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Search for "phosphate" in Full Text gives 306 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • Lizeth García-Torres,
  • Idania De Alba Montero,
  • Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
  • Facundo Ruiz,
  • Sumati Bhatia,
  • Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
  • Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

Graphical Abstract
  • conditions. Of particular interest was the extraction and comparison of nanomechanical maps obtained in the low range of loading forces to quantify its morphology, membrane stiffness, Young’s modulus of elasticity and adhesion when PA was tested in hypotonic (Milli-Q water), isotonic (0.1 M phosphate
  • –Hinton agar and again incubated for 24 h under the same conditions. Isolated colonies of PA were collected using a calibrated loop and suspended in 5 mL of phosphate buffer supplemented with 50 µL of Mueller–Hinton broth. The suspension was vortexed for 10 s before its preparation for AFM analysis
  • then exposed to the desired osmolarity conditions for investigation. The applied solutions were ultrapure water (Milli-Q), phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS), and 0.5 M sodium chloride. Bacteria were first analyzed in tapping mode to determine their location and observe their morphology
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Published 21 Jul 2025

Fabrication of metal complex phthalocyanine and porphyrin nanoparticle aqueous colloids by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid and their potential application to a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

  • Taisei Himeda,
  • Risako Kunitomi,
  • Ryosuke Nabeya,
  • Tamotsu Zako and
  • Tsuyoshi Asahi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.80

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  • = AlCl, Fe, Co, Zn) and Pt complex octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP) by nanosecond laser fragmentation of the corresponding microcrystalline powders in an aqueous solution of the amphiphilic polymer Pluronic® F-127. All nanoparticles dispersed stably in phosphate-buffered saline and cell culture media without
  • polypropylene oxide (PPO) arranged in a triblock structure. Here, the stability in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.2), which is used widely in pharmacology and biomedical experiments, was examined. We evaluated the phototoxicity of the fabricated nanoparticle colloids in vitro against PC12 cells (a cell
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Published 11 Jul 2025

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

  • Sevin Adiguzel,
  • Nilay Cicek,
  • Zehra Cobandede,
  • Feray B. Misirlioglu,
  • Hulya Yilmaz and
  • Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

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  • nucleation of calcium and phosphate ions, imparting stiffness and resistance to bone. Additionally, collagen and noncollagenous matrix proteins contribute to bone formation by offering a scaffold for hydroxyapatite deposition [2][3]. Bone tissue consists of four main cell types: bone lining cells
  • , while proteoglycans help form the organic matrix [8]. During matrix mineralization, calcium and phosphate ions generate hydroxyapatite crystals within the matrix region. Once bone formation is complete, some osteoblasts become embedded within the matrix, transforming into osteocytes, which leads to
  • using an ultrasonic bath before treatment. Using an ultrasonic bath, US was applied to cells after NMs treatment and within the incubation period, 3 times for 5 s daily at 37 kHz for all in vitro experiments. After the incubation, the medium was removed and washed with phosphate buffered saline (1X PBS
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Published 07 Jul 2025

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

  • Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

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  • , electronic devices, and electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Marmisollé and colleagues conducted research on “electrochemical nanoarchitectonics through polyaminobenzylamine–dodecyl phosphate complexes” and proposed a straightforward strategy for modifying electrode surfaces with self-assembled
  • polyelectrolyte–surfactant complexes (Figure 10) [260]. The complex structures consist of polyaniline appended with amino groups and monododecyl phosphate. The intricate films were produced using a spin coating method. The films displayed distinct lamellar structures, resulting from the strong interactions
  • between the phosphate groups of the complexes and the positively charged ammonium groups of the polyelectrolyte. The alignment of lamellae in a parallel orientation to the substrate is significantly influenced by the percentage of surfactant present. An increase in surfactant concentration results in the
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Published 04 Jul 2025

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

  • Eric Lieberwirth,
  • Anja Schaeper,
  • Regina Lange,
  • Ingo Barke,
  • Simone Baltrusch and
  • Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

Graphical Abstract
  • the cytosolic abundant enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Figure 2c). We analysed 21 metabolically active mitochondria from HeLa cells with SICM, resulting in a data set of 65 measurements (some mitochondria were measured several times). Shape analysis is based on the roundness of the
  • demonstrate the quality of mitochondria of both isolation methods. (c) A minor signal for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) shows low contamination by cytosolic proteins. False-colour topographies and statistical analyses to illustrate the geometric properties of metabolically active
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Published 30 Jun 2025

Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

  • Demian van Straten,
  • Luuk van de Schepop,
  • Rowan Frunt,
  • Pieter Vader and
  • Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

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  • by which FCS heat inactivation could affect cellular interactions with LNPs were studied in detail. Materials and Methods Buffers, reagents, materials Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), bovine serum albumin (BSA), thioflavin T (ThT), cholesterol and distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) were purchased
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Published 30 May 2025

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

  • Tina Friedenauer,
  • Maximilian Spellauge,
  • Alexander Sommereyns,
  • Verena Labenski,
  • Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
  • Christoph Rehbock,
  • Heinz P. Huber and
  • Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

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  • Materials Curcumin from turmeric rhizome (95%) was purchased from Thermo Fisher GmbH. Cannabidiol (≈99%) was provided by “Ott im Pott – CBD Shop Essen”. Acetonitrile, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and orthophosphoric acid (>85%) for HPLC analysis were purchased in HPLC grade from VWR International GmbH
  • −1 solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate previously adjusted to pH 2.0 with phosphoric acid (A) and acetonitrile (B). The initial concentration of mobile phase B is increased from 30% to 70% within the time interval from 0 to 8 min, then further increased to 90%; this concentration is maintained
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Published 26 May 2025

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

  • Teissir Ben Ammar,
  • Naji Kharouf,
  • Dominique Vautier,
  • Housseinou Ba,
  • Nivedita Sudheer,
  • Philippe Lavalle and
  • Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

Graphical Abstract
  • microhardness without compromising biocompatibility [7]. In another work, the formulation of an injectable calcium phosphate cement–chitosan–graphene oxide (GO) composite was found to be effective. This composite fostered the proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells [8]. Despite these promising findings
  • Hoechst 33258 were obtained from MERCK Sigma-Aldrich Reagent (Darmstadt, Germany). α-MEM cell culture medium was purchased from Gibco (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were acquired from Dominique Dutscher (Brumath, France). The
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Published 20 May 2025

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

  • Mazhar Hussain,
  • Muhammad Farooq,
  • Muhammad Asad Saeed,
  • Muhammad Ijaz,
  • Sherjeel Adnan,
  • Zeeshan Masood,
  • Muhammad Waqas,
  • Wafa Ishaq and
  • Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

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  • microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), in vitro drug release in 0.1 M HCl (pH 1.2) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4), and pharmacokinetic studies. The optimal formulation (APT-CD-NP4) containing the highest
  • than the poloxamer 407-based formulations in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) and 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2). The optimal SLN formulation APT-CD-NP4 is a promising tool for oral sustained-release dosage in order to improve the bioavailability of the BCS class-IV drug APT. Solubility analysis of APT and APT
  • -loaded SLNs in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) and phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4). (a) Zeta Potential and (b) particle size of APT-CD-NP4. SEM photomicrographs of (a, b) APT-CD-NP4 and (c, d) APT-PX-NP8. (a) FTIR spectra and (b) X-ray diffractograms of APT, poloxamer 407, β-CD, APT-CD-NP4, and APT-PX-NP8. (a) TGA
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Published 15 May 2025

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

  • Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
  • Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
  • Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
  • Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
  • Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
  • Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
  • Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
  • Ênio Pereira Telles,
  • Luiz André Santos Silva,
  • Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
  • Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
  • Daniel Alves de Souza,
  • Jileno Ferreira Santos,
  • Felipe José Aidar Martins,
  • Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
  • Sandra Lauton-Santos,
  • Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
  • Cristiane Bani Correa,
  • Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
  • Lysandro Pinto Borges and
  • Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

Graphical Abstract
  • (surfactants + water, without EOCF), EOCF, and the selected microemulsion containing EOCF (M7-EOCF), at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 µg/mL, and cultured under the previous conditions for further 24 h. At the end of this phase, the cell monolayer was washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline, and then
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Published 07 May 2025

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

  • Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
  • Sharmilee Nandi,
  • Klara Martinovic,
  • Patrizia Kühne,
  • Yifan Liu,
  • Sam Taylor,
  • Maria Lysandrou,
  • Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
  • Viktoria Langwallner,
  • Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
  • Ivana Jovanovic,
  • Maike Lüftner,
  • Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
  • David Bern,
  • Abdul-Raouf Atif,
  • Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
  • Gemma Mestres and
  • Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

Graphical Abstract
  • ohmic resistance of the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) electrolyte solution. The circuit is connected in series to the parallel combination of a capacitor (Cdl) representing the double layer capacitance of the electrode–solution interphase and a resistor (Rct) accounting for the faradaic charge
  • , potassium chloride, potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) trihydrate, potassium hexacyanoferrate(III), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxy succinimide (NHS), phosphate-buffered saline pH 7.4 (PBS), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
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Published 16 Apr 2025

