Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations

• Michael R. Roenbeck and
• Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83

• ca. 1 μm thick and readily observable with AFM and other techniques [11][13][16][20][21]. It is expected to arise during Kevlar® fiber processing due to different cooling rates near the surface of the fiber and inside the fiber; consequently, Kevlar® fibers that undergo post-processing heat

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• wire. The CNT diameters, which often correlate to the particle size, show a similar trend, as discussed in the next section. CNT characterization The diameter of the synthesized CNTs has been measured using the image post-processing software DigimizerTM with 200–300 data points per sample to produce

Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction

• Karolina Cysewska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Marcin Zając,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34

• mainly on chemically synthesized catalysts, which usually required post-processing and some additives (e.g. Nafion) to form an ink to produce an OER electrode. This, in turn, significantly affects the final structure and electrocatalytic performance of the electrode. Therefore, in this work, the

A super-oscillatory step-zoom metalens for visible light

• Yi Zhou,
• Chao Yan,
• Peng Tian,
• Zhu Li,
• Yu He,
• Bin Fan,
• Zhiyong Wang,
• Yao Deng and
• Dongliang Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1220–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.101

• high optical loss and are not suitable for far-field imaging. As a result, it is still a huge challenge to achieve unlabeled far-field imaging without image post processing. Optical super-oscillation is a unique optical phenomenon in which an optical signal can oscillate faster locally than its maximum

Reliable fabrication of transparent conducting films by cascade centrifugation and Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of electrochemically exfoliated graphene

• Teodora Vićentić,
• Stevan Andrić,
• Vladimir Rajić and
• Marko Spasenović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 666–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.58

• processes can be produced from inexpensive and widely available centrifugal post-processing of existing commercially available solutions of electrochemically exfoliated graphene. The demonstrated methodology will lower the entry barriers for new research and industrial uses, since it allows researchers with

• size selection is the route to take towards the mass use of 2D materials in solution. Although size selection through post-processing with cascade centrifugation has been demonstrated in the context of ultrasonic LPE materials [30][31], to the best of our knowledge, the method has not been applied to

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• the white square). (c) Height profiles along lines 1 and 2 marked in Figure 4b. The measured depth is ≈0.1 nm. (d) High-magnification STM image of the monolayer irradiated at a dose of 25 mC/cm2. The voids are preferentially located in darker regions of the monolayer. This image was generated by post

• -processing of Supporting Information File 1, Figure S8a using the continuous wavelet transform function. (e) A high magnification view of the marked area in Figure 4d highlights the remainders of the ordered layer. (f) Top panel: lateral distribution of the voids. The fit (red dashed curve) follows a Poisson

A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures

• Irena Mihailova,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Marina Krasovska,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Valdis Mizers,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Andrejs Ogurcovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35

• ) shows the surface morphology of a thermally obtained copper oxide film. The resulting film is a homogeneous, polycrystalline oxide layer consisting of grains of arbitrary shape. In practice, this layer exhibits poor adhesion to the surface and can be easily damaged mechanically during post-processing

• . Figure 1c–f shows the morphology of the copper oxide layer obtained by chemical hydrothermal oxidation. The resulting coating is characterized by a high degree of uniformity, good adhesion to the copper surface and stability during post-processing. The resulting coating consists of a dense uniform layer

Theoretical understanding of electronic and mechanical properties of 1T′ transition metal dichalcogenide crystals

• Seyedeh Alieh Kazemi,
• Sadegh Imani Yengejeh,
• Vei Wang,
• William Wen and
• Yun Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 160–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.11

• fitting a second-order polynomial to the change on the total energy versus applied strain. The data are obtained from post-processing the VASP calculated results using the VASPKIT code [45]. The average values of G and B of bulk TMDs are obtained using the Voigt–Reuss–Hill average method [16]: The values

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

Two dynamic modes to streamline challenging atomic force microscopy measurements

• Alexei G. Temiryazev,
• Andrey V. Krayev and
• Marina P. Temiryazeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1226–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.90

• lines during subsequent image processing. In some cases, such as when high protrusions are adjacent to flat areas, this fitting will give poor results. Using VM yields high-quality raw images that do not require post-processing. Figure 2e and Figure S2 in Supporting Information File 1 illustrate this

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• multi-parameter problem. Indeed, different precursor molecules, substrate types, irradiation, replenishment and post-processing regimes, and additional molecular species that may facilitate precursor decomposition can be explored to improve the purity of grown deposits and increase the deposition rate

Open-loop amplitude-modulation Kelvin probe force microscopy operated in single-pass PeakForce tapping mode

• Gheorghe Stan and
• Pradeep Namboodiri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.83

• -KPFM [27][28]. The benefit of a CL KPFM method is that the CPD is readily obtained in the form of a final product that is assembled in a map over the scanned area. However, the detailed response of the electrostatic tip–sample interaction is not available in CL KPFM, so post-processing and modeling of

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

• for automating the post-processing of the HS-AFM images. AFM images need to be post-processed to remove unwanted image features such as background slopes and image artifacts. The large number of images can be best handled by automation of this process. Conventional methods for automated image

Scanning transmission imaging in the helium ion microscope using a microchannel plate with a delay line detector

• Eduardo Serralta,
• Nico Klingner,
• Olivier De Castro,
• Michael Mousley,
• Santhana Eswara,
• Serge Duarte Pinto,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1854–1864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.167

• the sample with the position (scattering angle) and time of the transmission events. Various imaging modes, such as bright field and dark field or the direct image of the transmitted signal, can be created by post-processing the collected STIM data. Furthermore, the detector has high spatial and

