Proximity effect in [Nb(1.5 nm)/Fe(x)]₁₀/Nb(50 nm) superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Yury Khaydukov,
• Sabine Pütter,
• Laura Guasco,
• Roman Morari,
• Gideok Kim,
• Thomas Keller,
• Anatolie Sidorenko and
• Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1254–1263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.109

• techniques Samples of the nominal structure Pt(3 nm)/[Nb(1.5 nm)/Fe(x)]10/Nb(50 nm) were prepared on Al2O3() substrates using a DCA M600 MBE system with a base pressure of 10−10 mbar. Before deposition, the substrates were cleaned from organic contaminations with ethanol and isopropanol ex situ and heated at

Ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions using a microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor for groundwater

• Dinesh Rotake,
• Anand Darji and
• Nitin Kale

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1242–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.108

• only on absorption and fluorescence change and need dynamic acquisition [23]. A magnetic field powered pressure sensor proposed by Khan et al. [24] is capable of measuring pressure in the range of kilopascals but the suitability for the very low pressure caused by HMIs needs to be examined. A reduced

• . It was calibrated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) [40]. The process begins with thermal oxidation of Si at 1000 °C using an oxidation furnace to obtain a thermally grown SiO2 layer followed by masking and etching to get the desired pattern. The polysilicon is deposited in a low-pressure chemical

Gas sorption porosimetry for the evaluation of hard carbons as anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries

• Yuko Matsukawa,
• Fabian Linsenmann,
• Maximilian A. Plass,
• George Hasegawa,
• Katsuro Hayashi and
• Tim-Patrick Fellinger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1217–1229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.106

• smaller characteristic pore diameters than the other HT samples. Again, this observation is not an artefact of the pore size calculation, but can also be clearly observed in the isotherms by the shift in the H2O uptake to lower relative pressure values for these samples. A possible explanation could

• carbons using N2, CO2, and H2O sorption. The total pore volume (TPV) is a simple porosity estimation derived from the total gas uptake at maximum relative pressure in a certain GSP measurement. The TPVs of RF-1000 quantified by CO2 and H2O sorption are 36.0% and 47.8% smaller than those obtained by N2

• isotherms (a, d), calculated pore size distributions (b, e), and cumulative pore volumes (c, f) for CO2 (a–c) and for H2O (d–f) adsorption (STP-standard pressure). Capacities (reversible: red circle, irreversible: blue diamond, Y-axis) and Coulombic efficiencies (gray asterisk, R-axis) against SSA obtained

High permittivity, breakdown strength, and energy storage density of polythiophene-encapsulated BaTiO₃ nanoparticles

• Adnanullah Khan,
• Amir Habib and
• Adeel Afzal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1190–1197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.103

• precursors are added to the double-distilled water in a PTFE-lined pressure vessel. The hydrothermal reaction is carried out in an autoclave (Berghof Instruments GmbH) at 120 °C and autogenous pressure for 24 h under stirring. The product is washed with dilute formic acid solution and double-distilled water

Hybridization vs decoupling: influence of an h-BN interlayer on the physical properties of a lander-type molecule on Ni(111)

• Maximilian Schaal,
• Takumi Aihara,
• Marco Gruenewald,
• Felix Otto,
• Jari Domke,
• Roman Forker,
• Hiroyuki Yoshida and
• Torsten Fritz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1168–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.101

• . Experimental methods All experiments were performed in ultrahigh vacuum with a base pressure in the range of 10−10 mbar. The adsorption of the DBP molecules was monitored by in situ DRS utilizing a 100 W halogen tungsten lamp, a blazed-grating monochromator (Acton Research SpectraPro SP2156), and a

Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of rubrene on clean and graphene-covered metal surfaces

• Karl Rothe,
• Alexander Mehler,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1157–1167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.100

• Pt(111) by exposing the heated (1300 K) surface to the molecular precursor C2H4 (purity 99.9%) at a partial pressure of 10−4 Pa for 120 s [23]. C42H28 molecules were sublimated from a powder (purity 98%), deposited in a heated (500 K) W crucible and directed towards the sample surface at room

Revealing the local crystallinity of single silicon core–shell nanowires using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Marius van den Berg,
• Ardeshir Moeinian,
• Arne Kobald,
• Yu-Ting Chen,
• Anke Horneber,
• Steffen Strehle,
• Alfred J. Meixner and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1147–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.99

