Influence of wide band gap oxide substrates on the photoelectrochemical properties and structural disorder of CdS nanoparticles grown by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method

• Mikalai V. Malashchonak,
• Alexander V. Mazanik,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Еugene А. Streltsov and
• Anatoly I. Kulak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2252–2262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.231

• to attain рН 8. The indium hydroxide precipitate was carefully washed with distilled water and sonicated after adding of 1.5 mL of concentrated nitric acid (65%) as a stabilizer per 50 mL of sol. The obtained In(OH)3 sol with a concentration of 200 g/L was mixed with a Pluronic F127 block copolymer

Formation of substrate-based gold nanocage chains through dealloying with nitric acid

• Ziren Yan,
• Ying Wu and
• Junwei Di

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.140

• 10% nitric acid. It was found that chains of Au nanocages were formed on the substrate surface during dealloying. When the concentration of HNO3 increased to 20%, the structures of nanocages were damaged and formed crescent or semi-circular shapes. The transfer process on the substrate surface was

• discussed. Keywords: dealloying; gold nanocage chains; nitric acid; solid substrate; Introduction Gold nanocages (Au NC) are a novel kind of nanostructure that possesses hollow interiors and porous shells [1][2][3]. Hollow metal nanostructures show unique physical and chemical characteristics with respect

• final Au NCs, which maybe limit their applications. The dealloying or selective deletion of Ag from Ag–Au alloys with oxidative etchants such as nitric acid or perchloric acid has been widely used to synthesize nanoporous gold (NPG) [18][19][20][21]. Moreover, Xia et al. employed Fe(NO3)3 and H2O2 as

Growth and morphological analysis of segmented AuAg alloy nanowires created by pulsed electrodeposition in ion-track etched membranes

• Ina Schubert,
• Loic Burr,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1272–1280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.131

• using a single electrolyte. In particular, we aim at controlling all segment sizes. We analyze the segment size distribution in detail and discuss the deposition conditions needed to fabricate very small nanogaps by subsequent etching of the middle Ag-rich segments in nitric acid. We apply cyclic

• acid treatment. For dissolution, the wires deposited on a Si wafer were immersed for three hours into concentrated nitric acid and subsequently cleaned with deionized water. It is remarkable that the nanowires are not displaced during the nitric acid treatment. This is very important for the

• through the nitric acid treatment. This effect is ascribed to dealloying in AuAg alloy structures taking place through layer-by-layer dissolution of Ag atoms and diffusion of Au atoms onto the surface [57][58]. Due to a higher Au concentration in the Au-rich segments, a Au passivation layer on the surface

Filling of carbon nanotubes and nanofibres

• Reece D. Gately and
• Marc in het Panhuis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 508–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.53

• initial work focussed on the opening of MWCNTs using bismuth in the presence of oxygen at 850 °C [52]. This was then further expanded by suspending the MWCNTs in 68% nitric acid and refluxing at 140 °C for 4.5 h [53]. This wet chemistry method of opening MWCNTs was also attempted on SWCNTs using a heated

• hydrochloric acid solution, as nitric acid was found to be too harsh for SWCNTs. Similar to the MWCNTs, the SWCNTs were then easily filled directly after opening [54]. This was followed by more sophisticated methods such as oxygen plasma treatment [55], electrochemical treatment (which was able to remove the

SERS and DFT study of copper surfaces coated with corrosion inhibitor

• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda,
• Francesco Muniz-Miranda and
• Stefano Caporali

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2489–2497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.258

• adsorbed species on the metal surface. In order to obtain a suitable surface roughness from a smooth copper substrate, etching in nitric acid was performed (as previously demonstrated [17]), followed by immersion in ammonia solution. The reducing environment limits the oxidation of the copper surface

• isolating the metallic surface from the oxidative action of the atmosphere. Conclusion An etching process was performed on smooth copper surfaces using nitric acid followed by immersion in an ammonia solution, resulting in SERS-active substrates. This activation was validated by the SEM and profilometry

• concentrated solution of nitric acid in order to obtain a discernable etching and then the plate was immersed in a concentrated solution of ammonia to eliminate the presence of copper oxides from the surface. After a quick washing with water and ethanol as running solvents, the etched plate was immersed for

