Synthesis and characterization of noble metal–titania core–shell nanostructures with tunable shell thickness

• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Marta Michalska-Domańska,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Dariusz Zasada and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2083–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.208

• calibration measurement was carried out after measurement of each sample (with the same conditions) using carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles (100 nm or 200 nm) supplied by the manufacturer. The statistical data for the particle size distribution, including mean particle diameter, mode particle diameter

• . Synthesis route of the Au@TiO2 and Ag@TiO2 core–shell nanostructures. Particle size and particle size distribution of synthesized core–shell nanostructures measured using TRPS.a Supporting Information Supporting Information File 144: Additional experimental data. TRPS size histograms, images, UV–vis

Evaluation of preparation methods for suspended nano-objects on substrates for dimensional measurements by atomic force microscopy

• Petra Fiala,
• Daniel Göhler,
• Benno Wessely,
• Michael Stintz,
• Giovanni Mattia Lazzerini and
• Andrew Yacoot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1774–1785, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.179

• recommendation focuses on the number-weighted constituent particle size distribution by which a material is classified as nanomaterial when the median constituent particle diameter is ≤100 nm. This is seen, especially for complex-nanostructured particles, as a metrological challenge for particle measurement

• , convection drying). Both the generated droplet size and the state of dispersion (i.e., concentration and homogeneity) of the suspension influence the arising aerosol. Dissolved salts (e.g., stabilizers, trace elements) in the continuous phase of the suspension affect the particle size distribution due to

• crystallization during droplet drying. Thus, artificially generated aerosols are typically classified afterwards within differential electrical mobility classifiers according to ISO 15900:2009 [28]. To avoid an overlap of the nano-object mode and a residual mode in the particle size distribution, even finer

Uptake and intracellular accumulation of diamond nanoparticles – a metabolic and cytotoxic study

• Antonín Brož,
• Lucie Bačáková,
• Pavla Štenclová,
• Alexander Kromka and
• Štěpán Potocký

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1649–1657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.165

• particles (DNDs) are produced [20]. A typical size distribution has a maximum DND diameter of around 5 nm. The second group of NDs are prepared by mechanical grinding of high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) diamond crystals [21]. The HPHT ND particle size distribution can be mechanically controlled down to

Development of polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery

• Gamze Varan,
• Juan M. Benito,
• Carmen Ortiz Mellet and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1457–1468, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.145

• -formulation studies were used as a basis for selecting the suitable organic solvent and surfactant concentration for the novel polycationic cyclodextrin nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were then extensively characterized with particle size distribution, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug loading

• parameters play an important role on the mean diameter of the nanoparticles. Our primary concern was to obtain an optimal particle size distribution with a diameter less than 200 nm and a polydispersity index lower than 0.2; therefore, the corresponding parameters were thoroughly assessed. The effect of

• mL ultrapure water using the conditions previously given. Mean particle size distribution and surface charge The mean particle diameter (nm), PDI and zeta potential (mV) of amphiphilic CD nanoparticles were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) (NanoZS, Malvern Instruments, UK). All

Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment

• Cem Varan and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1446–1456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.144

• was removed from the surface of the PET film to obtain the final product. Nanoparticle characterization Particle size distribution and surface charge analysis: the mean particle diameter and polydispersity index of the nanoparticles were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique using a

• may be effective for the spontaneous formation of nanoparticles at the interface and at obtaining a smaller particle size. Another important parameter affecting the final nanoparticle properties is reported to be the presence and concentration of the surfactant, which can influence particle size

• distribution and surface properties. According to the results in Table 2, the addition of surfactant did not reduce the particle size; on the contrary, the mean particle size significantly increased proportional to the concentration of PF68 for both polymer PCL and mePEG-PCL (p < 0.05). Although it has been

Miniemulsion copolymerization of (meth)acrylates in the presence of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes for reinforced coating applications

• Bertha T. Pérez-Martínez,
• Lorena Farías-Cepeda,
• Víctor M. Ovando-Medina,
• José M. Asua,
• Lucero Rosales-Marines and
• Radmila Tomovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1328–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.134

• independent of the MWCNT concentration, indicating that the presence of MWCNTs reduced the efficiency of the miniemulsification by increasing the viscosity of the system. In Figure 1, the evolution of the particle size distribution per number of particles during the miniemulsion polymerization of MMA/BA/HEMA

• in situ composites. Particle size distribution in miniemulsion polymerization of MMA/BA/HEMA in the presence of various amounts of functionalized MWCNTs at different reaction times. Conversion vs time curves for the MMA/BA/HEMA miniemulsion polymerizations with different MWCNT concentrations

