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Search for "polymer" in Full Text gives 688 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52
- devices. The most often employed nanomaterials for electrochemical sensors are divided into four categories based on their chemical makeup: (i) metal oxides and metal-based materials (including MOF), (ii) dendrimers and polymer-based, (iii) carbonaceous materials, and (iv) hybrids or composites. Because
Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44
- production of liquid sensors, besides the constant need for sensor recalibration, has hindered broader commercialization of such devices [13][20]. A wide variety of materials have been explored for liquid sensing. For instance, electrically conductive polymer composites (CPCs), which are generally composed
- of lightweight materials comprising a conductive ingredient (e.g., carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, graphene oxide, and metal particles) embedded in a polymer matrix, have been extensively studied as liquid sensors [14][15][16][17][21][22]. The main idea is to combine the responsive electrical
- properties of carbon nanostructured materials with the polymer’s distinguished mechanical properties. These composites are usually non-selective and can react to various ambient stimuli [20][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Among polymers, cellulose is the most abundant natural organic polymer on earth. It
Microneedle patches – the future of drug delivery and vaccination?
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 494–495, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.40
- originally developed for the microelectronics industry; they were inevitably made from silicon. Since then, silicon MNs have been largely abandoned in favour of polymer versions because of their superior mechanical properties, biocompatibility, ease of manufacture, and ultimate scalability [5][6]. Polymer
- vivo studies for example. In the meantime, progress towards large-scale manufacture of moulded polymer MNs is progressing at pace, with the aid of new advanced 3D mould fabrication tools [10]. This special edition provides a snapshot of current research into MNs and their applications. It focuses on
Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36
- (PPy), polyaniline (PANI), and polydopamine (PDA) (Figure 5). Polypyrrole: Polypyrrole (PPy), a conjugated conducting polymer, has a broad optical absorption spectrum and is an excellent solar thermal material. PPy is a promising candidate because of its inexpensive and simple synthetic process
- broad light absorption, high photothermal conversion efficiency, biocompatibility, and hydrophilicity. The resulting polymer is highly conjugated due to the aromatization of the ethylamine moiety via cyclization and, accordingly, PDA is widely used as a PTM for SSG applications [43][44][45][46][47][48
- [51]. Nanofibers Polymer-based nanofibers can be produced from various processable polymers, and they have wide application possibilities with improved physical properties compared to the pristine polymer solids. Polymer-based nanofibers have characteristic properties, such as a high surface-to-volume
Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35
- properties. The development of functional materials is an important key to solving various problems in human society. Functional materials have been created together with developments of well-established science such as organic chemistry [4][5][6], inorganic chemistry [7][8][9], polymer chemistry [10][11][12
- materials systems using nanoscale units such as atoms, molecules, and nanomaterials. Nanoarchitectonics also integrates nanotechnology with other research fields such as organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, polymer chemistry, supramolecular chemistry, coordination chemistry, materials science
- allows a wide variety of nonplanar aromatic hydrocarbons to be built and highly distorted structures to be synthesized. These nonplanar aromatic hydrocarbons are expected to have a wide range of applications, including semiconductors, light-emitting devices, bioimaging, and pharmaceuticals. As a polymer
Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31
- range of uses such as antibacterial and antimicrobial agents, healthcare-related products, medical device coatings, anticancer agents, optical sensors, anti-inflammatory agents, biocatalysts, cosmetics, and biosensors [41][42][43][44][45]. The combination of polymer-coated metal nanoparticles
The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea 10.3762/bjnano.14.30 Abstract The potential of therapeutically loaded nanoparticles (NPs) has been successfully demonstrated during the last decade, with NP-mediated nonviral gene delivery
Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29
- , particularly by the phase inversion composition method, and the use of these nanoemulsions as templates for the preparation of polymer nanoparticles for biomedical applications are reviewed. The methods of preparation, nature of the components in the formulation, and their impact on the physicochemical
