Effects of drug concentration and PLGA addition on the properties of electrospun ampicillin trihydrate-loaded PLA nanofibers

• Tuğba Eren Böncü and
• Nurten Ozdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 245–254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.19

• area, high encapsulation efficiency, high porosity, and superior mechanical properties [5][6][7]. In our study, FDA-approved polylactic acid (PLA) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), which are frequently preferred polymers in the production of polymeric nanofibers, were used because they are

• composition, porosity, average size, distribution, individual nanofiber orientation, interaction between nanofibers, and arrangement and entanglement of the nanofibers [27][28][29]. When the mechanical properties of PLA nanofibers containing different amounts of drug were examined, the increase in the amount

• deformation behavior as fibers with a larger diameter tend to display bulk-like properties and have a compact arrangement and stable structure [8][32]. ii) An increase in diameter causes a decrease in porosity [8]. iii) PLGA has more enhanced mechanical properties that those of PLA [33]. In addition, Zhang et

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• rejection [11]. TiO2 nanomaterials with tailored porosity have already been developed as an alternative orthopedic implantation material as they support cell adhesion, viability, growth, and differentiation, which are favorable in bone tissue growth and biological implant fixation [12]. Moreover, to

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• recent years. On account of the unique properties such as high surface area, high porosity, mechanical strength, and controllable surface morphologies, electrospun nanofiber membranes have been found to have a great potential in many disciplines. Pure electrospun fiber mats modified with different

• fibers with plenty of exciting properties. The distinctive, exciting properties such as a high surface area to volume ratio, high porosity, interconnected pores, narrow pore size distribution, excellent mechanical, electrical and chemical properties and the tunability of the properties by precise

• into cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) [15]. ENH membranes, along with their high porosity and high aspect ratio, possess a high permeation ability, adsorbability, and selectivity, which makes them excellent for environmental remediation, specifically for the adsorption and filtration of

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• final sites and come to rest. The formation of large clusters is thus explained by DLA [52][53][54]. Like nano/micromaterials, fabricated fractals too, show enhanced sensing abilities due to high porosity (size, number, and pore interconnectivity) and surface area, and high physical connectivity within

• interconnections, fractal dimension, density, and average size of the fractal clusters. A sensitivity of 0.8 at 450 °C for 500 ppm of CO was achieved. Lower fractal dimension (D = 1.818 at 450 °C) and density favored a higher sensitivity towards CO. This could be due to the increased porosity of the structures

• the sensor, while Figure 12d shows individual EDS maps of Si, Pt, O, and Ti. The fabricated sensor displayed good sensitivity towards acetone under exposure to UV light with a detection limit greater than 97% at 10 ppb. The exceptional sensitivity achieved was attributed to high porosity, network

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• biodegradable and biocompatible nature. It was first shown in 1995 that, by introducing porosity into silicon, the material behaviour can change to provide a bioactive and even resorbable material [92]. Unlike bulk silicon, in alkalescent media (pH ≈ 7.5), porous silicon is broken down by hydrolysis in living

• organisms. In addition, highly porous silicon (>50%) with nanoscale pore channels in the range of 5–25 nm can be used as biocompatible containers for loading and release of drugs [39]. The porosity of the porous silicon particle determines the effectiveness of the drug loading with bigger pore sizes being

• used to accommodate large organic molecules [39][92]. In physiological environments, porous silicon microneedles are capable of biodegradation at a rate of dissolution depending on the chemical nature of their initial surface, the acidity of the solution, and the porosity and morphology of the

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• rather large (up to 170%) and may damage the cathode and lead to capacity loss [4]. Nanoscaling the cathode compounds and the concomitant introduction of porosity is a widely investigated strategy to mitigate the emerging mechanical tension and to prevent electrode failure [18][24]. Unlike sodium-ion

Uniform arrays of gold nanoelectrodes with tuneable recess depth

• Elena O. Gordeeva,
• Ilya V. Roslyakov,
• Alexey P. Leontiev,
• Alexey A. Klimenko and
• Kirill S. Napolskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 957–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.72

• 49.0 ± 0.1 µm in thickness (H) and possessed a periodic 2D hexagonal arrangement of pores of the diameter Dp = 28 ± 6 nm with an interpore distance Dint = 100.9 ± 0.7 nm. The calculated porosity was 7%, and the pore density was 1.1 × 1010 cm−2. To form a current collector, a 150 nm thick Cu layer was

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

Boosting of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via chlorine doping of polymeric carbon nitride

• Malgorzata Aleksandrzak,
• Michalina Kijaczko,
• Wojciech Kukulka,
• Daria Baranowska,
• Martyna Baca,
• Beata Zielinska and
• Ewa Mijowska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 473–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.38

• 84.77% to 87.23%. The schematic representation of the as-synthesized material structure is shown in Figure 5. The porosity of polymeric carbon nitride and PCN doped with chlorine was tested by the N2 adsorption–desorption experiment. The typical IV isotherms with H3 hysteresis loops are observed in the

