Ferromagnetic behaviour of ZnO: the role of grain boundaries

• Boris B. Straumal,
• Svetlana G. Protasova,
• Andrei A. Mazilkin,
• Eberhard Goering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Petr B. Straumal and
• Brigitte Baretzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1936–1947, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.185

• growth of single crystals, are well known and well elaborated. It seemed that nothing could prevent the success of the synthesis of ferromagnetic ZnO doped by iron, manganese, cobalt, or other “magnetic” atoms. Indeed first successes came soon. Ferromagnetic ZnO films were synthesised by pulsed laser

• deposition (PLD), or magnetron sputtering [5][6][7][8][9]. However, the first disappointments also appeared immediately. Namely, single crystals, ceramics sintered from coarse-grained powders and single-crystalline films deposited by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) were never ferromagnetic. Other synthesis

Nanostructured germanium deposited on heated substrates with enhanced photoelectric properties

• Ionel Stavarache,
• Valentin Adrian Maraloiu,
• Petronela Prepelita and
• Gheorghe Iordache

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1492–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.142

• [18] and biosensors [19]. To produce high-quality Ge particles packed into different matrices, various approaches are reported in scientific papers such as pulsed laser deposition [20][21], sol–gel [22], evaporation under vacuum [23], chemical vapor deposition [24], microwave-assisted heating [25

Magnetic switching of nanoscale antidot lattices

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Joachim Gräfe,
• Kristof M. Lebecki,
• Maxim Skripnik,
• Felix Haering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Eberhard Goering and
• Ulrich Nowak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 733–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.65

Microwave solvothermal synthesis and characterization of manganese-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Roman Mukhovskyi,
• Elzbieta Pietrzykowska,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Jan Mizeracki and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 721–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.64

• ], combustion [52], sol–gel [7][31][33][53][54], spin coating [19][20], pulsed laser deposition [26], reactions in the solid state [35][55], thermal evaporation [56], and thermal evaporation vapour-phase deposition [30]. However, two of the most promising methods, which are still being developed are

Orientation of FePt nanoparticles on top of a-SiO₂/Si(001), MgO(001) and sapphire(0001): effect of thermal treatments and influence of substrate and particle size

• Martin Schilling,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Zaoli Zhang,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 591–604, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.52

• pulsed laser deposition (PLD), served as reference samples. The structural properties were probed in situ, particularly texture formation and epitaxy of the specimens by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and, in case of 3 nm nanoparticles, additionally by high-resolution transmission

• carbon film was then completely removed by reactive plasma etching prior to successive annealing steps. FePt reference films were prepared on native SiO2 on top of Si(001), Al2O3(001), and MgO(001) by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) from Fe and Pt targets under UHV conditions in a separate vacuum system

Chemical bath deposition of textured and compact zinc oxide thin films on vinyl-terminated polystyrene brushes

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Caroline G. Hofmeister,
• Peter Lindemann,
• Cheng Huang,
• Johannes Baier,
• Andreas Leineweber,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Christof Wöll,
• Thomas Schimmel and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 102–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.12

• emitting diodes, as surface acoustic wave generators or for field effect transistors [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Up to now, the fabrication of nanosized devices requires complex techniques like magnetron sputtering or pulsed laser deposition. Therefore, it is of high interest to develop easy-to-handle

Sonochemical co-deposition of antibacterial nanoparticles and dyes on textiles

• Ilana Perelshtein,
• Anat Lipovsky,
• Nina Perkas,
• Tzanko Tzanov and
• Aharon Gedanken

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1–8, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.1

• the other hand, simultaneous deposition on solid surfaces of two materials was applied using methods such as reactive electron beam deposition [11], pulsed laser deposition [12], Langmuir–Blodgett [13], electrochemistry [14], ion sputtering [15], casting [16], and sonoelectrochemistry [17]. We could

Au nanoparticle-based sensor for apomorphine detection in plasma

• Chiara Zanchi,
• Andrea Lucotti,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Sebastiano Trusso,
• Ugo de Grazia,
• Emilio Ciusani and
• Paolo M. Ossi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2224–2232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.228

• .6.228 Abstract Artificially roughened gold surfaces with controlled nanostructure produced by pulsed laser deposition have been investigated as sensors for apomorphine detection aiming at clinical application. The use of such gold surfaces has been optimized using aqueous solutions of apomorphine in the

