Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• microfluidics, are still too costly for routine research in developing countries [138][139]. The therapeutic performance of intravenous nanomedicines strongly depends on the anatomical pathological context, mainly on the extent of inflammation or retention permeation effect, and the extracellular matrix

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• nanofiber scaffold, a slow release of BBR was observed during the first 24 h (lag time), attributed to the hydrophobicity of the scaffold requiring a long time for water permeation. When the scaffold was wetted, BBR was fast released, reaching approximately 60% of the loaded BBR in 36 h. However, in the

Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview

• Lucas Carvalho,
• Michelle Sarcinelli and
• Beatriz Patrício

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2

• unsaturated free fatty acid in the outer layer of human skin, is commonly used as a permeation promoter, inducing the disruption of the lipid structure of the membrane. de Oliveira et al. [85] showed in vitro that oleic acid encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles could potentially be used in schistosomiasis

Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95

• barriers besides cellular membranes need to be addressed. A few examples of these barriers are penetration in or permeation through mucus, skin penetration, overcoming the blood brain barrier, or extravasation from blood vessels. Another challenge is the accumulation of particulate drug delivery systems in

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• the lysosomes, exposing the PDMAEMA layer decorated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) ligand to the environment. The TPP lipophilic cation is characterized by a large hydrophobic surface area, which facilitates its permeation throughout phospholipid bilayers, lysosomal escape due to the proton sponge

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• × 10−6 cm/s, respectively. Both nanoparticulate DCX formulations exhibited a significantly enhanced permeation across the cell line compared to free DCX (p < 0.05). Moreover, DCX-PLGA NPs increased Papp by 134.1% while CS/DCX-PLGA NPs increased Papp by 383.5%. The Papp of CS/DCX-PLGA NPs was

• , Ünal et al. examined the transportation of the positively and negatively charged NPs loaded with DCX through the Caco-2 cell layer. Cationic NPs showed an approximately 50% increase in penetration in comparison with anionic NPs [73]. In another study, Sheng et al. investigated the permeation of CS

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• closely packed cells equipped with tight junctions. Its thickness is approximately 50 μm [40], and it plays an important protective role. The posterior segment of the eye contains sclera, choroid, Bruch’s membrane, and blood–retinal barrier, which further prevent drug permeation. The thickness of the

• sclera, a membrane composed of randomly scattered collagen fibers, ranges from 0.5 to 1 mm, depending on the region of occurrence [41]. While the sclera is another barrier preventing drug permeation, the choroid is responsible for drug elimination. The blood–retinal barrier is connected to the retinal

• vascular endothelium with tight junctions hampering the permeation of active ingredients to the intraocular area. When designing non-invasive ophthalmic drug dosage forms, the main aim is to improve the bioavailability by increasing the diffusion across sclera, cornea, and conjunctiva [42]. In the case of

Ciprofloxacin-loaded dissolving polymeric microneedles as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections

• Sharif Abdelghany,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Yazan Al Thaher,
• Maram Al Fawares,
• Amal G. Al-Bakri,
• Saja Zuriekat and
• Randa SH. Mansour

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 517–527, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.43

• , and the zone of inhibition was measured in millimeters using a ruler (Figure 3). Statistical analysis The results are presented as means ± standard deviation. Statistical comparison between microneedles and free CIP gel, in terms of ciprofloxacin permeation, was made using GraphPad Prism software (ver

• [54]. Skin deposition study One-way ANOVA analysis showed a significant difference in the permeation of ciprofloxacin between the free CIP gel and CIP_MN1, after one hour and after 12 h (P value = 0.015). Moreover, the results also showed that the deposition of the incorporated drug into deeper layers

Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis

• Camila Felix Vecchi,
• Rafaela Said dos Santos,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 503–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.42

• permeation mechanism [6][9][10]. Nanocarriers can be used together with polymeric MNs in a synergistic therapy. The nanocarriers can immediately come into contact with the stratum corneum with the help of polymeric MNs, enhancing the transdermal drug delivery of the drugs. Furthermore, these polymeric MNs

• or during application, which can increase the permeation of certain molecules by up to 200 times [16]. In addition to being a minimally invasive route, transdermal drug delivery has low drug absorption variability among patients, since the cutaneous metabolism is significantly lower than the

• gastrointestinal one. Despite the great therapeutic potential, the use of this pathway is limited by the low permeation of molecules through the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin, which works as a barrier, blocking the transport of drugs through the subcutaneous tissue. To overcome this difficulty

Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects

• Çiğdem Yücel,
• Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak,
• Sena Yalçıntaş and
• Tuğba Eren Böncü

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41

• week) were determined for three months. The 3-(4,5-dimethyldiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to test the cytotoxicity of the formulations and different EGCG solutions on the L929 cell line. The cell permeation properties and inhibitory effects of ETHs and ETHGs on

• release kinetics were investigated. The formulations used had PSs in the nanoscale range and drug encapsulation efficiency values were over 97.2% and 77% [34]. In our study, both the ETHs and ETHG systems have been proven to be effective and safe in treatments with the cell permeation rate and

• /w) Carbopol 980 exhibited zero-order release profile at a targeted site for a relatively longer period of time and better characteristics in the stability study, thus making it more pharmaceutically acceptable [37]. Permeation studies Permeation studies of EGCG from solution, ETHs, and ETHGs were

Interfacial nanoarchitectonics for ZIF-8 membranes with enhanced gas separation

• Season S. Chen,
• Zhen-Jie Yang,
• Chia-Hao Chang,
• Hoong-Uei Koh,
• Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi,
• Kuo-Lun Tung and
• Kevin C.-W. Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.26

• mappings of the films were obtained by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) connected with FE-SEM (NovaTM NanoSEM 230). Single gas permeation The synthesized ZIF-8 membrane was sealed in a stainless permeation module with two silicone O-rings on each side of the disc. Before individual permeation

• other side of the membrane was connected to a soap-film flow meter downstream to measure the gas permeation volume of the target gas. The pressure drop between feed side and permeation side was measured by a pressure meter (Bronkhorst EL-PRESS) and was kept at 20 psi. The temperature of the system was

• kept at room temperature (25 °C). The permeance Pi (mol·m−2·s−1·Pa−1) of the permeation gas was determined using the following equation: where Ni (mol·s−1) is the permeation molar flow rate of component gas i, ΔPi (Pa) is the trans-membrane pressure drop of gas i, and A (m2) is the effective membrane

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• into cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) [15]. ENH membranes, along with their high porosity and high aspect ratio, possess a high permeation ability, adsorbability, and selectivity, which makes them excellent for environmental remediation, specifically for the adsorption and filtration of

• ][50]. Electrospun membranes have shown many advantages over conventional membranes used in water treatment/purification. Some of the common limitations of the conventional membranes are fouling, scaling, limited porosity, low mechanical strength, low permeation, low wettability, and residual solvents

• -hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P34HB), which is a polyester that renders a water-permeable membrane for highly efficient removal of water from the emulsion under gravity filtration. The water permeation time was reduced from 130 to 9 s with the increase of P34HB from 30 to 50 wt % [68]. Ge et al

Measurement of polarization effects in dual-phase ceria-based oxygen permeation membranes using Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Kerstin Neuhaus,
• Christina Schmidt,
• Liudmila Fischer,
• Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg,
• Ke Ran,
• Joachim Mayer and
• Stefan Baumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.102

• microscopy; oxygen permeation; Introduction Acceptor-doped cerium dioxide, where cerium is partially substituted by cations of lower valence (most prominently Gd3+), is a fluorite material with a very high oxide ion conductivity at comparably moderate temperatures (around 600 °C). It has already been in

• permeation membrane, as oxygen sensor material, or for the use in solid oxide fuel cell components [1][5][6]. Apart from this, ceria is also widely employed as a catalyst in the middle- to low-temperature regime (20–400 °C) [7][8][9], making ceria-based dual-phase materials with a second electron-conductive

• spinel or perovskite phase applicable in membrane reactors for partial oxidation reactions. Dual-phase membranes with FeCo2O4, or its iron-rich pendant Fe2CoO4, and Gd-doped ceria as an ion conductor have already been successfully applied as oxygen permeation membranes with high permeability in the

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

• Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
• Norma J. Salazar-López,
• Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
• José R. Vega-Baudrit,
• J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
• Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
• Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
• Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
• Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

• Conventional nanosystems are particularly attractive for the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class IV drugs, such as CUR, which require increases in their solubilization, pharmacokinetics, and permeation [43]. Curcumin has been targeted against carcinogenic lesions in the colon, skin, cervix

• nanotransporters, due to their liquid-phase lipids [61]. The intestinal permeation of a CUR-loaded NLC has been studied in vitro in Caco-2 cells [69]. The formulation protected the compounds from degradation under basic pH, significantly improved the solubility of CUR, and increased its apparent permeation