- , nanoparticle concentration, surface functionalization, and the type of polymers that can be processed. Keywords: ethyl cellulose; nanoemulsions; nanomedicine; phase inversion composition (PIC) method; PLGA; polymer nanoparticles; polyuria; polyurethane; surfactants; Review 1 Introduction The field of
- research on the fabrication of polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions, focusing on phase inversion composition. We particularly emphasize their biomedical applications as drug carriers. 2 Nanoemulsions Nanoemulsions are constituted by nanoscale droplets (20–200 nm) dispersed in a continuous
Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23
- targeting motifs, multifunctional and multistage nanomicelles and polymer nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid nanocarriers, combined with precision oncology research to identify additional targetable biomarkers, have emerged. Some have been applied in the co-delivery of clinically relevant combinations
- of molecularly targeted drugs, chemotherapeutic agents, and siRNA. Historically, the most promising first-generation, passive targeting, stealth polymer NPs for anticancer drug/gene delivery are hydrophobic core–hydrophilic shell NPs including (i) self-assembled kinetically stable amphiphilic block
- copolymer core–shell NPs, (ii) polymer–polypeptide hybrid core–shell NPs, and (iii) polymer–lipid hybrid core–shell NPs additionally decorated with ligands for overexpressed receptors on cancer cells [92]. Traditionally selected overexpressed cancer cell surface markers for the active targeting of NPs
Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21
- too bulky (and non-planar) and hardly accommodated by the cavity. In many cases, the photoisomerization of azobenzene can proceed smoothly even in nanoarchitectures. For example, photoresponsive supramolecular nanoparticles were prepared from azobenzene-modified β-CyD and a polymer involving α-CyD
- are disassembled to release the encapsulated drugs. β-CyD units have been connected to mesoporous silica nanoparticles via a disulfide linkage, and azobenzene molecules have been bound to a galactose-grafted polymer [49]. Prior to photoirradiation, the trans isomer of azobenzene forms an inclusion
- , only the trans isomer of mAzo efficiently forms inclusion complexes with β-CyD (Figure 2). The surface of mesoporous silica nanoparticles was modified with β-CyD and covered with a polymer bearing mAzo units [51]. Drugs were loaded in the pores of the silica nanoparticles. Prior to photoirradiation
A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19
- an efficient Pt-based catalyst for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) by using a cost-effective and efficient physical method to deposit platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) on carbon supports directly from the platinum target. The method developed avoids the chemical functionalization of the
- electric power generation. Among various fuel cells, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have received considerable attention because of several physicochemical advantages over other fuel cell types [1][2][3][4][5]. PEMFCs, constructed of polymer electrolyte membranes as the proton conductor
- cost of PEMFCs depend on the materials used to construct their major components, which are anode, cathode, and polymer electrolyte membranes [3][6]. Therefore, supplying good-performance materials with controlled nanostructures to fuel cell technology is a crucial issue [7]. One solution to this
Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17
- Belgrade, Serbia Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84 541 Bratislava, Slovakia J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 182 23, Praha 8, Czech Republic Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6
- as polymer-like nanoparticles of amorphous carbon with embedded partially sp2-hybridized atomic domains [8]. In this structure, electrons are partially delocalized over the domain area, but a strong coupling of the amorphous host matrix is maintained continuously. CQDs are well known as chemically
- (nitrogen, chlorine, and fluorine) affected structural properties and ROS production with or without visible light irradiation. In addition, we examined antibacterial and cytotoxic properties. An important issue is the preparation of CQDs and polymer-based composites and their possible antibacterial
Batch preparation of nanofibers containing nanoparticles by an electrospinning device with multiple air inlets
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 141–150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.15
- force (Ph) caused by the fluctuation height of spinning solution, surface tension (Ps) of the spinning solution, and electric field force (PE) produced by the applied voltage. These forces determine whether a jet could be formed at point A. The polymer fluid surface tension would make the liquid surface
- shrink and bend as much as possible, and the change of external electric field would interact with the accumulated charges on the polymer fluid surface, making the charge density on the charged fluid surface uneven. Accordingly, the formulas to calculate these three forces are as follows: where ρ is the