Structural and optical characteristics determined by the sputtering deposition conditions of oxide thin films

• Petronela Prepelita,
• Florin Garoi and
• Valentin Craciun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 354–365, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.29

• transmission in the visible range decreases and the porosity at the film surface increases, which is justified by the lack of applied heat treatment. The dispersion of the refractive index for the investigated samples shows a normal dispersion in the considered spectral range (Figure 11). The plots indicate

Exploring the fabrication and transfer mechanism of metallic nanostructures on carbon nanomembranes via focused electron beam induced processing

• Christian Preischl,
• Linh Hoang Le,
• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 319–329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.26

• arbitrary substrates or grids to obtain free-standing 2D membranes [25]. The specific choice of the self-assembling molecules determines the thickness, porosity, stiffness, and the mechanical/electrical properties of the resulting CNM [26][27]. The SAMs that are used for the fabrication of CNMs consist of

Effect of different silica coatings on the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Helena Oliveira and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 35–48, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.3

• -shelled samples (sample UC@thick_RBITC_NH2). The silica shells of the dye-doped samples were slightly thicker than those of the samples without the dye, as APS and RBITC-APS slightly increase the porosity of the silica shell. Consequently, identical amounts of silica per particle result in slightly

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

Oxidation of Au/Ag films by oxygen plasma: phase separation and generation of nanoporosity

• Abdel-Aziz El Mel,
• Said A. Mansour,
• Mujaheed Pasha,
• Atef Zekri,
• Janarthanan Ponraj,
• Akshath Shetty and
• Yousef Haik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1608–1614, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.143

• originates from their special architecture and porosity, resulting in an extremely high specific surface area, at the nanometer scale, which can be suitable for many applications [10]. Details related to the silver oxidation process using either oxygen plasma or ozone have been previously reported [6][7][8

• . Interestingly, these microspheres do not cover the entire film surface but are rather randomly distributed over the surface. Moreover, when examining the surface an increase in porosity is noticed, probably as a consequence of the decrease in film density due to the migration of the oxidized silver toward the

• , resulting in a mobility decrease at the surface; and (2) the high porosity of the film which serves as a support for the surface diffusion of silver. The clusters formed during the early stages of the process serve as nucleation sites which grow into larger spheres as the oxidation process evolves. The

Fabrication of nano/microstructures for SERS substrates using an electrochemical method

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Xiaoping Li,
• Junjie Yang,
• Zhengkai Li,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Xinming Zhang and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1568–1576, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.139

• mechanical stirring cooling system. To study the influence of surface conditions (e.g., porosity and roughness) on the SERS intensity, the duration of the PEO treatment was set as the single variable (1, 2, and 5 min), as shown in Table 1. The structured Mg surfaces were coated with Au of varying thickness

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

• Sebastian Tigges,
• Nicolas Wöhrl,
• Ivan Radev,
• Ulrich Hagemann,
• Markus Heidelmann,
• Thai Binh Nguyen,
• Stanislav Gorelkov,
• Stephan Schulz and
• Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

• ) micrograph in Figure 2a. Pt-NPs (black dots) are homogeneously distributed across the entire porous carbon sheet (grey areas). The porosity of the support can be observed in the dark-field TEM micrograph (Figure 2b) and has been reported to be beneficial in electrocatalysis, as it reduces mass transport

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• were submitted to carbonization under a N2 atmosphere at 1100 °C. The influence of the ordering and porosity of CGCNFs on their electrochemical performance was studied. The results showed that by adding deionized water to the spinning solution one could increase the number of mesopores and the specific

• specific surface area. The increase in the specific surface area of the electrode due to increased porosity facilitates ion transportation, which increases the conductivity of monolithic electrodes [24][25][26]. Although the porous carbon nanofibers have a high specific surface area, their low electrical

• mesopores to be used as a material to synthesize supercapacitor electrodes. The method used in our previous work to induce porosity was the carbonization of the OPPGCNFs, obtained by MPEM, at 1100 °C under a N2 atmosphere [33]. The results showed that the number of mesopores and the specific surface area of

Gas sorption porosimetry for the evaluation of hard carbons as anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries

• Yuko Matsukawa,
• Fabian Linsenmann,
• Maximilian A. Plass,
• George Hasegawa,
• Katsuro Hayashi and
• Tim-Patrick Fellinger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1217–1229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.106

• importantly CO2, sorption porosimetry turned out to be the preferred methods to evaluate the likelihood for excessive irreversible capacities. The methods are also useful to select the relatively most promising active materials within chemically similar materials. A quantitative relation of porosity

• size assignments [27]. Considering the expected complex interdependencies of the porosity/pore size distribution of HCs with their electrochemical properties, a combination of these sorption techniques seems reasonable. To minimize capacity losses due to SEI formation in graphite-based LIBs, the

• appears to be more reasonable. Pore size distributions of the HT carbons derived from CO2 sorption data using the Monte Carlo method were centered around 0.5 nm with less abundant larger pores between 0.7 and 1.5 nm (Figure 2b). RF-1600 does not have pores smaller than 0.5 nm with main porosity