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

  • Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
  • Dylan Maguire and
  • Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

Graphical Abstract
  • into three generations based on their structural modifications (Figure 1) [17]. First-generation ASOs are characterised by having an altered phosphate backbone. This chemical modification increases their stability against nucleases, extending their half-life, and promotes the degradation of transcripts
  • target messenger RNA (mRNA). This reduces immune-related adverse events and toxicity while keeping increased resistance to nuclease degradation. In second-generation ASOs, the structural modifications are not limited to the phosphate linkage; the molecules also possess alkyl substitutions at the 2
  • reduction in tumour size and metastasis in both orthotopic and xenograft models. Importantly, the PEG-PLO-based delivery system showed a lower nitrogen-to-phosphate ratio requirement compared to similar systems using PEG-PLL, thereby reducing the amount of polymer needed for effective siRNA delivery. The
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Published 27 Mar 2025

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

  • Ravinder Lamba,
  • Gaurav Bhanjana,
  • Neeraj Dilbaghi,
  • Vivek Gupta and
  • Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

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  • three-electrode configuration. The working electrode consisted of the modified Ag@ZnO NRs/Au electrode, a platinum wire used as the counter electrode, and the reference electrode was an Ag/AgCl electrode. A 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution with a pH of 7.0 was used for all measurements. (a) XRD of Ag@ZnO
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Published 26 Mar 2025

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

  • Soni Prajapati and
  • Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

Graphical Abstract
  • ), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, Cat. No. H5882), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, Cat. No. 7910), Tween 20 (Cat. No. P1379), and Triton X-100 (Cat. No. T8787) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Dichloromethane (DCM, Cat. No. 24532), diethyl ether (Cat. No. 64665), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, Cat. No. 78529
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Published 20 Mar 2025

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

  • Ahmet Baki Sahin,
  • Serdar Karakurt and
  • Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

Graphical Abstract
  • ) were resuspended in a freshly prepared dissolution medium (2 mL), that is, either simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) or phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), in the absence of enzymes. Alg or EudAlg nanoparticle suspensions were incubated for 7 days with a constant shaking of 50 rpm. At the end of specified time
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Published 13 Mar 2025

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

  • Braham Dutt Arya,
  • Sandeep Mittal,
  • Prachi Joshi,
  • Alok Kumar Pandey,
  • Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
  • Govind Gupta and
  • Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

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  • ). Phosphate-buffered saline (Ca+2, Mg+2 free; PBS; Cat. No. 14200166), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium: nutrient mixture F-12 (Ham) (1:1) powder (DMEM F-12; Cat. No. 11320033), trypsin–EDTA (Cat. No. 25200056), fetal bovine serum (FBS; Cat. No. A5256701), antibiotic and antimycotic solution (100X; 10,000 U
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Published 03 Mar 2025

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

  • Radmila Milenkovska,
  • Nikola Geskovski,
  • Dushko Shalabalija,
  • Ljubica Mihailova,
  • Petre Makreski,
  • Dushko Lukarski,
  • Igor Stojkovski,
  • Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
  • Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

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Published 19 Feb 2025

Synthesis and the impact of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the viability and activity of rhizobacteria

  • Bedah Rupaedah,
  • Indrika Novella,
  • Atiek Rostika Noviyanti,
  • Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy,
  • Anna Safarrida,
  • Abdul Hapid,
  • Zhafira Amila Haqqa,
  • Suryana Suryana,
  • Irwan Kurnia and
  • Fathiyah Inayatirrahmi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 216–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.17

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  • method. Following their immobilization on nHA, the phosphate-solubilizing capacity of rhizobacteria was evaluated using Pikovskaya’s medium. A nitrogen-free bromothymol medium was utilized to qualitatively assess the nitrogen-fixing ability of rhizobacteria. Furthermore, rhizobacteria were identified
  • seventh day after inoculation, measuring at 2.480 × 107 and 1.040 × 107 CFU/mL, respectively. The qualitative tests of nHA as rhizobacterial carrier demonstrated that rhizobacteria retained their ability to solubilize phosphate and fix nitrogen. Furthermore, both rhizobacteria have been identified. Pd
  • Tb-nHA sample. These findings correlate with the higher colony count of the Pd rhizobacterium strain as outlined in Table 2. Phosphate-solubilizing capability of rhizobacteria-nHA The proficiency of rhizobacteria in phosphate solubilization after inoculation on the nHA carrier for 21 days underscores
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Published 18 Feb 2025