- density of spinning solution (kg/m3), g is the gravitational acceleration (m/s2), h is the fluctuation height of the polymer spinning solution (m), γ is the surface tension coefficient of the spinning solution (N/m), ε0 is vacuum dielectric constant, E0 is the edge electric field intensity (V/m), Ep is
Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11
- photoinduced approach was investigated for textile functionalization with a silver@polymer self-assembled nanocomposite. By exposing the photosensitive formulation containing a silver precursor, a photoinitiator, and acrylic monomers to a UV source, highly reflective metallic coatings were obtained directly on
- nanocomposites exhibited remarkable microbial growth inhibitory effects. Keywords: antimicrobial properties; C. albicans fungus; E. coli bacteria; photoinduced functionalized textile; silver/polymer nanomaterials; Introduction The proliferation of microorganisms is a major concern for health organizations
- adhesion, etc.) [32][33]. The deposition techniques are also costly, time-consuming and restrictive (under vacuum, numerous steps, toxic chemicals, etc.), which limits industrial scale-up options. Nanometal-polymer coatings offer an interesting alternative to the aforementioned metallized textiles. Such
Liquid phase exfoliation of talc: effect of the medium on flake size and shape
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 68–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.8
- phyllosilicate group [12]. Phyllosilicates are crystalline minerals with a basic Si2O5 composition that exhibit a layer structure, making them ideal candidates for mechanical exfoliation. Talc already has several industrial applications [12], ranging from polymer and ceramics fillers [13][14][15][16] to
Solvent-induced assembly of mono- and divalent silica nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 52–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.6
- by liquid bridging [23], and into a series of structures under an AC electric field [24]. The linear self-assembly of patchy gold nanorods tethered with hydrophobic polymer chains at both ends can be triggered by solvophobic attractions induced by a change in solvent quality [25]. By using post
Utilizing the surface potential of a solid electrolyte region as the potential reference in Kelvin probe force microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1558–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.129
- the reduction of Ti ions in the solid electrolyte owing to direct contact between the Li metal and solid electrolyte, a poly(ethylene oxide)-based polymer electrolyte film (Osaka Soda Co., Ltd.), denoted PEO, was inserted between them. Before the KPFM measurements, the sample was heated at 150 °C for
- oxide)-based polymer electrolyte film, denoted PEO, is inserted between the metallic Li and the solid electrolyte to avoid reduction of Ti ions. A DC voltage is applied between the two Au electrodes. The left Au electrode (Au1) potential relative to the metallic Li electrode (vs Li+/Li) is measured
- , shown in Figure 1. Potential of Au1 and Au2 electrodes relative to the Li reference electrode at each applied DC voltage during the KPFM measurements. Acknowledgements We thank Osaka Soda Co., Ltd. for the supply of the polymer electrolyte film. Funding This work was partially supported by the
Induced electric conductivity in organic polymers
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1551–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.128
- currents limited by the space charge. At temperatures below ≈8 K, a number of samples exhibit features that can be explained by the effect of induced superconductivity in a thin film of conducting polymer enclosed between two massive superconductors (lead). Keywords: conducting polymer; superconductivity
- ]. The effect is interpreted as stimulation of metallic state [2]. Poly(diphenylene phthalide) (PDP) was chosen as the object of study being a representative electro-active polymer demonstrating induced electric conductivity. PDP is a carbocyclic polymer with high chemical and thermal stability
- ) × 103 without the formation of a gel fraction have been found. A model image of the structural unit of the PDP polymer is shown in Figure 1a. Polymers of this class are soluble in organic solvents and have exceptional film-forming properties [5][6]. According to these results, continuous homogeneous
Non-stoichiometric magnetite as catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 2,6-dibromo-4-methylphenol – a new approach in water treatment
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1531–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.126
- , BFRs), wood preservatives, and components in the polymer industry [4][5]. Bromophenols from various industries can cause severe contamination of soil, sediment, and water [6][7]. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) has listed BPs as hazardous waste with strict environmental
Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115
- polymer approved by the FDA, which can be synthesized as a copolymer of lactic and glycolic acids at various monomer ratios [21]. With its chemical structure suitable for the preparation of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems and its polymeric structure suitable for drug release profile designs, it is
