboadenylic acid and their effect on RNA structure

• Giovanni N. Roviello,
• Domenica Musumeci,
• Valentina Roviello,
• Marina Pirtskhalava,
• Alexander Egoyan and
• Merab Mirtskhulava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1338–1347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.138

• ribosomal subunit (Figure 1) [11]. Regarding the poly(rA) tail length, it is influenced by the deposition onto mRNAs of nucleophosmin [12], a multifunctional protein able to recognize G-quadruplex-forming nucleic acids [13], whose overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer [14

High photocatalytic activity of V-doped SrTiO₃ porous nanofibers produced from a combined electrospinning and thermal diffusion process

• Panpan Jing,
• Wei Lan,
• Qing Su and
• Erqing Xie

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1281–1286, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.132

• metal ions [8][9][10][11], such as Ti4+, Zr4+, Ta5+, Nb5+ and V5+, as well as the development of new photocatalysts. Strontium titanate (SrTiO3), an important multifunctional semiconductor, has been applied in photocatalysis technology for water splitting and organic contaminant degradation [12][13

Microwave assisted synthesis and characterisation of a zinc oxide/tobacco mosaic virus hybrid material. An active hybrid semiconductor in a field-effect transistor device

• Shawn Sanctis,
• Rudolf C. Hoffmann,
• Sabine Eiben and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 785–791, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.81

• defined functional properties [1][2][3]. Significant interest has been dedicated to the generation of multifunctional devices by employing a unique combination of functional biological molecules and inorganic materials. The use of biological building blocks at the nanoscale include DNA, peptides

Morphological and structural characterization of single-crystal ZnO nanorod arrays on flexible and non-flexible substrates

• Omar F. Farhat,
• Mohd M. Halim,
• Mat J. Abdullah,
• Mohammed K. M. Ali and
• Nageh K. Allam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 720–725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.73

• realized by adjusting the synthesis conditions. Keywords: chemical bath deposition (CBD); nanorods; Raman; XRD; ZnO; Introduction Metal oxides are multifunctional materials with a wide range of applications encompassing photonic devices, high-K dielectrics, sensors, implants, and solar cells [1][2]. It