Probing the potential of rare earth elements in the development of new anticancer drugs: single molecule studies

  • Josiane A. D. Batista,
  • Rayane M. de Oliveira,
  • Carlos H. M. Lima,
  • Milton L. Lana Júnior,
  • Virgílio C. dos Anjos,
  • Maria J. V. Bell and
  • Márcio S. Rocha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 187–194, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.15

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  • the stock solutions in a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer with [Na+] = 150 mM, pH 7.4. The samples used for OT assays consist of biotin-labeled λ DNA molecules (New England Biolabs N3011S) tethered by the ends between a streptavidin-coated coverslip and a streptavidin-coated polystyrene bead (3
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Published 14 Feb 2025

Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

  • Silvia Jaerger,
  • Patricia Appelt,
  • Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
  • Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
  • Ricardo Schneider,
  • Carla Bittencourt and
  • Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

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  • /bjnano.16.13 Abstract Bentonite clay sourced from the Guarapuava region, Brazil, was modified with niobium oxide (BEOx) and niobium phosphate (BEPh) to act as an adsorbent and photocatalyst in the remediation of wastewater containing methylene blue (MB) dye. Additionally, colored materials were evaluated
  • for their potential as antibacterial hybrid pigments. The bentonite clay modified with niobium was prepared by a solution containing swelling clay mixed with niobium oxide (NbOx) and niobium phosphate (NbPh) in a water solution; after that, the suspension was calcinated. X-ray diffractometry, X-ray
  • generate OH• radicals (strong oxidants), leading to the mineralization of organic pollutants, including textile dyes [8]. In this study, the strategy and objective are to modify bentonite clay with niobium phosphate and niobium oxide by the calcinated method, and then use it as an adsorbent or
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Published 10 Feb 2025

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

  • Naths Grazia Sukubo,
  • Paolo Bigini and
  • Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

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  • transfection has been utilized for macrophage targeting, wherein glucan-encapsulating sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2)-siRNA NCs can attenuate hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. This is achieved by reducing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mouse models of bile duct ligation (BDL
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Published 31 Jan 2025

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

  • Elina E. Mansurova,
  • Andrey A. Maslennikov,
  • Anna P. Lyubina,
  • Alexandra D. Voloshina,
  • Irek R. Nizameev,
  • Marsil K. Kadirov,
  • Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
  • Polina V. Mikshina,
  • Albina Y. Ziganshina and
  • Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

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  • present in Figures S1 and S2 of Supporting Information File 1. The nanocarrier (p(Hist-CA)) was prepared, using the microemulsion technique [32][33], through the condensation of CA-RA and Hist-RA with phenylboronic acid (BA) in phosphate buffer (PB) at pH 8.5 [34][35]. CA-RA and Hist-RA are amphiphilic
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Published 09 Jan 2025

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

  • Ebrahim Sadaqa,
  • Satrialdi,
  • Fransiska Kurniawan and
  • Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

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  • Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, Catalog No. 10010-023), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, high glucose; Catalog No. 11965092), fetal bovine serum (FBS, Premium Grade; Catalog No. A5670701), penicillin-streptomycin (Catalog No. 15140122), trypan blue (Catalog
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Published 30 Dec 2024

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

  • Julia E. Poletaeva,
  • Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
  • Alina E. Grigor’eva,
  • Ilya S. Dovydenko and
  • Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

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  • because this is the concentration of serum used in cell cultivation, and we plan to study the protein corona on bio-NPs in culture medium in the future. The sera were diluted with 0.01 M phosphate buffer (PBS), pH 7.4, from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Prior to the experiments, all serum samples were processed to
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Published 30 Dec 2024

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

  • Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
  • Seda A. Oganian,
  • Gayane S. Vardanyan,
  • Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
  • Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

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  • described in [61]. For the preparation of extracts, the plant powder was mixed with the extragents, that is, 96%, 70% and 50% ethanol, diluted in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) in a 1:30 (w/v) ratio and exposed to ultrasound at 75 W (ultrasonic homogenizer, Sonic-150W, MRC, Israel). After 24 h of incubation on
  • ) according to the attached BioSystems protocols. Determination of glutathione peroxidase activity in liver tissue To determine the activity of liver glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (EC 1.11.1.9), tissue samples weighing 1–2 g were homogenized in 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) on ice using a Potter
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Published 11 Dec 2024
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