Plant growth regulation by seed coating with films of alginate and auxin-intercalated layered double hydroxides

• Vander A. de Castro,
• Valber G. O. Duarte,
• Danúbia A. C. Nobre,
• Geraldo H. Silva,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Frederico G. Pinto,
• Willian R. Macedo and
• Jairo Tronto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1082–1091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.93

• in the UV–vis region (37.1%) and the Zn/Al molar ratio of 2, the following formula is proposed for the hybrid material: Zn2Al(OH)6](NAA)·3H2O (calculated: 37.1% of NAA; 10.8% of H2O). The morphology and porosity of LDHs can change depending on the synthesis method and also on the chemical

Highly sensitive detection of estradiol by a SERS sensor based on TiO₂ covered with gold nanoparticles

• Andrea Brognara,
• Ili F. Mohamad Ali Nasri,
• Beatrice R. Bricchi,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,
• Matteo Ghidelli and
• Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1026–1035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.87

• Si(100) and soda-lime glass substrates, which were mounted on a sample holder at a fixed target-to-substrate distance of 5 cm. Changing the background pressure within the deposition chamber allowed for a tuning of the film morphology (i.e., a higher pressure resulted in a higher film porosity) [28

• porosity were deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) as already reported in [28]. By increasing the background O2 pressure during deposition it is possible to deposit films that are more porous. Samples were therefore synthetized at background pressures of 8 or 12 Pa. Au layers were then evaporated on

• phase (as demonstrated by Raman spectra, not shown) and caused dewetting in the Au layer with the subsequent formation of NPs [32]. Evaporation and dewetting of Au on TiO2 layers with different porosity was carried out to exploit the effect of the surface morphology on the formation of Au NPs, yielding

Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films

• Dumitru Tsiulyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85

• were interpreted in terms of an increase in disorder (amorphization), leading to an increase in the surface chemical activity of chalcogenides, as well as an increase in the active surface area due to substrate porosity. Keywords: gas-sensing properties; NO2; tellurium thin films; nanocrystalline

• increase in the chemical activity of chalcogenides at the surface when disorder (amorphization) increases [32][33] and to the increase in the active area caused by substrate porosity. Another interesting feature observed in the experiments was the spontaneous reduction (or sometimes increase) in the gas

• surface area due to increased substrate porosity. SEM of Te films grown: a) on Pyrex glass at a rate of 10 nm/s and b) on nanostructured Al2O3 substrates at a rate of 30 nm/s. Scale bar is 5 µm. XRD diffraction patterns of Te films grown on Pyrex glass (A) or nanostructured Al2O3 (B) substrates

Electrochemical nanostructuring of (111) oriented GaAs crystals: from porous structures to nanowires

• Elena I. Monaico,
• Eduard V. Monaico,
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki,
• Shashank Honnali,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Karin Leistner,
• Kornelius Nielsch and
• Ion M. Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 966–975, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.81

• electrolytes is performed in galvanostatic and potentiostatic anodization modes. Anodization in NaCl electrolytes was found to result in the formation of porous structures with porosity controlled either by current under the galvanostatic anodization, or by the potential under the potentiostatic anodization

• intersect each other without changing their direction of propagation during growth. As one can see from Figure 1A, the degree of porosity decreases with decreasing the anodization current density. The situation is different when the GaAs crystals are anodized on the (111)B surface. During anodization in the

• galvanostatic mode at current densities similar to those applied during anodizing the (111)A surface (15, 10, and 5 mA), three porous layers are formed with different degrees of porosity, but the pores are parallel to each other and they grow perpendicularly to the crystal surface (Figure 1B). The same

Atomic layer deposition for efficient oxygen evolution reaction at Pt/Ir catalyst layers

• Stefanie Schlicht,
• Korcan Percin,
• Stefanie Kriescher,
• André Hofer,
• Claudia Weidlich,
• Matthias Wessling and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 952–959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.79

• prominent presence of catalytically more active Ir at the surface. The geometric effect of felt porosity is also prevalent on the graphs. The best sample achieves 26.8 μA·cm−2 at η = 0.4 V, which corresponds to a mass activity of 557 A·g−1. This catalyst coating yields (as compared to the thermal

A 3D-polyphenylalanine network inside porous alumina: Synthesis and characterization of an inorganic–organic composite membrane

• Jonathan Stott and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.78

• -dimensional fibrillar network with intrinsic porosity was formed in DCM, whereas in THF, a dense and smooth polypeptide film was observed. A post-treatment with a mixture of chloroform and dichloroacetic acid leads to rearrangement of the morphology of the grafted polymer films. The analysis by scanning

• functionalization [33][34]. The surface of ALOX-membranes contains hydroxyl groups, which can be used for chemical modification [35]. Their porosity predetermines different conditions in wet chemical surface functionalization due to a restricted and diffusion limited transport of reactants to the inner surface of