A few-layer graphene/chlorin e6 hybrid nanomaterial and its application in photodynamic therapy against Candida albicans

• Selene Acosta,
• Carlos Moreno-Aguilar,
• Dania Hernández-Sánchez,
• Beatriz Morales-Cruzado,
• Erick Sarmiento-Gomez,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Luis Octavio Sánchez-Vargas and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1054–1061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.90

• the global health care sector. There is an urgent need to develop noninvasive, nontoxic, and new antinosocomial approaches that work more effectively and faster than current antibiotics. In this work, we report on a biocompatible hybrid nanomaterial composed of few-layer graphene and chlorin e6 (FLG

• -Ce6) for the photodynamic treatment (PDT) of Candida albicans. We show that the FLG-Ce6 hybrid nanomaterial displays enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation compared with Ce6. The enhancement is up to 5-fold when irradiated for 15 min at 632 nm with a red light-emitting diode (LED). The

• nanomaterial. An increased PDT effect was observed with the FLG-Ce6 hybrid nanomaterial by a significant reduction in the viability of C. albicans, by up to 95%. This is a marked improvement compared to Ce6 without FLG, which reduces the viability of C. albicans to only 10%. The antifungal action of the hybrid

A novel dry-blending method to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion of polymer templates for OTFT electrodes

• Xiangdong Ye,
• Bo Tian,
• Yuxuan Guo,
• Fan Fan and
• Anjiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 671–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.53

• aligned [7]. However, the polymer template has a high coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), resulting in alignment deviations of the OTFT electrodes [8][9]. Currently, one of the measures to reduce the CTE of polymer templates is wet blending, in which the low-CTE nanomaterial is directly incorporated

• the EPI to prepare a polyimide–silica hybrid film having a low CTE. However, because of the poor dispersion of the nanomaterial and the high viscosity of the polymer during wet blending [17][18], the nanomaterial content in the composites is usually low, which causes the CTE of the polymer template to

• remain high [19]. Hence, we propose a novel dry-blending method, in which the nanomaterial is filled into the grooves of a patterned template first, and then the liquid polymer is poured on the template. As the polymer will permeate into the gaps of the nanomaterial to form the composite, the resultant

Interactions at the cell membrane and pathways of internalization of nano-sized materials for nanomedicine

• Valentina Francia,
• Daphne Montizaan and
• Anna Salvati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 338–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.25

• receptors, and the subsequent mechanisms cells use to internalize them. The factors affecting these initial events are discussed. Then, we briefly describe the different pathways of endocytosis in cells and illustrate with some examples the challenges in understanding how nanomaterial properties, such as

• of cellular internalization, i.e., endocytosis. Then, examples of works trying to understand how nanomaterial properties affect the mechanisms of uptake by cells are presented to illustrate the complexity of outcomes observed and the difficulties in drawing conclusions. 2.1 Pathways of endocytosis in

• -polylactic acid particles entered, at least partially, by clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis [143]. It is important to mention that many studies investigating the effect of charge or other nanomaterial properties on cellular interactions were performed in the absence of proteins from

Using gold nanoparticles to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms: toward liquid biopsy

• María Sanromán Iglesias and
• Marek Grzelczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 263–284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.20

• offers an unprecedented sensitivity in native physiological media. Coupling these nanomaterial-based systems with enzymatic reactions can further increase the sensitivity and selectivity of a given sensor, leading to a scenario in which a tiny structural alteration of a biomolecule can be detected within

High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor made of NiMoO₄ nanorods@Co₃O₄ on a cellulose-based carbon aerogel

• Meixia Wang,
• Jing Zhang,
• Xibin Yi,
• Benxue Liu,
• Xinfu Zhao and
• Xiaochan Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 240–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.18

• characteristic reflections from CA and NiMoO4, the XRD pattern of Co3O4 is in good agreement with the standard pattern (JCPDS No.42-1467). The intensity of the diffraction peaks of CA and NiMoO4 in the XRD pattern of NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA is reduced due to the ZIF-67 cover on the surface of the NiMoO4/CA nanomaterial

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• compared to ssDNA. The selection of the correct base pairing sequence and order enabled the assembly of DNA with balanced rigidity and flexibility within the nanomaterial systems. The maintenance of an exact stoichiometry and long annealing period were the major criteria to achieve defect-free

Advanced hybrid nanomaterials

• Andreas Taubert,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2563–2567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.247

• , including double targeting, are also highlighted in several articles. Among others, nanoparticles are often used as specific agents in dual therapy and diagnostics (i.e., theranostics). In “Size-selected Fe3O4–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics”, a Fe3O4–Au hybrid nanomaterial

Synthesis and acetone sensing properties of ZnFe₂O₄/rGO gas sensors

• Kaidi Wu,
• Yifan Luo,
• Ying Li and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2516–2526, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.242

• have the structure of hollow spheres. Furthermore, with increasing rGO content in the ZnFe2O4/rGO nanomaterial, the surface of the ZnFe2O4 spheres becomes more regular and smooth, which is consistent with the FESEM images. A further analysis of the nanostructure of the ZnFe2O4/rGO sample with 0.5 wt