The gut wall provides an effective barrier against nanoparticle uptake

• Heike Sinnecker,
• Thorsten Krause,
• Sabine Koelling,
• Ingmar Lautenschläger and
• Andreas Frey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2092–2101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.218

• . Portions of vascular buffer were freeze-dried after completion of perfusion experiments, and aliquots corresponding to 2–2.5% of the total perfusate were analyzed. The weighed samples were mixed with 2 mL ultrapure water and 1 mL concentrated nitric acid, dissolved by microwave treatment and adjusted to a

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• natural resource, which was pyrolized and then subsequently treated with concentrated nitric acid [17]. Nowadays, CNOs can be produced in gram-scale quantities by treatment of commercially available nanodiamonds, or by the combustion of naphthalene [18]. This good availability of different CNO materials

Mechanical properties of sol–gel derived SiO₂ nanotubes

• Boris Polyakov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Leonid M Dorogin,
• Mikk Vahtrus,
• Roberts Zabels,
• Sven Lange and
• Rünno Lõhmus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1808–1814, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.191

• NWs (diameter 60–140 nm, Blue Nano) with SiO2 by using a well-established sol–gel method [5][6][21]. According to the synthesis procedure silica NTs are expected to be amorphous [5][22]. The empty silica shells (SiO2 NTs) were obtained by etching the silver core with nitric acid. Silica shells were

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes from unprocessed colemanite

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 843–851, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.95

• , hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid were provided from Sigma. Highly pure NH3 gas (99.98%) was provided from Schick GmbH & Co. KG. All solutions were prepared with deionized (DI) water. BNNT synthesis 2 g of colemanite and 0.166 g Fe2O3 were suspended in 2 mL DI water and vortexed until full dispersion. The

Synthesis of indium oxi-sulfide films by atomic layer deposition: The essential role of plasma enhancement

• Cathy Bugot,
• Nathanaëlle Schneider,
• Daniel Lincot and
• Frédérique Donsanti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 750–757, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.85

• nitric acid (45% in water) at room temperature for 60 s. The uncertainty given for the thickness is the standard deviation of six measurements taking into account the uncertainty of the profilometer, the sharpness of steps, the film roughness, and the film inhomogeneity. Transmittance and reflectance

Preparation of electrochemically active silicon nanotubes in highly ordered arrays

• Tobias Grünzel,
• Young Joo Lee,
• Karsten Kuepper and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 655–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.73

• and pumping durations were 2/60/90 s, 0.5/60/90 s, and 0.2/60/90 s for the three steps, respectively. (d) The aluminum substrate was subsequently removed by treatment with a 0.7 M CuCl2 solution in 10% HCl. The metallic Cu byproduct was removed with concentrated nitric acid. (e) The barrier layer of

Apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy of sparsely labeled tobacco mosaic viruses and the intermediate filament desmin

• Alexander Harder,
• Mareike Dieding,
• Volker Walhorn,
• Sven Degenhard,
• Andreas Brodehl,
• Christina Wege,
• Hendrik Milting and
• Dario Anselmetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 510–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.60

• thoroughly rinsed with ethanol p. a. (Sigma, Germany) and Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ·cm; Millipore, Germany). The cleaned glass slides are additionally etched with 65% nitric acid p. a. (Roth, Germany) for 2 min to activate the glass surface. Subsequently the glass slides are washed with Milli-Q water and dried

Photoelectrochemical and Raman characterization of In₂O₃ mesoporous films sensitized by CdS nanoparticles

• Mikalai V. Malashchonak,
• Sergey K. Poznyak,
• Eugene A. Streltsov,
• Anatoly I. Kulak,
• Olga V. Korolik and
• Alexander V. Mazanik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 255–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.27

• thoroughly washed and ultrasonically treated after the addition of a small amount of nitric acid as a stabilizer to obtain a stable sol at a concentration of 120 g/L. To prepare indium oxide In2O3(400) films with mesoporous structure, block-copolymer Pluronic F127 (100 g/L) as a template material was added

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

Characterization and properties of micro- and nanowires of controlled size, composition, and geometry fabricated by electrodeposition and ion-track technology

• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 860–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.97

• electrolyte consisted of an aqueous solution of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, TeO2, and nitric acid. As shown by means of XRD, TEM, SEM, and EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray analysis), the parameters involved in the electrodeposition process, T, U, and diameter, density, and length of the channels in the template

• containing Zn(NO3), Co(NO3), nitric acid, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as an additive, 300 nm diameter Zn1−xCoxO nanowires with x ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 were grown [94]. The synthesis and properties of semiconducting CdTe and CdS nanowires are being investigated for their potential in photodetector and

• membrane, the wires are dispersed in isopropanol. The solution containing the segmented wires is drop-cast onto a substrate. In a subsequent step, the substrate is dipped into concentrated nitric acid to dissolve the silver segments of the wires selectively. The generation of gaps with sizes between 7 and

Glassy carbon electrodes modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the determination of ascorbic acid by square-wave voltammetry

• Sushil Kumar and
• Victoria Vicente-Beckett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 388–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.45

• remove any oxides of platinum formed on its surface, immersed in 10% (v/v) nitric acid for about 30 s, rinsed thoroughly with Milli-Q water and then air dried. The reference electrode was cleaned by thoroughly rinsing the tip with Milli-Q water and then air dried. To determine the optimum concentration

Noncontact atomic force microscopy study of the spinel MgAl₂O₄(111) surface

• Morten K. Rasmussen,
• Kristoffer Meinander,
• Flemming Besenbacher and
• Jeppe V. Lauritsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 192–197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.21

• STM/AFM microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and means for sample preparation. The MgAl2O4 single crystal used for this NC-AFM study was purchased from the MTI Corporation with an EPI polished (111) facet. The crystal was first rinsed in a 1:1 mixture of nitric acid (65%) and water

Parallel- and serial-contact electrochemical metallization of monolayer nanopatterns: A versatile synthetic tool en route to bottom-up assembly of electric nanocircuits

• Jonathan Berson,
• Assaf Zeira,
• Rivka Maoz and
• Jacob Sagiv

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 134–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.14

• ) acquired after each step during the fabrication of an array of silver/monolayer nanodots by the contact electrochemical process depicted in Figure 1, as well as after removal of the metal by dissolution in nitric acid (see Experimental section): (Top row) the initial target array of monolayer-template

An MCBJ case study: The influence of π-conjugation on the single-molecule conductance at a solid/liquid interface

• Wenjing Hong,
• Hennie Valkenier,
• Gábor Mészáros,
• David Zsolt Manrique,
• Artem Mishchenko,
• Alexander Putz,
• Pavel Moreno García,
• Colin J. Lambert,
• Jan C. Hummelen and
• Thomas Wandlowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 699–713, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.76

• boiling Milli-Q water for 15 min, rinsed with isopropanol and dried with argon before each experiment. The Kel-F liquid cell including its cover, Kalrez O-ring and Teflon tubes for argon purging and solution exchange were cleaned in three alternating boiling cycles in 25% nitric acid and Milli-Q water to

• STM-BJ experiments was chosen to scale the traces acquired in the MCBJ setup. Sample preparation For MCBJ experiments, the following sample preparation protocol was applied: The sample templates were spring steel sheets (30 mm × 10 mm with 0.2 mm thickness), which were cleaned in boiling 25% nitric

• acid and Milli-Q water, and dried in a stream of argon. A gold wire of 100 μm in diameter was subsequently fixed on these sheets with two drops of preheated epoxy (40 °C, mixture of 100 STYCAST 2850 FT epoxy resin with catalyst 9; LakeShore, Westerville, OH). The distance between the two drops of epoxy

Investigation on structural, thermal, optical and sensing properties of meta-stable hexagonal MoO₃ nanocrystals of one dimensional structure

• Angamuthuraj Chithambararaj and
• Arumugam Chandra Bose

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 585–592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.62

• (AHM) was dissolved in distilled water (10 mL), to give a concentration of 0.2 M. A homogeneous solution was obtained after stirring for 15 minutes and was then mixed with concentric nitric acid (5 mL). The mixture was then heated at 85 °C for 1 h and the resulting precipitate was subsequently washed