Scanning probe microscopy studies on the adsorption of selected molecular dyes on titania

• Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki,
• Lukasz Zajac,
• Piotr Olszowski,
• Res Jöhr,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Bartosz Such,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Marek Szymonski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1642–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.156

• ), phthalocyanines (Pcs) and porphyrins (Figure 1). All of these molecules are dyes absorbing in the visible range, and all of them are used in photovoltaic applications [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. They are also intensively studied using various surface sensitive methods. Surprisingly, however, for each

• oxygen atoms, each coupled by a double bond to a single carbon atom. Phthalocyanines are cyclic aromatic molecules (see Figure 1b). They comprise four isoindole groups coupled through nitrogen atoms. An isoindole group consists of a benzene ring attached to a pyrrole ring. The central void can be

• ) islands. Pc molecules There are very few reports available for TiO2 and phthalocyanines in planar heterojunction solar cell applications (see [42] and the references therein). In a few cases among these studies, scanning probe microscopy was used to examine the properties of the Pc/TiO2 interface itself

The influence of phthalocyanine aggregation in complexes with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots on the photophysical properties of the complexes

• Irina V. Martynenko,
• Anna O. Orlova,
• Vladimir G. Maslov,
• Anatoly V. Fedorov,
• Kevin Berwick and
• Alexander V. Baranov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.94

• , these tetrapyrrole molecules seem to be the best candidates for researching the influence of aggregation on the FRET efficiency in the QD–molecule complexes. In this work, we investigate nonconjugated complexes of sulfonated hydroxyaluminium phthalocyanines (PcSz) molecules with CdSe/ZnS QDs in an

• nonconjugated complexes of sulfonated phthalocyanines (PcSz) molecules with CdSe/ZnS QDs in an aqueous solution has been studied by absorption and PL spectroscopy. A sharp decrease of the energy transfer efficiency with increasing PcSz (acceptor) concentration has been found. This effect has been explained by

• . Experimental Materials The photosensitizer Photosens® was obtained from NIOPIK (Russia). At present, the Photosens® is used clinically for PDT [42]. Photosens® is a mixture of sulfonated hydroxyaluminium phthalocyanines (PcSz) with different numbers of sulfo groups per molecule, with z = 2, 3 or 4. So, in an

Effects of spin–orbit coupling and many-body correlations in STM transport through copper phthalocyanine

• Benjamin Siegert,
• Andrea Donarini and
• Milena Grifoni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2452–2462, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.254

• of metallorganic compounds, such as the widely studied metal phthalocyanines [7][8], exhibit sizeable magnetic anisotropy induced by the interplay of electronic correlations and SOI. Indeed, in an X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) analysis copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) was found to exhibit

Electrochemical behavior of polypyrrol/AuNP composites deposited by different electrochemical methods: sensing properties towards catechol

• Celia García-Hernández,
• Cristina García-Cabezón,
• Cristina Medina-Plaza,
• Fernando Martín-Pedrosa,
• Yolanda Blanco,
• José Antonio de Saja and
• María Luz Rodríguez-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2052–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.209

• , electrodes chemically modified with a variety of sensing materials (e.g., phthalocyanines or conducting polymers) have been successfully used as voltammetric sensors for the detection of antioxidants [27]. It has also been demonstrated that the combined use of electrocatalytic materials such as

• phthalocyanines and nanoparticles, can induce synergistic effects that increase the sensitivity of the sensors [28]. Following this idea, Ppy/AuNPs composites could be good candidates as electrocatalytic materials for the detection of phenols. The objective of this work was to develop new voltammetric sensors

Transformations of PTCDA structures on rutile TiO₂ induced by thermal annealing and intermolecular forces

• Szymon Godlewski,
• Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Marek Szymoński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1498–1507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.155

• structures on the (011) face. Additionally, molecules belonging to a different family of large polycyclic molecules, i.e., phthalocyanines (Pc), exhibit remarkably different behaviour on the two faces. The experiments showed that copper phthalocyanines (CuPc) form ordered layers on the (011) face and

Spectroscopic mapping and selective electronic tuning of molecular orbitals in phosphorescent organometallic complexes – a new strategy for OLED materials

• Pascal R. Ewen,
• Jan Sanning,
• Tobias Koch,
• Nikos L. Doltsinis,
• Cristian A. Strassert and
• Daniel Wegner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2248–2258, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.234

• the relevant frontier orbitals [11][12][13][14][15]. Several studies have performed STM and STS on organometallic compounds, mainly on porphyrins and phthalocyanines [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Considering this general success, it is surprising that phosphorescent complexes have barely been

In situ metalation of free base phthalocyanine covalently bonded to silicon surfaces

• Fabio Lupo,
• Cristina Tudisco,
• Federico Bertani,
• Enrico Dalcanale and
• Guglielmo G. Condorelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2222–2229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.231

• by using different techniques including Langmuir–Blodgett deposition [9], spin-coating [10] and vapor deposition [10][11]. Well-organized monolayers and multilayers have been also obtained through self-assembly [12][13]. Among the various approaches adopted to organize phthalocyanines on surfaces

• (Figure 1). 1-Pc covalently bonded to silicon surface was in situ metalated with Co by using a solution of cobalt chloride. The direct formation of Co-Pc on flat and porous Si (Si-Co-Pc and PSi-Co-Pc, respectively) was monitored by XPS and FTIR. In particular, for phthalocyanines anchored on porous Si