Small protein sequences can induce cellular uptake of complex nanohybrids

• Jan-Philip Merkl,
• Malak Safi,
• Christian Schmidtke,
• Fadi Aldeek,
• Johannes Ostermann,
• Tatiana Domitrovic,
• Sebastian Gärtner,
• John E. Johnson,
• Horst Weller and
• Hedi Mattoussi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2477–2482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.238

• nanostructures made of more than one component nanomaterial, combined with biomolecules is a highly sought goal in biomedical science, and can find applications in multimodal imaging and therapeutics [1][2]. Although interest in developing such hybrid nanostructures by, for example, combining plasmonic and

pH-Controlled fluorescence switching in water-dispersed polymer brushes grafted to modified boron nitride nanotubes for cellular imaging

• Saban Kalay,
• Yurij Stetsyshyn,
• Volodymyr Donchak,
• Khrystyna Harhay,
• Ostap Lishchynskyi,
• Halyna Ohar,
• Yuriy Panchenko,
• Stanislav Voronov and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2428–2439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.233

• oligoperoxide-functionalized BNNTs. With this procedure, we have created a hybrid nanomaterial for cellular imaging based on BNNTs and grafted brushes of pH-responsive fluorescent copolymer poly(acrylic acid-co-fluorescein acrylate) – P(AA-co-FA). The functionalization of BNNTs was studied with

• the excitation and emission wavelengths were selected at 490 nm and 520 nm, respectively, and the fluorescently labeled nanomaterial was viewed. Ultraviolet–visible spectrometry (UV–vis) The optical absorption spectra of the BNNT suspension were registered on a double-beam UV–vis spectrophotometer

• the nanomaterial were assumed to be 2.0 and 1.500, respectively. All size and zeta potential measurements were carried out in triplicate. All data were analyzed by using Malvern Instrument DST 5.00 software. 1 mg of sample was suspended in 1 mL of distilled water and sonicated for 2–10 min. After the

Multiwalled carbon nanotube based aromatic volatile organic compound sensor: sensitivity enhancement through 1-hexadecanethiol functionalisation

• Nadra Bohli,
• Meryem Belkilani,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2364–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.227

• correlated to the active sensing film/material used. Various nanomaterial-based gas sensors have been investigated to monitor the presence of aromatic VOCs. The ones mainly studied are based on metal oxides, carbon nanotubes, graphene and hybrid materials [5][6]. Carbon nanotube based gas sensors (e.g

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• mixing nitrogen-containing compounds such as pyridine into the original solution of the carbon nanoring molecule. The prepared nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets exhibited a higher electrical conductivity than the non-doped ones did. It should be noted that these nanomaterial fabrications can be conducted

Development of a new hybrid approach combining AFM and SEM for the nanoparticle dimensional metrology

• Loïc Crouzier,
• Alexandra Delvallée,
• Sébastien Ducourtieux,
• Laurent Devoille,
• Guillaume Noircler,
• Christian Ulysse,
• Olivier Taché,
• Elodie Barruet,
• Christophe Tromas and
• Nicolas Feltin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1523–1536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.150

• depend on the chemical composition? Influence of the NP chemical composition on the AFM/SEM measurements In order to determine the influence of the physico-chemical properties of the nanomaterial on AFM and SEM measurements, NPs with very different chemical compositions and mechanical properties compared

Magnetic segregation effect in liquid crystals doped with carbon nanotubes

• Danil A. Petrov,
• Pavel K. Skokov,
• Alexander N. Zakhlevnykh and
• Dmitriy V. Makarov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1464–1474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.145

• ratio the physical properties of this carbon nanomaterial vary greatly in different directions. In this sense, the anisotropic properties of CNTs (for example, thermal and electrical conductivities) are attractive for a wide range of applications, including nanoelectronics and optics [2]. A distinctive

A highly efficient porous rod-like Ce-doped ZnO photocatalyst for the degradation of dye contaminants in water

• Binjing Hu,
• Qiang Sun,
• Chengyi Zuo,
• Yunxin Pei,
• Siwei Yang,
• Hui Zheng and
• Fangming Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1157–1165, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.115

• into the solution of Zn(OAc)2·2H2O. After stirring at room temperature for 12 h, the white precipitate (ZIF-8) was centrifuged and washed thoroughly with MeOH and dried at 60 °C for 1 h [40]. After calcination at 500 °C for 3 h, the zinc oxide micro–nanomaterial was obtained. Synthesis of CZO For the

Tailoring the stability/aggregation of one-dimensional TiO₂(B)/titanate nanowires using surfactants

• Atiđa Selmani,
• Johannes Lützenkirchen,
• Kristina Kučanda,
• Dario Dabić,
• Engelbert Redel,
• Ida Delač Marion,
• Damir Kralj,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin and
• Maja Dutour Sikirić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1024–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.103

• application of TNMs has spurred numerous discussions and investigations concerning their behavior, transport and fate in aqueous environments [11][12]. The aggregation behavior, that is, the stability of nanomaterial (NM) dispersions in general, is one of the key factors for their successful application

Correlation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with the surface density of gold nanoparticles: evaluation of the critical number of SERS tags for a detectable signal