Bright fluorescent silica-nanoparticle probes for high-resolution STED and confocal microscopy

• Isabella Tavernaro,
• Christian Cavelius,
• Henrike Peuschel and
• Annette Kraegeloh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.130

• nanoparticles. Indeed, it is well known that the particle size increases with an increase in ammonia concentration [53][54]. The use of ammonia could be a major limitation for dyes, which are sensitive to high-alkaline pH values. Another drawback of both methods is a broader particle size distribution (Table 2

• influence on the particle size distribution nor on the degree of agglomeration. Only the particle size increase slightly with an increasing dye concentration Therefore, our synthesis allows one to tune the dye content that can be incorporated into the particle matrix. This is important for cell interaction

• carried out using a Philips CM200 FEG (FEI Company, Netherlands). The samples were prepared by immersion of a 200-mesh carbon-coated copper grid into the nanoparticle suspension. The average primary particle size and the particle size distribution were determined by analysing SEM and TEM images using the

Study of the correlation between sensing performance and surface morphology of inkjet-printed aqueous graphene-based chemiresistors for NO₂ detection

• F. Villani,
• C. Schiattarella,
• T. Polichetti,
• R. Di Capua,
• F. Loffredo,
• B. Alfano,
• M. L. Miglietta,
• E. Massera,
• L. Verdoliva and
• G. Di Francia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1023–1031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.103

• followed by 20 min long phases in inert atmosphere (baseline and recovery phases, respectively). Particle size distribution of the synthesized dispersed graphene in the prepared suspension measured by DLS. Pictures of the four investigated devices. D-P17 and D-P25 are the paper-based devices, while D-AO is

Needs and challenges for assessing the environmental impacts of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs)

• Michelle Romero-Franco,
• Hilary A. Godwin,
• Muhammad Bilal and
• Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 989–1014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.101

• complexity associated with having to address the impact of particle size distribution and agglomeration on the fate and transport and bio-uptake of ENMs by ecological receptors. Given the complexity of quantifying environmental exposures to ENMs and the scarcity of toxicity data at the organism level

Selective detection of Mg²⁺ ions via enhanced fluorescence emission using Au–DNA nanocomposites

• Tanushree Basu,
• Khyati Rana,
• Niranjan Das and
• Bonamali Pal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 762–771, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.79

• from the observed changes in the optical absorption, plasmon band, zeta potential, DLS particle size distribution, as well as TEM and AFM surface morphology analysis. Circular dichroism studies also revealed that DNA-functionalized AuNP binding caused a conformational change in the DNA structure. Due

• nanocomposites. Dynamic light scattering particle size distribution of bare and DNA modified (a,b) AuNS-1, (c,d) AuNRs and (e) their comparative average diameter data. AFM images of (a,b) AuNS 1-DNA nanocomposites and (c,d) AuNR–DNA nanocomposites showing height and amplitude mode. 3D AFM images of Au–DNA

Carbon nanotube-wrapped Fe₂O₃ anode with improved performance for lithium-ion batteries

• Guoliang Gao,
• Yan Jin,
• Qun Zeng,
• Deyu Wang and
• Cai Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 649–656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.69

• . Hydrothermal syntheses are frequently used to obtain composite oxides with uniform particle size distribution. The synthesized material can effectively buffer volume change caused by charge and discharge; and improve the electrical conductivity of the electrode [26][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Experimental

Investigation of the photocatalytic efficiency of tantalum alkoxy carboxylate-derived Ta₂O₅ nanoparticles in rhodamine B removal

• Subia Ambreen,
• Mohammad Danish,
• Narendra D. Pandey and
• Ashutosh Pandey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 604–613, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.65

• –condensation of tantalum alkoxide and the alkoxy chloroacetate derivatives. X-ray diffraction patterns were recorded on a RIGAKU Smart lab X-ray diffractometer using Cu Kα radiation. The particle size distribution in chloroform dispersion was recorded by a Nanotrac particle analyser. TEM images were taken on a

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

• Florent Pessina and
• Denis Spitzer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 452–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.49

• was added just before drying the slurry by spray drying. Mean particle diameters down to 400 and 200 nm have been measured by DLS for RDX- and CL-20-based composites, respectively, after milling. However, no particle size distribution (PSD) curve was provided nor was the dispersion of the results

• focused on military-grade RDX pellets. The scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and SEM analyses showed a particle size distribution around 64 nm for a 200 mJ pulse and a 75 mJ pulse. No further analysis has been reported, such as trace decomposition, crystalline quality, apparent density, sensitivity