• unfiltered human blood plasma is presented and discussed. Keywords: apomorphine; Au NPs; nano-roughened films; pulsed laser deposition; self-assembled films; SERS; Introduction In recent years, the analytical applications of Raman spectroscopy and its enhanced variant employing plasmonic media, the surface

• dynamic range of the sensor To be considered a useful SERS-based method for drug detection, the procedure, based on the use of gold substrates pulsed laser deposition, should be rapid and quantitative. An acquisition time of 5 s, which corresponds to a fast measurement with an adequate signal-to-noise

Structure and mechanism of the formation of core–shell nanoparticles obtained through a one-step gas-phase synthesis by electron beam evaporation

• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Sergey P. Bardakhanov,
• Makoto Schreiber,
• Dashima G. Bazarova,
• Nikolai A. Romanov,
• Boris B. Baldanov,
• Bair R. Radnaev and
• Viacheslav V. Syzrantsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 874–880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.89

• synthesised using solution methods and usually involve two steps: synthesis of the core structure followed by coating the core structure with the shell material. Gas-phase synthesis techniques exist and usually involve chemical vapour deposition (CVD) or pulsed laser deposition (PLD) [1][2]. However these

Morphology control of zinc oxide films via polysaccharide-mediated, low temperature, chemical bath deposition

• Florian Waltz,
• Hans-Christoph Schwarz,
• Andreas M. Schneider,
• Stefanie Eiden and
• Peter Behrens

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 799–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.83

• more than 2100 publications in 2013 (Thomson Reuters, Web of Knowledge). Several methods have been used to deposit ZnO on different substrates, for example, pulsed laser deposition (PLD) [11], chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [12][13], as well as wet chemical approaches such as sol–gel synthesis [14

Morphological and structural characterization of single-crystal ZnO nanorod arrays on flexible and non-flexible substrates

• Omar F. Farhat,
• Mohd M. Halim,
• Mat J. Abdullah,
• Mohammed K. M. Ali and
• Nageh K. Allam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 720–725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.73

• (CVD) [7], molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) [8], pulsed laser deposition (PLD) [9], vapor phase transport (VPT) [10], and thermal evaporation [11]. However, these methods are considered to be high-cost techniques since they require complex, expensive equipment, high vacuum conditions and high operation

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• first successful synthesis of patterned BNNTs was performed by catalytic CVD [56]. To produce pure and vertically aligned BNNTs, a Si substrate was coated with Al2O3 of 30 nm thickness, then MgO, Ni, or Fe catalysts was deposited on the surface of the Al2O3 by pulsed laser deposition. This substrate was

Properties of plasmonic arrays produced by pulsed-laser nanostructuring of thin Au films

• Katarzyna Grochowska,
• Katarzyna Siuzdak,
• Peter A. Atanasov,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Anna Dikovska,
• Nikolay N. Nedyalkov and
• Gerard Śliwiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2102–2112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.219

• pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and also with the effect of environment (gaseous, liquid) taken into account [19][20][21]. Numerous experimental data confirm that the electrostatic, thermal and non-thermal regimes of the laser–surface interaction depend critically on the laser fluence and pulse length. For

Silicon and germanium nanocrystals: properties and characterization

• Ivana Capan,
• Alexandra Carvalho and
• José Coutinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1787–1794, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.189

• for thin film deposition. Together with thermal evaporation and pulsed laser deposition (PLD), they are all fabrication methods based on the production of sub-stoichiometric oxides, with thermal evaporation being the simplest among them. The NCs size, distribution and shape can be controlled by

Towards precise defect control in layered oxide structures by using oxide molecular beam epitaxy

• Federico Baiutti,
• Georg Christiani and
• Gennady Logvenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 596–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.70

• , pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and sputtering. On the other hand, obvious limitations to the thickness of the samples and uncertainties in the deposition rates of each element, which eventually result in an off-stoichiometric growth, need to be taken into account. Indeed, at the present day there is no in

Structural and thermoelectric properties of TMGa₃ (TM = Fe, Co) thin films

• Sebastian Schnurr,
• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Valeriy Y. Verchenko and
• Andrei V. Shevelkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 461–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.54

• present work with hot-pressed pellets of FeGa3 and CoGa3, as well as of an Fe0.75Co0.25Ga3 solid solution, one faces the main problem of picking a deposition technique which conserves these starting chemical compositions. Previous experience suggested applying pulsed laser deposition (PLD) for that

Ni nanocrystals on HOPG(0001): A scanning tunnelling microscope study

• Michael Marz,
• Keisuke Sagisaka and
• Daisuke Fujita

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 406–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.48