• receptors), while the enhanced effect of permeation and retention was considered for passive targeting. Results showed improved in vitro cellular uptake, targeting capability, and cytotoxicity against the human colon cancer cell line HCT116, which was related to early apoptosis after 24 h of incubation. On

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

• Nikola Geskovski,
• Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
• Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Kristina Mladenovska and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

• , where cancerous cells accumulate at defined tumor sites and the cytotoxic drugs could be passively targeted to these tumor sites through enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, leukemic cells are prevalent in the whole circulatory system and the EPR is of no use. Moreover, the inherent

Characterization, bio-uptake and toxicity of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles and their interaction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

• Sahar Pourhoseini,
• Reilly T. Enos,
• Angela E. Murphy,
• Bo Cai and
• Jamie R. Lead

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 282–294, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.23

• ., passivation, or as separate particles) or are bound to proteins. These leads to the formation of secondary NPs, chloro complexes and protein interactions in the RPMI medium yielding a Ag compounds that have a molecular mass above the nominal value of the 3 kDa filter membrane, which affects filter permeation

Bulk chemical composition contrast from attractive forces in AFM force spectroscopy

• Dorothee Silbernagl,
• Media Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani,
• Natalia Cano Murillo,
• Anna Maria Elert and
• Heinz Sturm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 58–71, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.5

• accelerator used was 100:90:1 w/w/w, respectively. As an additional organic component, bisphenol A polycarbonate from Makrolon 3108 (Goodfellow, UK) with Mw ≈ 49,550 g/mol and Mn ≈ 21,400, as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), was used. As an inorganic component, boehmite (γ-AlOOH) from two

Out-of-plane surface patterning by subsurface processing of polymer substrates with focused ion beams

• Serguei Chiriaev,
• Luciana Tavares,
• Vadzim Adashkevich,
• Arkadiusz J. Goszczak and
• Horst-Günter Rubahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1693–1703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.151

• results demonstrate the importance of pathways for desorption of gases resulting from radiolysis. Moreover, our study shows that Au thin films (in our case, 15 nm thick) form very strong barriers for the permeation of gases and can withstand high degrees of stretching required for the observed bulging

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• important to mention that some authors have identified them as good carriers of other antimicrobial molecules, improving their transport to the target [154], which offers protection against resistance by the target bacteria, and facilitates the permeation through the cell membrane. Metal ions can also allow

Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films

• Dumitru Tsiulyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85

• one of the most active toxic gases known to interact with Te [1]. NO2 vapor, with a concentration of either 0.5 or 1.0 ppm, was obtained by using the experimental set up described in our previous paper [28]. Gaseous NO2 media was obtained using a calibrated permeation tube (Vici Metronics, USA), which

Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design

• Sonia M. Lombardo,
• Marc Schneider,
• Akif E. Türeli and
• Nazende Günday Türeli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72

• lead to significant damage to the brain [21]. Finally, an innovative way to solve the permeation problem is to load drugs inside nanoparticles. According to the European Commission, nanomaterials are materials that contain at least 50% of particles in a size range of 1 to 100 nm [22]. More generally

• (e.g., human serum albumin) [28], gold nanoparticles [29] and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles [30]. This review aims to summarize (i) the different pathways to cross the BBB, (ii) the strategies that can be employed to increase nanoparticle BBB permeation without disrupting the BBB, as well

• lasts for a few minutes. It is thus relatively slow compared to carrier-mediated transport [47][48]. The endocytotic process of AMT is mostly mediated by caveolae [40]. Strategies to enhance nanoparticle BBB permeation To increase their BBB permeation ability, most nanoparticles are designed to be able

A novel dry-blending method to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion of polymer templates for OTFT electrodes

• Xiangdong Ye,
• Bo Tian,
• Yuxuan Guo,
• Fan Fan and
• Anjiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 671–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.53

• thermal expansion (CTE) of the polymer template is much higher than the CTE of the dielectric layer. Here, a novel dry-blending method is described in which SiO2 nanoparticles are filled into a grooved silicon template, followed by permeation of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) into the SiO2 nanoparticle gaps

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• and 2) the solvent exchange mechanism wherein lipid molecules dissolved in organic solvents were slowly exchanged with water [108]. The addition of the lipid layer not only provided long term stability but also slowed down the rate of permeation of small molecules through the capsule wall, making them

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15