• Vincenzo Amendola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1016–1023, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.102

• immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests, but the analyte may also be naturally immobilized on a surface, such as an antigen overexpressed in cancerous cell membrane [20][21][22]. SERS labels are also useful to probe the uptake of nanomaterial inside living cells [23][24][25][26]. There are many advantages connected

Structural and optical properties of penicillamine-protected gold nanocluster fractions separated by sequential size-selective fractionation

• Xiupei Yang,
• Zhengli Yang,
• Fenglin Tang,
• Jing Xu,
• Maoxue Zhang and
• Martin M. F. Choi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 955–966, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.96

• common method that has been used to the size fraction nanomaterial dispersions such as CdS and CdSe. However, this method has been mainly carried out to separate water-insoluble nanoparticles from organic solvents. On the other hand, it is also understood that the photophysical, electrochemical and other

Self-assembly and wetting properties of gold nanorod–CTAB molecules on HOPG

• Imtiaz Ahmad,
• Floor Derkink,
• Tim Boulogne,
• Pantelis Bampoulis,
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet,
• Hidayat Ullah Khan,
• Rahim Jan and
• E. Stefan Kooij

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 696–705, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.69

• . Although these materials show significant optical and electronic properties [1][2][3], the structural correlation between the deposited nanomaterial and where they are deposited on the surface is also of fundamental importance [4][5][6][7]. Additionally, owing to its simplicity, versatility and low cost

A carrier velocity model for electrical detection of gas molecules

• Ali Hosseingholi Pourasl,
• Sharifah Hafizah Syed Ariffin,
• Mohammad Taghi Ahmadi,
• Razali Ismail and
• Niayesh Gharaei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 644–653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.64

• Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia 10.3762/bjnano.10.64 Abstract Nanomaterial-based sensors with high sensitivity, fast response and recovery time, large detection range, and high chemical stability are in immense demand for the detection of hazardous gas molecules

Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors

• Juan Casanova-Cháfer,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 565–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.58

• were most responsive to nitrogen dioxide and ethanol vapors, even in the presence of ambient humidity. In particular, this nanomaterial was about eight times more sensitive to nitrogen dioxide than bare Au-decorated carbon nanotubes when operated at room temperature. This response enhancement is

• gas sensitive nanomaterial to higher temperatures [3] or to irradiate the sensor employing ultraviolet (UV) light, in order to promote surface cleaning. Despite these efforts, sometimes CNTs present irreversible resistance changes due to the chemisorption of gas molecules. In addition, other problems

Development of an anti-pollution coating process technology for the application of an on-site PV module

• Sejin Jung,
• Wonseok Choi,
• Jung Hyun Kim and
• Jang Myoun Ko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 332–336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.32

• modification. Before applying the coating technology to PV modules, glass substrates for PV modules were coated with a hydrophilic silica-based eco-friendly nanomaterial, and the coating films were thermally annealed using either a furnace, RTA or a torch. The annealing treatment that uses a torch was applied

Study of silica-based intrinsically emitting nanoparticles produced by an excimer laser

• Imène Reghioua,
• Mattia Fanetti,
• Sylvain Girard,
• Diego Di Francesca,
• Simonpietro Agnello,
• Layla Martin-Samos,
• Marco Cannas,
• Matjaz Valant,
• Melanie Raine,
• Marc Gaillardin,
• Nicolas Richard,
• Philippe Paillet,
• Aziz Boukenter,
• Youcef Ouerdane and
• Antonino Alessi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 211–221, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.19

• nanoparticles can be performed using both top-down and bottom-up procedures [12]. In the first case, the procedure starts from bulk materials to obtain nanoparticles, whereas in the second case, the procedure starts from atoms and often follows a chemical procedure to build up the nanomaterial. In this paper

Surface plasmon resonance enhancement of photoluminescence intensity and bioimaging application of gold nanorod@CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

• Siyi Hu,
• Yu Ren,
• Yue Wang,
• Jinhua Li,
• Junle Qu,
• Liwei Liu,
• Hanbin Ma and
• Yuguo Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.3

• contributed to an enhanced lifetime. To make this multifunctional nanomaterial more biocompatible and specific to the cancer cell, we conjugated the FA with GNR@CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles. Firstly, we performed a colloidal stability study in which their hydrodynamic sizes were monitored using the dynamic light

• GNR@CdSe/ZnS@FA is better than CdSe/ZnS@FA, the in vitro imaging results confirm that these nanoparticles are suitable to be used for near-infrared imaging and cancer therapy. Conclusion We have developed a multifunctional nanomaterial GNR@CdSe/ZnS and enhanced the PL intensity using the surface

• plasmon resonance of GNRs. The experimental results correlated well with the theoretical simulation. The results of the biological detection study indicated that this nanomaterial is biocompatible and that there is significant PL signal for cell imaging. This research is promising for future nanophotonics

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• Standardization, has defined nanoscale as a size range from approximately 1 to 100 nm. A nanomaterial is defined as a material (natural, incidental or manufactured) containing particles, in an unbound state, or as an aggregate (object composed of strongly or fused bounded particles), or as an agglomerate