• [7][8]. Various methods are employed for growing metallic clusters on surfaces such as ion sputtering [9], pulsed laser deposition [10], electro deposition [11][12][13], vapor deposition [14], aerosol deposition [15], material transfer of an STM tip [16], etc. For the formation of nanoparticles a

Ferromagnetic behaviour of Fe-doped ZnO nanograined films

• Boris B. Straumal,
• Svetlana G. Protasova,
• Andrei A. Mazilkin,
• Thomas Tietze,
• Eberhard Goering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Petr B. Straumal and
• Brigitte Baretzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 361–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.42

• -beam sputter deposition or pulsed laser deposition (PLD) having small and very small grains are almost always ferromagnetic [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. The respective (filled) points are grouping in the right part of the

The memory effect of nanoscale memristors investigated by conducting scanning probe microscopy methods

• César Moreno,
• Carmen Munuera,
• Xavier Obradors and
• Carmen Ocal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 722–730, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.82

• values of resistivity, magnetoresistance and Curie temperature are very similar to those observed in LSMO films grown by physical vapour-deposition techniques, such as sputtering or pulsed-laser deposition, leading us to conclude that a similar epitaxial quality is achieved with films grown by our CSD

Effect of deposition temperature on the structural and optical properties of chemically prepared nanocrystalline lead selenide thin films

• Anayara Begum,
• Amir Hussain and
• Atowar Rahman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 438–443, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.50

• ], microwave heating [9], pulsed laser deposition [10], electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy [11], and electrodeposition [12], the chemical bath deposition method [13][14] is relatively simple and cost-effective, and has the advantage that it allows control over deposition parameters such as the pH, the

Nanoscaled alloy formation from self-assembled elemental Co nanoparticles on top of Pt films

• Luyang Han,
• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Kai Fauth,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 473–485, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.51

• obtained with elevated substrate temperature TS during deposition. At TS = 600 °C epitaxial growth was obtained on MgO(100) or STO(100) substrates [18][19][20], whereas deposition at ambient temperature led to textured growth of Pt films. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) produced a similar result for the Pt

• ) and (111) orientations were prepared on MgO(100) and STO(100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. When deposited at elevated temperature (600 °C and above) epitaxial growth was achieved on STO(100) and MgO(100) with micron-sized atomically flat islands. When the deposition temperature was held at

Magnetic coupling mechanisms in particle/thin film composite systems

• Giovanni A. Badini Confalonieri,
• Philipp Szary,
• Durgamadhab Mishra,
• Maria J. Benitez,
• Mathias Feyen,
• An Hui Lu,
• Leonardo Agudo,
• Gunther Eggeler,
• Oleg Petracic and
• Hartmut Zabel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 101–107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.12

• composites are prepared by physical growth methods, such as sputtering [18][19], sequential pulsed laser deposition [20][21], sputtering gas aggregation [22] or mechanical milling [23]. In this work, we report a different approach to fabricate composite nanoparticle/thin-film materials, i.e., which combines

Flash laser annealing for controlling size and shape of magnetic alloy nanoparticles

• Damien Alloyeau,
• Christian Ricolleau,
• Cyril Langlois,
• Yann Le Bouar and
• Annick Loiseau

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 55–59, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.7

• pulsed laser beam, without changing the NPs composition. These developments open up a new way to design magnetic alloys NPs with ideal morphologies and size for magnetic studies and applications. Results and Discussion CoPt NP thin films on amorphous alumina (a-Al2O3) were produced by pulsed laser

• deposition (PLD) in a high vacuum chamber [21][22]. a-Al2O3 and the metals are deposited by PLD using a KrF excimer laser at 248 nm with a pulse duration of 25 ns at a repetition rate of 5 Hz. Substrates were commercial transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids on which an amorphous carbon layer with a

Preparation and characterization of supported magnetic nanoparticles prepared by reverse micelles

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Luyang Han,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 24–47, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.5

• , in case of Pt, (111)-textured thin films (50 nm) were used which were obtained by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at ambient temperature on MgO(001) or (100)-oriented films (80 nm) epitaxially grown by PLD on (001) strontium titanate (SrTiO3) crystals at 400 °C. In all cases, no special pre-treatment

• nanoparticles on Pt films The approach of compensating diamagnetic substrate signals by paramagnetic films is demonstrated by paramagnetic Pt(111) films on top of MgO(001) substrates. Pt films were deposited under UHV conditions at ambient temperature by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). For this purpose a 193 nm