• structure and phases of silicon by measuring its Raman peaks along a silicon wire prepared under high pressure. They found a shift of the transverse optical (TO) phonon peak along the wire, which could be attributed to a non-uniform growth of the nanowire and different crystalline phases. Agbo et al. showed

• growth temperature of 720 °C, which yields a certain SiNW diameter distribution. VLS nanowire growth is carried out in a quartz tube furnace with a precursor gas mixture of H2 (270 sccm) and SiH4 (30 sccm), at a pressure of 100 mbar. Silicon shells are grown at a temperature of 520 °C with a gas mixture

• of H2 (10 sccm) and SiH4 (100 sccm), at a pressure of 100 mbar. The silicon shell growth rate under these conditions is in the range of 1 nm/min and yields a thickness of approximately 25 nm. To make confocal Raman and TERS investigations of individual nanowires, SiNWs are released from their

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• does not completely cover the nanoparticles. Their results indicated that opsonization has no influence on macrophage recognition [58], and that the activation of the kinin–kallikrein system, which influences inflammation, blood pressure, coagulation, and pain, has no influence on tumor microvascular

Plant growth regulation by seed coating with films of alginate and auxin-intercalated layered double hydroxides

• Vander A. de Castro,
• Valber G. O. Duarte,
• Danúbia A. C. Nobre,
• Geraldo H. Silva,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Frederico G. Pinto,
• Willian R. Macedo and
• Jairo Tronto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1082–1091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.93

• 25.5 nm, respectively. The material shows a type-II isotherm, i.e., the graph is convex in relation to the relative pressure axis with no inflection point. Also, the material exhibits type-H1 hysteresis, a characteristic of porous materials with agglomerates, i.e., the particles are tightly aggregated

• suspension was maintained at pH 9.5 ± 0.5 by the slow addition of a 1.0 mol·L−1 solution of NaOH and the system was kept under constant agitation in a N2 atmosphere. The solid resulting from the synthesis was washed with H2O and dried under reduced pressure in a desiccator containing silica gel. The amount

• . After completion of the synthesis, the whole reaction medium was kept at rest for 12 h. The solid resulting from the synthesis was centrifuged and dried under reduced pressure in a desiccator containing silica gel. Coating of bean seeds with a polymeric film Polymeric gels were prepared by dissolving

Excitonic and electronic transitions in Me–Sb₂Se₃ structures

• Nicolae N. Syrbu,
• Victor V. Zalamai,
• Ivan G. Stamov and
• Stepan I. Beril

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1045–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.89

• for lower temperatures. Sb and Se, at a semiconductor purity В5 level (99.9999%), were used as the initial precursors and placed into a container that was evacuated to a residual pressure of 10−5 mmHg. For a thorough mixing of the reacting components in the liquid phase, a rocking device and an

Highly sensitive detection of estradiol by a SERS sensor based on TiO₂ covered with gold nanoparticles

• Andrea Brognara,
• Ili F. Mohamad Ali Nasri,
• Beatrice R. Bricchi,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,
• Matteo Ghidelli and
• Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1026–1035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.87

• . Specifically, we demonstrate that the TiO2 background pressure during pulsed laser deposition and the annealing conditions offer control over the formation of Au nanoparticles with different sizes, shapes and distributions, yielding a versatile sensor. We have exploited the surface for the detection of 17β

• Si(100) and soda-lime glass substrates, which were mounted on a sample holder at a fixed target-to-substrate distance of 5 cm. Changing the background pressure within the deposition chamber allowed for a tuning of the film morphology (i.e., a higher pressure resulted in a higher film porosity) [28

• ][29]. Samples were therefore deposited at a pressure of 8 or 12 Pa to obtain different film porosities. A thin layer of Au (99.9%) was then evaporated using an Edwards E306A resistively heated thermal evaporator. The equivalent (i.e. nominal) thickness of the evaporated layers was monitored with a

Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films

• Dumitru Tsiulyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85

• . Subsequent studies showed that it was possible to increase the concentration range sensitivity to more than 300 ppm NO2 by growing single-crystalline microtubes. In order to do that, Te metal was evaporated onto quartz substrates under an inert argon gas at ambient pressure [7]. Later, it was also found that

Effect of magnetic field, heat generation and absorption on nanofluid flow over a nonlinear stretching sheet

