Different endocytotic uptake mechanisms for nanoparticles in epithelial cells and macrophages

• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Benjamin Michen,
• Fabian Blank,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1625–1636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.174

• as 40 nm hydrodynamic diameter) polystyrene (PS) particles (Molecular Probes, Luzern, Switzerland) were used for the study. The particles were characterized in terms of size by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The hydrodynamic radius was acquired by DLS (3D

Template-directed synthesis and characterization of microstructured ceramic Ce/ZrO₂@SiO₂ composite tubes

• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Meike Naumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1152–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.126

• hollow SiO2 microtubes by exo-templating Tubular structures of ternary oxide CeO2/ZrO2@SiO2 were synthesized by using a multistep synthesis route. In the first step, dense fibrous mats of polystyrene (PS) fibers were obtained by an electrospinning process [15]. An inorganic/polymer composite, PS/silica

• a Senterra Raman microscope at 785 nm exitation wavelength. Electrospinning was carried out on a home-build electrospray setup under the specified conditions. Synthesis of silica microtubes and ceria/zirconia@silica composite microtubes 16 g polystyrene (PS) granules were added into 85 mL of a DMF

• deposited onto structured one-dimensional objects is presented. In particular, CeO2/ZrO2@SiO2 composite tubes were synthesized in a two-step procedure by using electrospun polystyrene fibers as fiber template. First, a sol–gel approach based on an exo-templating technique was employed to obtain polystyrene

The study of surface wetting, nanobubbles and boundary slip with an applied voltage: A review

• Yunlu Pan,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1042–1065, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.117

• this review, the influence of an applied voltage on the surface wettability, nanobubbles, surface charge density and slip length are discussed. The contact angle (CA) and contact angle hysteresis (CAH) of a droplet of deionized (DI) water on a hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) surface were measured with

• polystyrene (PS) surface is discussed, followed by the study of the nanobubbles on a PS surface with applied voltage. The influence of applied voltage on the surface charge density and boundary slip on an octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) surface is discussed as well. The relationship between nanobubbles at the

Hole-mask colloidal nanolithography combined with tilted-angle-rotation evaporation: A versatile method for fabrication of low-cost and large-area complex plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials

• Jun Zhao,
• Bettina Frank,
• Frank Neubrech,
• Chunjie Zhang,
• Paul V. Braun and
• Harald Giessen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 577–586, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.68

• hydrophobicity of the PMMA layer. Before drop coating of the polystyrene (PS) spheres, which have negative electric surface charges, we should bring at first a net positive charge to the polymer layer for a better adherence and arrangement. Here we use a poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) solution

Dye-doped spheres with plasmonic semi-shells: Lasing modes and scattering at realistic gain levels

• Nikita Arnold,
• Boyang Ding,
• Calin Hrelescu and
• Thomas A. Klar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 974–987, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.110

• narrowing of the Mie scattering spectrum and small signal gain could become detectable. Numerical modeling Figure 1 depicts the geometry of the silver capped spheres and the orientation of the incoming electromagnetic wave. A dye-doped polystyrene (PS) sphere of 390 nm diameter is capped with a semi-shell

• approached from below [36]. Here, we define the extinction cross section as σex = σsc + σab, irrespectively of the sign of σab. To get realistic simulation parameters, we determined the chromophore density in dye-doped polystyrene (PS) spheres, which are commercially available from Thermo-Scientific (Waltham

Multiple regimes of operation in bimodal AFM: understanding the energy of cantilever eigenmodes

• Daniel Kiracofe,
• Arvind Raman and
• Dalia Yablon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 385–393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.45

• polypropylene (PP, ExxonMobil Chemical Company), high density polyethylene (PE, ExxonMobil Chemical Company), and polystyrene (PS, Polysciences). A blend of 3:1:1 (by mass) of PP/PE/PS was prepared in a Brabender mixer (Brabender Instruments, South Hackensack, NJ) at 180 °C, 60 rpm, and 5 min of mixing and then

Polynomial force approximations and multifrequency atomic force microscopy

• Daniel Platz,
• Daniel Forchheimer,
• Erik A. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 352–360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.41