- frequently used in research especially in the development of nanoparticulate drug formulations [17][22][23][24]. Chitosan (CS) is a common biocompatible polymer used extensively in drug delivery applications as a vehicle for drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids. Also, it is used as a coating polymer in nano
- prepared nanoparticles [78]. Encapsulated DCX was extracted from freeze-dried NPs formulations. Briefly, drug and polymer were dissolved by adding 1 mL of methanol to the lyophilized nanoparticles. This mixture was vortexed for 1 min, and then bath sonication was applied for 1 min. This mixture was then
Supramolecular assembly of pentamidine and polymeric cyclodextrin bimetallic core–shell nanoarchitectures
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1361–1369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.112
- ability of the β-cyclodextrin polymer (PolyCD) to act as a symbiont of both MNPs and BMNPs [14]. Specifically, functional groups of PolyCD (i.e., amines, primary and secondary alcohols, and hemiacetals) are involved in the direct reduction of gold ions to Au NPs (Figure 1). PolyCD-capped Au NPs showed an
- redispersed in deuterium oxide to perform NMR analyses. The 1H NMR spectra of PolyCD, nanoG, and nanoGS provided only limited structural information due to the complex structure of PolyCD and/or its eventual oxidated derivatives. The pattern of resonances attributed to the β-CD-branched polymer was very
- similar for all the samples. Specifically, two distinct broad regions of signals in the range between 5.0–5.5 ppm and 3.0–4.5 ppm attributed to the CD anomeric protons and to all the remaining resonances of the polymer, respectively, were detected (Figure 3A). Interestingly, after the formation of
Laser-processed antiadhesive bionic combs for handling nanofibers inspired by nanostructures on the legs of cribellate spiders
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1268–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.105
- nanostructure on the calamistrum in fact reduces adhesion of native spider silk and that this reduced adhesion can be mimicked by artificially structured polymer foils [14]. In order to technically integrate these antiadhesive structures, the structures have to be adapted as typical technical nanofibers differ
- , Switzerland) pointprobe. Electrospinning Electrospinning was performed using a custom-made setup (Figure 11). The liquid PA-6 solution consisting of 6 g PA-6 polymer, 15 g formic acid, and 29 g acetic acid was mixed at 80 °C for about 90 min. The dope solution was delivered to the blunt needle tip (Sterican
Role of titanium and organic precursors in molecular layer deposition of “titanicone” hybrid materials
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1240–1255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.103
- the bridging between the polymer chains in the film and this also improves the stability of the film. Nanoindentation experiments [30] showed also that GL-based titanicones have much higher elastic modulus and higher hardness compared to EG-based titanicones. Annealing experiments indicated a higher
Roll-to-roll fabrication of superhydrophobic pads covered with nanofur for the efficient clean-up of oil spills
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1228–1239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.102
- fabricate such a surface featuring the lotus effect, solely through structuring, is hot pulling of a polymer surface. This technique provides the so-called nanofur, which consists of a polymer surface densely covered with a polymeric fur of extremely thin hair-like structures. Here, we present a continuous
- , the polymer foils are equipped with tiny holes through which oil is absorbed and finally saved in the embedded oil-absorbing material. Results and Discussion This chapter is written in two parts. The first one describes the fabrication process for large area nanofur, and the second one deals with the
- universal process steps. First, a thin polymer foil is extruded on a sacrificial layer (Figure 1a). In a second step, the nanofur is hot-pulled from this extruded film in a R2R machine with a sandblasted roller. Subsequently, the nanofur film can be peeled of the sacrificial layer (Figure 1b). This
Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100
- , including biomolecular layers, chiral molecular assemblies, polymer hybrids, inorganic nanostructures, and metal crystals. Review Construction of molecular layers for chiral sensing by QCM Organic molecular layers are the most common selectors used for chiral recognition in the QCM system. The selector
- modified QCM sensors [29]. The sensor layers were constructed by self-assembly of ʟ(ᴅ)-Val monolayers or comb-teeth-type grafted polymer brushes with ʟ(ᴅ)-Val. According to the frequency shifts upon bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption, ʟ-Val-modified sensors were shown to have a stronger binding to BSA
- blocking layer between R-Nap and BSA. This suggested that this stronger interaction with R-Nap rather than with S-Nap should arise from different steric hindrance effects between BSA and R/S-Nap. The result was consistent with the QCM measurements. Polymer-based films for chirality sensing Polymers have
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