• chemical interaction was also found from IR and Raman spectra. The high versatility of the SFE permits the processing of liquid (poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) 400) and solid (PVP 40k) polymers to tune the RDX particle size distribution from the nanometer to the micrometer scale with controlled shapes [121

Tailoring bifunctional hybrid organic–inorganic nanoadsorbents by the choice of functional layer composition probed by adsorption of Cu²⁺ ions

• Veronika V. Tomina,
• Inna V. Melnyk,
• Yuriy L. Zub,
• Aivaras Kareiva,
• Miroslava Vaclavikova,
• Gulaim A. Seisenbaeva and
• Vadim G. Kessler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 334–347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.36

• . During synthesis APTES was first added to the ethanol–water–ammonium solution, and then the mixture of alkoxysilanes with different TEOS/PFES ratios was introduced. Morphology and particle size distribution of bifunctional silica samples were examined using SEM (Figure 1 and Figure 2). It is important to

• on a spectrophotometer Specord UV–vis (model M-40). SEM images and particle size distribution curves for amino/methyl-containing samples NM, NMi, NMh. SEM images of amino-/fluorine-containing samples. 13C (a) and 29Si (b) CP/MAS NMR spectra of the synthesized samples. Pseudo-second-order kinetic

Nanoscale isoindigo-carriers: self-assembly and tunable properties

• Tatiana N. Pashirova,
• Andrei V. Bogdanov,
• Lenar I. Musin,
• Julia K. Voronina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Vladimir F. Mironov,
• Lucia Ya. Zakharova,
• Shamil K. Latypov and
• Oleg G. Sinyashin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.34

• ) and nonionic (Tween 80) surfactants. Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) (a,b); histogram of the particle size distribution (c) of 2h solid isoindigo nanoparticles (SIPs). Analysis of the size distribution of 2c (a), 2d (b), 2e (c), 2f (d), 2g (e), 2h (f) particles in water/DMF (50% v/v) solutions

From iron coordination compounds to metal oxide nanoparticles

• Mihail Iacob,
• Carmen Racles,
• Codrin Tugui,
• George Stiubianu,
• Adrian Bele,
• Liviu Sacarescu,
• Daniel Timpu and
• Maria Cazacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2074–2087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.198

• ultrasonicated for 1 min at 100 °C, then 40 mL of ammonia water (25%) were added to the solution. The ultrasonication time was 10 min for sample NPU1, and 30 min for NPU2. TEM images and particle size distribution histograms of NPT1a (a,c) and NPT1b (b,d). The TEM images (a,c) and the histogram of the particle

• size distribution (b) of NPT2 nanoparticles. The TEM images (a–c) and the histogram of diameter distribution of NPT3 nanoparticles (d). TEM image (a) and diameter distribution histogram (b) of NPT4 nanoparticles. TEM images of samples NPS1 (a) NPS2 (b) and NPS3 (c). TEM images for NPS4 (a) NPS5 (b) and

The difference in the thermal conductivity of nanofluids measured by different methods and its rationalization

• Aparna Zagabathuni,
• Sudipto Ghosh and
• Shyamal Kumar Pabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2037–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.194

• nanoparticles with L, the available distance for Brownian motion. (b) A magnified view of the region within the square in panel a. Enhancement of the thermal conductivity predicted for various widths L of the nanofluid as a function of the Al2O3 particle size for a volume fraction Vf = 0.01. Al2O3 particle size

• distribution in nanofluids and its relative contribution to the thermal conductivity enhancement (Vf = 0.04) by the model presented here for typical values of L in THWM (40 mm) and LFM (0.3 mm). Thermal conductivity enhancement of water-based nanofluids containing Al2O3 particles of an average size of 115 nm

A novel electrochemical nanobiosensor for the ultrasensitive and specific detection of femtomolar-level gastric cancer biomarker miRNA-106a

• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Kobra Omidfar and
• Hossein Ghanbarian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2023–2036, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.193

• ; and (3) hybridization steps (TMC = N-trimethylchitosan). (A) TEM images of synthesized Fe3O4 NPs (a), gold NPs (b), TMC@Fe3O4 NPs (c), and gold–magnetic NPs (d) with their corresponding particle size distribution (inset). (B) UV–vis analysis of gold NPs (a), Fe3O4 NPs (b), TMC@Fe3O4 NPs (c), and gold

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

• Sylwia Kuśnieruk,
• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Agnieszka Chodara,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1586–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.153