• Santoshi Misra and
• Govardhan Kamatam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 976–990, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.82

• along the stretching surface. The basic nanofluid governing equations in Cartesian form are given in the following where Tw and Cw represent the sheet temperature and the sheet nanoparticle fraction, respectively. The pressure and external forces are neglected and the nanoparticle fraction is assumed to

Three-dimensional solvation structure of ethanol on carbonate minerals

• Hagen Söngen,
• Ygor Morais Jaques,
• Peter Spijker,
• Christoph Marutschke,
• Stefanie Klassen,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Ralf Bechstein,
• Lidija Zivanovic,
• John Tracey,
• Adam S. Foster and
• Angelika Kühnle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 891–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.74

• ensemble. The production run was performed after that in an NVT simulation of 10 ns. Temperature control in NVT and NPT ensembles was set to 300 K, using the Nosé–Hoover scheme [29][30][31] with five thermostat chains. In the NPT ensemble, pressure control was set to 1 atm using Nosé–Hoover barostats [29

Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design

• Sonia M. Lombardo,
• Marc Schneider,
• Akif E. Türeli and
• Nazende Günday Türeli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72

• biocompatible lipids, thus leading to low cytotoxicity [155]. Furthermore, SLNs can be prepared using a cost-effective high-pressure homogenization method. This method avoids the use of organic solvents and can be used at large scale, making SLNs interesting for the pharmaceutical industry [156]. Interestingly

Transition from freestanding SnO₂ nanowires to laterally aligned nanowires with a simulation-based experimental design

• Jasmin-Clara Bürger,
• Sebastian Gutsch and
• Margit Zacharias

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 843–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.69

• experiments in order to switch freestanding nanowire growth to a laterally aligned growth mode. By means of finite element simulations, we determined that a higher volumetric flow and a reduced process pressure will result in a preferred laterally aligned nanowire growth. Furthermore, increasing the

• freestanding NWs towards the normal vector of the substrate surface [17][18]. Another argument for the laterally aligned NW growth mode is given by Zi et al. and is described to be the partial pressure of the process gases for the case of InAs NWs [10]. Focusing on the material system of SnO2, we evaluated the

• and the data of these studies that an increase of the process pressure requires an increase of volumetric flow rate to achieve a laterally aligned NW growth [15][16]. However, a direct comparison of parameters is not possible due to differences in the experimental setups. In particular, neither the

Integrated photonics multi-waveguide devices for optical trapping and Raman spectroscopy: design, fabrication and performance demonstration

• Gyllion B. Loozen,
• Arnica Karuna,
• Mohammad M. R. Fanood,
• Erik Schreuder and
• Jacob Caro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 829–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.68

• waveguides is completely decoupled from the silicon substrate. Then, a 100 nm thick layer of Si3N4 is deposited using low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD, Figure 5b). This layer is patterned using optical lithography and reactive ion etching (RIE) in a fluorine-based plasma, which is followed by

Adsorption behavior of tin phthalocyanine onto the (110) face of rutile TiO₂

• Lukasz Bodek,
• Mads Engelund,
• Aleksandra Cebrat and
• Bartosz Such

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 821–828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.67

• carried out in two ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) systems with a base pressure below 2 × 10−10 mbar. A rutile TiO2(110) crystal (produced by MaTeck GmbH) was mounted onto a sample holder allowing for the direct heating by using an AC electric current. An atomically flat and clean surface (as checked by STM) was

Templating effect of single-layer graphene supported by an insulating substrate on the molecular orientation of lead phthalocyanine

• K. Priya Madhuri,
• Abhay A. Sagade,
• Pralay K. Santra and
• Neena S. John

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 814–820, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.66

• layer. Experimental A 10 nm thin PbPc film on single-layer graphene supported on a SiO2/Si substrate (SLG/SiO2/Si) was deposited using physical vapor deposition. The PbPc film was deposited at a base pressure of 1 × 10−5 mbar while the substrate was held at 100 °C. The deposition rate was 1–1.5 Å·s−1

Epitaxial growth and superconducting properties of thin-film PdFe/VN and VN/PdFe bilayers on MgO(001) substrates

• Wael M. Mohammed,
• Igor V. Yanilkin,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Airat G. Kiiamov,
• Roman V. Yusupov and
• Lenar R. Tagirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 807–813, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.65