• reconstruction allows for the extraction of properties such as surface adhesion, sample stiffness or interaction geometry. We demonstrate this extraction of surface properties with high-resolution stiffness maps on a blend of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Polynomial reconstruction, and

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

• . Hinds et al. [138] and then Chopra et al. [139] used, instead of a spin-on-glass matrix, a polystyrene (PS) matrix. By means of refined experimental examinations, the first group proved an efficient molecular transport through the CNTs cores, opening perspectives in chemical separation and sensing. The

Interpreting motion and force for narrow-band intermodulation atomic force microscopy

• Daniel Platz,
• Daniel Forchheimer,
• Erik A. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 45–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.5

• or AM-AFM such a measurement would require much longer measurement time since multiple surface approaches with different amplitudes would be required. With ImAFM all the data is acquired during a single surface approach. We use ImAFM approach curves to reconstruct FI and FQ maps on a polystyrene (PS

Tuning the properties of magnetic thin films by interaction with periodic nanostructures

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Felix Haering,
• Stefan Nau,
• Carsten Schulze,
• Herbert Schletter,
• Denys Makarov,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Karsten Kuepper,
• Manfred Albrecht,
• Johannes Boneberg and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 831–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.93

• by the approaches mentioned above. The technique is based on self-assembly and homogeneous size reduction of polystyrene (PS) colloids [19] ending up with a non-close-packed monolayer of colloidal particles, which, in turn, serves as a template for the subsequent deposition of magnetic films. In the

Polymer blend lithography: A versatile method to fabricate nanopatterned self-assembled monolayers

• Cheng Huang,
• Markus Moosmann,
• Jiehong Jin,
• Tobias Heiler,
• Stefan Walheim and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 620–628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.71

• and conditions, including the ambient atmosphere (humidity), the molar mass of the polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and the mass ratio between the two polymers in the blend solution, the formation of a purely lateral morphology (PS islands standing on the substrate while isolated

• by AFM. Together with the chemical variability, polymer-blend lithography (PBL) can become an important tool for studying surface-initiated processes. Experimental Polymer solution: Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA, Mw = 9.59 kg/mol, PDI = 1.05) and polystyrene (PS, Mw = 96 kg/mol, PDI = 1.04) were

Plasmonic nanostructures fabricated using nanosphere-lithography, soft-lithography and plasma etching

• Manuel R. Gonçalves,
• Taron Makaryan,
• Fabian Enderle,
• Stefan Wiedemann,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Othmar Marti and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 448–458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.49

• this kind require large area nanostructured surfaces. Thus only methods allowing large scale lithography/patterning are appropriate for this purpose. E-beam lithography and FIB based nanofabrication would be prohibitively expensive. The most common fabrication technique using arrays of polystyrene (PS

• depicted in Figure 4. The topography of the structures at different stages of fabrication was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) (Figure 2, Figure 5 and Figure 7) and by SEM (Figure 6). The optical measurements performed on coated hemispheres, polystyrene (PS) spheres and on coated arrays of

• , angular resolved reflectance spectroscopy is required as a function of the angle of incidence to confirm directional effects. Experimental Two-dimensional colloidal crystals Colloidal suspensions of polystyrene (PS) beads of different sizes, in water, were purchased from Thermo Scientific. Sizes of 400 nm

Single-pass Kelvin force microscopy and dC/dZ measurements in the intermittent contact: applications to polymer materials

• Sergei Magonov and
• John Alexander

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 15–27, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.2

• , and a shiny surface of the alloy sheet was examined by AFM. Polymer films were prepared by the spin-casting of a droplet of a dilute solution of the polymer on the substrates. Thin films of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polymer blends PMMA with polystyrene (PS) and PS with poly(vinyl acetate

Preparation and characterization of supported magnetic nanoparticles prepared by reverse micelles

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Luyang Han,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 24–47, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.5

• present contribution. It is worth noting, however, that in the interim the carrier principle has also been transferred to spherical colloidal polystyrene (PS) particles which can be loaded with various metal precursors by emulsion and miniemulsion methods [57][58]. 1.2 Polymers and precursors In the