• parameters, particle size, particle size distribution, water content, and structure. HAp nanoparticle morphology and structure were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed crystalline HAp was synthesized, which

• results of specific surface area and TEM measurements using the dark-field technique. The obtained nanoparticles with average particle diameter ranging from 8–39 nm were characterized by having homogeneous morphology with a needle shape and a narrow particle size distribution. Strong similarities were

• precise control of the average particle size and particle size distribution can be maintained and these parameters can still be precisely tuned. Experimental Materials The HAp nanopowder was synthesized via a simple precipitation method (exactly in the acid/base neutralization process). The precursors for

Graphene-enhanced plasmonic nanohole arrays for environmental sensing in aqueous samples

• Christa Genslein,
• Peter Hausler,
• Eva-Maria Kirchner,
• Rudolf Bierl,
• Antje J. Baeumner and
• Thomas Hirsch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1564–1573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.150

• on top of the glass slide by plasma etching. The periodicity (P) is not affected by this process, as the particles remain at their initial positions. Spheres were etched from 0.82 to 0.36 µm with a small standard deviation of a maximum of ±0.05 µm (particle-size distribution shown in Figure S1

• nanosphere lithography technique. SEM image (A) of a densely packed monolayer of polystyrene particles with a diameter of 1.02 μm. Substrates were covered by ~45 nm Au with a ~3 nm Ti adhesion layer. Scale bar is 10 μm. (B) The respective particle size distribution fitted with a Gaussian function. SEM images

Influence of synthesis conditions on microstructure and phase transformations of annealed Sr₂FeMoO_6−x nanopowders formed by the citrate–gel method

• Marta Yarmolich,
• Nikolai Kalanda,
• Sergey Demyanov,
• Herman Terryn,
• Jon Ustarroz,
• Maksim Silibin and
• Gennadii Gorokh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1202–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.111

• degree of the iron and molybdenum cations. (b) X-ray diffractogram of Sr2FeMoO6−x synthesized from a colloidal solution at pH 4 with varied annealing conditions (893 K for 1 h, 1060 K for 1 h and 1120 K for 4 h) and hardened at room temperature. Inset: Particle size distribution obtained by DLS. The

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• . Atif et al. showed that a wide particle size distribution yields an effective reinforcement as the empty spaces created by the larger particles can be occupied by the smaller particles thereby resulting in a strong network of the filler and a concomitant increase in the mechanical properties [143]. A

Improved biocompatibility and efficient labeling of neural stem cells with poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite nanoparticles

• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Marina Dobrivojević,
• Lada Brkić Ahmed,
• Michal Babič,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Daniel Horák and
• Srećko Gajović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 926–936, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.84

• , transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used (Figure 1, Table 1). The average size of the PLL-γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (Figure 1A) was larger than that of nanomag®-D-spio nanoparticles (Figure 1B). The latter particles had a broader particle size distribution due to presence

• six morphological descriptors, namely area, perimeter, Convex-Hull perimeter, equivalent diameter, roughness and circularity (Figure 1C). To further characterize the particle size distribution, number-equivalent diameter (Dn), weight-average diameter (Dw) and polydispersity index (PDI) were calculated

Direct formation of gold nanorods on surfaces using polymer-immobilised gold seeds

• Majid K. Abyaneh,
• Pietro Parisse and
• Loredana Casalis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 809–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.72

• data and measure the particle size distribution in our samples. The AFM phase image in Figure 2c and Figure 2d are very helpful in identifying the bright spots in Figure 2a and Figure 2b and to establish whether they are big particles or not. The spots appear as the same colour as the surrounding

Microwave solvothermal synthesis and characterization of manganese-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Roman Mukhovskyi,
• Elzbieta Pietrzykowska,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Jan Mizeracki and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 721–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.64

• employed methods. The lack of simultaneous control over chemical composition, stoichiometry, dopant homogeneity, particle size distribution, shape, phase purity, surface modification and agglomeration, makes it difficult to obtain NPs [22]. The primary cause of the lack of reproducibility of magnetic

• , thanks to which these expressions can be used interchangeably in this paper; the obtained crystallite size distribution may be interpreted as particle size distribution. Conclusion Zn1−xMnxO (x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25) nanoparticles have been synthesized by microwave solvothermal synthesis

• obtaining crystalline Zn1−xMnxO, pure in terms of phase, with a narrow particle size distribution with the nominal dopant content reaching 25 mol % and doping efficiency of circa 22%. Our paper also indicates a high potential of microwave solvothermal synthesis for obtaining doped ZnO nanoparticles. The