• transmission imaging mode and further tuning of acceptance angles can be done in post-processing. Additionally, ToF-resolved recording of the transmission events can be integrated into this system. Here, we use this system to study the mass-thickness-dependent contrast in amorphous materials and demonstrate

• information. Therefore, the user can generate BF, ADF, or other DF images through post-processing the transmission data at will at any time. The experiments were conducted using the npSCOPE prototype, which is a high-vacuum instrument based on the gas field ion source (GFIS) column technology. This instrument

Detecting stable adsorbates of (1S)-camphor on Cu(111) with Bayesian optimization

• Jari Järvi,
• Patrick Rinke and
• Milica Todorović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1577–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.140

• structures. BOSS provides post-processing tools to locate the lowest energy barriers between two minima in the PES with the nudged elastic band (NEB) method. Since we compute the PES with the building block approximation and not in the space of all atomic degrees of freedom, these energy barriers are only

Extracting viscoelastic material parameters using an atomic force microscope and static force spectroscopy

• Cameron H. Parvini,
• M. A. S. R. Saadi and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 922–937, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.77

• data streams for post-processing, including Z-Raw (expected Z-position based on the voltage applied to the Z-piezo), Z-Sensor (measured Z-position), deflection, amplitude, and phase. The Z-Sensor measurement corresponds to the position of the piezo that controls the position of the base of the

Growth of lithium hydride thin films from solutions: Towards solution atomic layer deposition of lithiated films

• Ivan Kundrata,
• Karol Fröhlich,
• Lubomír Vančo,
• Matej Mičušík and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1443–1451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.142

• crystalline when deposited at room temperature, making further post-processing unnecessary. The air sensitivity of this solid requires in situ materials characterization using methods such as spectroscopic ellipsometry, XPS and Auger spectroscopy. Further development of the process, especially more

Review of time-resolved non-contact electrostatic force microscopy techniques with applications to ionic transport measurements

• Aaron Mascaro,
• Yoichi Miyahara,
• Tyler Enright,
• Omur E. Dagdeviren and
• Peter Grütter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 617–633, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.62

• for time resolution much faster than the cantilever oscillation period, but requires a priori knowledge of the time-evolution of the signal and the functional form of the tip–sample capacitance. FF-trEFM, which uses post-processing to extract the instantaneous frequency of the cantilever, allows for

Advanced scanning probe lithography using anatase-to-rutile transition to create localized TiO₂ nanorods

• Julian Kalb,
• Vanessa Knittel and
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 412–418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.40

• direct writing method, and scratching influences only a very thin region at the sample surface and the majority of the seed film remains unchanged. As a consequence, this method can be applied to ultrathin films of a few nanometers thickness only. Third, this technique does not need any pre- and post

• -processing such as resist handling. This gives the opportunity to apply this method on very uneven or pre-structured substrates. Furthermore, it does not matter if the seed is a film or bulk material and by which technique the inactive seed is deposited. Conclusion We demonstrated the position-controlled

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

• reported in detail in the literature, with the demonstration of both post processing and in situ techniques for achieving, inter alia, high-purity metallic deposits [71][72][73] and will not be discussed further here. Another important issue is throughput, which although lower than that of optical or EUV

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

• applications. This approach shows good potential for applications involving the self-assembly of anisotropic NPs to generate new functional devices [63]. There are two major methods for producing electrospun NP fibers [40]: (i) “indirect synthesis”, that requires some post-processing methods after

Spin-coated planar Sb₂S₃ hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency

• Pascal Kaienburg,
• Benjamin Klingebiel and
• Thomas Kirchartz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2114–2124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.200

• design of new precursors that could further enhance the efficiency of solution processed Sb2S3. For any new process pinhole-free layers with tuneable thickness and control over stoichiometry are desirable and correlation to device performance is insightful. Post-processing, such as sulfurization from gas

The electrical conductivity of CNT/graphene composites: a new method for accelerating transmission function calculations

• Olga E. Glukhova and
• Dmitriy S. Shmygin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1254–1262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.117

• -processing stage. The limitations of our method are that a too coarse k-point sampling or a too coarse energy sampling will lead unrealistic results, in spite of any post-processing scheme. Using developed method we obtained new knowledge about the electrical conductive properties of a new composite material

• particular, by the example of the graphene fragment, it was shown that the calculation speed of transmission function using our approach is three times higher than the calculation speed in the method proposed in [9]. Also, we introduce an additional part in the runtime of calculations, not only at the post

A systematic study of the controlled generation of crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles on graphene using a chemical etching process

• Peter Krauß,
• Jörg Engstler and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2017–2025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.202

• without the need for any additional post-processing. During the course of our transfer studies, we found that the etching process that is usually employed can lead to contamination of the graphene layer with the Faradaic etchant component FeCl3, resulting in the deposition of iron oxide FexOy

• residue can be ruled out, thus replacing the need for further post-processing of graphene. Results and Discussion Graphene was synthesized by CVD on a copper substrate using methane. For the copper substrate etching process used to isolate the graphene, we used an encircling polymer frame made of standard

• itself was not coated by a polymer layer, additional post-processing steps to remove residue after the transfer are not required. A detailed schematic of the modified etching process, which is the basis of the following systematic study, is shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2. Employing the

Uptake and intracellular accumulation of diamond nanoparticles – a metabolic and cytotoxic study

• Antonín Brož,
• Lucie Bačáková,
• Pavla Štenclová,
• Alexander Kromka and
• Štěpán Potocký

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1649–1657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.165

• approximately 20 nm, or by further post-processing down to 1 nm, as has recently been reported [22]. NDs typically contain impurities, such as other carbon allotropes, various oxides or carbides (i.e., carriers of various functional surface groups) [3][23]. Therefore, for use in biological or biomedical studies