• ]. Results and Discussion Sample preparation Single-crystalline MgO(001) (henceforth designated MgO) epi-polished substrates (CRYSTAL GmbH, Germany) with a size of 10 × 5 × 0.5 mm3 were annealed at 800 °C for 5 min in the ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) chamber with a residual pressure

• ) and Fe (99.97% purity, ChemPur GmbH, Germany) were co-evaporated from the pre-calibrated high-temperature effusion cells to obtain the desired Pd1−xFex composition. Vanadium nitride layers were synthesized by using reactive DC magnetron sputtering (MS) in the UHV chamber with a base pressure of p ≤ 5

• synthesis of VN. During the deposition process, the pressure of the Ar/N2 gas mixture in the chamber was automatically kept at 6 × 10−3 mbar. A metallic vanadium disk of 99.95% purity (GIRMET Ltd, Russia) was used as a target. The magnetron power was 50 W, the distance between the target and the substrate

A set of empirical equations describing the observed colours of metal–anodic aluminium oxide–Al nanostructures

• Cristina V. Manzano,
• Jakob J. Schwiedrzik,
• Gerhard Bürki,
• Laszlo Pethö,
• Johann Michler and
• Laetitia Philippe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 798–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.64

• Alliance-Concept DP 650 DC magnetron sputtering equipment. 25, 17.5 and 10 nm thin films of gold were deposited on top of the AAO films using a Leica EM ACE600 sputtering equipment. The Au layers were deposited using a sputtering pressure and intensity of 5 × 10−2 mbar and 30 mA, respectively, and the Cr

• layer was deposited using a sputtering pressure and power of 5 × 10−3 mbar and 350 W, respectively. The metal–anodic aluminium oxide (AAO)–Al nanostructures were formed on mirror Al, which was obtained via electropolishing an Al foil before the anodization process. Two different metals (Cr and Au) were

Light–matter interactions in two-dimensional layered WSe₂ for gauging evolution of phonon dynamics

• Avra S. Bandyopadhyay,
• Chandan Biswas and
• Anupama B. Kaul

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 782–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.63

• collect the data throughout this study. The temperature-dependent Raman and PL measurements were conducted using liquid nitrogen (LN2) in a THMS600 Linkam temperature cell at ambient pressure. During the temperature-dependent measurements, the sample was first cooled gradually using LN2 from room

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

• during atmospheric pressure CVD, a method known as a gettering technique is developed to control the material crystal purity. The resulting SPE ZPLs are more frequently placed between the regions 550 and 600 nm or from 600 to 650 nm. The results can improve the understanding of quantum emitter formation

• , it can be considered a hybrid 1D and 2D material. In [116], commercially available BNNTs were fabricated using a catalyst-free high-temperature pressure method, and the laser heating method was studied in terms of SPEs. Non-treated BNNTs provided photostable SPEs down to the single nanotube, either

• between multilayer flakes and CVD monolayers, where the former has a larger observed density of defects and ZPLs. CVD monolayer h-BN SPEs were studied in [45] after treatment and their ZPLs were reported in the range of 583–691 nm. Using low-pressure CVD [108][109], large-area, few-layer h-BN films can be

Effect of Ag loading position on the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ nanocolumn arrays

• Jinghan Xu,
• Yanqi Liu and
• Yan Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 717–728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.59

• deposition pressure of 10−4 Pa, an evaporation source current of 44 A, and an evaporation rate of 0.08 nm/s. The sample was then transferred onto a crystal adhesive, and the AAO was removed by immersing the sample in 0.2 M NaOH solution for 2 h to obtain the Ag–TiO2 array. For the preparation process of Ag

Structural optical and electrical properties of a transparent conductive ITO/Al–Ag/ITO multilayer contact

• Aliyu Kabiru Isiyaku,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 695–702, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.57

• 120 W, with 5.2 mTorr working pressure and 50 sccm Ar gas flow. Before deposition of the ITO top layer (same parameters as for the bottom ITO layer), Al and Ag films were deposited subsequently using DC sputtering with the following sputtering parameters: DC power of 100 W, 5.2 mTorr working pressure

• and 100 sccm Ar gas flow for the Al film; DC power of 100 W, 4.9 mTorr working pressure and 100 sccm Ar gas flow for the Ag film. The deposition process for all the layers was carried out at room temperature with a target-to-substrate distance of 7 cm. Thickness measurements An optical reflectometer