• for free-base phthalocyanines [28][29][30]. The increase of the high B.E signal can be explained as a consequence of the interaction with the silicon surface. The effects of various surfaces on the shape of the N 1s band have been already observed and discussed for other metal phthalocyanine

Optical properties and electrical transport of thin films of terbium(III) bis(phthalocyanine) on cobalt

• Peter Robaschik,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Daniel Bülz,
• Peter Richter,
• Manuel Monecke,
• Michael Fronk,
• Svetlana Klyatskaya,
• Daniel Grimm,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Mario Ruben,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn and
• Georgeta Salvan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2070–2078, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.215

• 58 nm TbPc2 film on Co. TbPc2 films exhibit a uniaxial anisotropy of the dielectric function similar to many planar phthalocyanines, for example, CuPc [13] or H2Pc [14]. Consequently, the dielectric function parallel (in-plane) and perpendicular (out-of-plane) to the sample surface differs . For a

• the Q and B band, of phthalocyanines are highlighted in Figure 2. They correspond to ligand-related π–π* transitions [15]. For organic semiconductors we can consider the relative magnetic permeability to be µr ≈ 1. Thus, we can easily determine the optical constants from the diagonal elements εii of

• close to those reported for the case of CuPc [23] and up to three orders of magnitude higher than those reported for similar organic films investigated via cs-AFM techniques such as metalloporphyrin thin films on Ni substrates [20]. In general, due to their planar structure, phthalocyanines are known to

Donor–acceptor graphene-based hybrid materials facilitating photo-induced electron-transfer reactions

• Anastasios Stergiou,
• Georgia Pagona and
• Nikos Tagmatarchis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1580–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.170

• obtaining donor–acceptor hybrid materials based on graphene to facilitate charge-transfer phenomena, which is reviewed here, concerns the incorporation of porphyrins and phthalocyanines onto graphene sheets. Through illustrative schemes, the preparation and most importantly the photophysical properties of

• materials composed of graphene and photoactive components, such as porphyrins and phthalocyanines, have been prepared and evaluated regarding photo-induced charge transfer phenomena [16][17][18]. Moreover, semiconducting quantum dots such as CdS [19][20][21][22], CdSe [23][24][25][26], CdTe [27][28], ZnO

• on graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide The unique and notable features of porphyrins and phthalocyanines as light-harvesting antennas with high extinction coefficients and remarkable redox properties make them promising electron donors to be associated with graphene. The very first approach of

Pyrite nanoparticles as a Fenton-like reagent for in situ remediation of organic pollutants

• Carolina Gil-Lozano,
• Elisabeth Losa-Adams,
• Alfonso F.-Dávila and
• Luis Gago-Duport

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 855–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.97

• representative dye that has a metallic ring structure. Phthalocyanines are widely used in the textile industry and can provoke carcinogenesis. However, removal of metallocyanines is difficult because of their resistance towards oxidative degradation as well as their low biodegradability. To this end, we

• phthalocyanines [30], showed a λmax of 217 nm. Discussion There have been previous reports on the surface generation of H2O2 upon oxidative dissolution of pyrite [7][8][10][12][13][14]. This reactivity, coupled with the iron delivery and the decrease in pH that occur upon dissolution of pyrite, are the reasons

Nanostructure sensitization of transition metal oxides for visible-light photocatalysis

• Hongjun Chen and
• Lianzhou Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 696–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.82

• as photosensitizers for transition metal oxides. Note that various organic dyes such as rhodamine B, porphyrins, and phthalocyanines have been employed as photosensitizers [11][12][13][14] and these dyes also play an important role in the photosensitization of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) [15

CoPc and CoPcF₁₆ on gold: Site-specific charge-transfer processes

• Fotini Petraki,
• Heiko Peisert,
• Johannes Uihlein,
• Umut Aygül and
• Thomas Chassé

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 524–531, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.61

• allow the discussion of site-specific charge-transfer processes. Keywords: Auger parameter; charge transfer; interfaces; organic semiconductors; photoemission; phthalocyanines; polarization screening; Introduction In order to develop and improve the performance of organic-based electronic devices an

• extended and comprehensive understanding of the basic physics appearing at the interface between organic and metallic materials is required. Molecules from the family of metal phthalocyanines have already been extensively applied to numerous molecular devices. In particular, opto-electronic devices such as

• possible molecule-to-metal back transfer, or a combination of these two [13][14]. The fluorination of phthalocyanines represents an ideal route for the tuning of the ionization potential (IP), a basic electronic parameter which can significantly affect the interface dipole and thus the energy level

Interaction of iron phthalocyanine with the graphene/Ni(111) system

• Lorenzo Massimi,
• Simone Lisi,
• Daniela Pacilè,
• Carlo Mariani and
• Maria Grazia Betti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 308–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.34

• ; graphene; molecule–substrate interaction; Introduction The interest in the preparation of ordered layers of organic molecules is rapidly growing, because of the possibility to realize advanced electronic- and spin-based devices [1][2][3]. Transition-metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) are planar molecules that

Optimization of solution-processed oligothiophene:fullerene based organic solar cells by using solvent additives

• Gisela L. Schulz,
• Marta Urdanpilleta,
• Roland Fitzner,
• Eduard Brier,
• Elena Mena-Osteritz,
• Egon Reinold and
• Peter Bäuerle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 680–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.77

• [6], phthalocyanines [7], and squarine dyes [8][9] have all been investigated as promising donor materials in efficient BHJSCs. Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) up to 6.9% have been reported for oligomers based on vacuum-processed [10] and 8.2% for solution-processed single junction devices [11