Biocompatibility of cerium dioxide and silicon dioxide nanoparticles with endothelial cells

• Claudia Strobel,
• Martin Förster and
• Ingrid Hilger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1795–1807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.190

• response machinery may be postulated. In HUVEC, no correlation between the ROS generation and the cytokine release was detectable. Hereto, other mechanisms seem to be responsible for these processes. Interestingly, the quantification of intracellular CeO2 nanoparticles (sample #A and #B) in HMEC-1, as was

The surface properties of nanoparticles determine the agglomeration state and the size of the particles under physiological conditions

• Christoph Bantz,
• Olga Koshkina,
• Thomas Lang,
• Hans-Joachim Galla,
• C. James Kirkpatrick,
• Roland H. Stauber and
• Michael Maskos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1774–1786, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.188

• , analysis of TEM data is always based on single-particle measurements. For a precise and reliable quantification of the mentioned characteristics from TEM images, care must be taken in the statistical evaluation of TEM data. A second disadvantage arises from the fact that TEM requires vacuum conditions to

Precise quantification of silica and ceria nanoparticle uptake revealed by 3D fluorescence microscopy

• Adriano A. Torrano and
• Christoph Bräuchle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1616–1624, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.173

• to be accurate by independent stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, a super-resolution technique [28][29]. Although developed for the absolute quantification of the nanoparticle uptake by cells, this method was made flexible to allow for the quantification in absolute and also in relative

• the other hand, standard light microscopes such as confocal and wide-field instruments are limited by diffraction. The resolution of light microscopes is not enough to resolve particles smaller than approximately 200 nm and a direct quantification of nanoparticles is not possible. Complications to

• count nanoparticles are further increased by their tendency to agglomerate in biological media [40]. Our digital method was designed to circumvent the abovementioned restrictions of conventional light microscopy. It does not enable the absolute quantification of particles by overcoming the diffraction

Silica nanoparticles are less toxic to human lung cells when deposited at the air–liquid interface compared to conventional submerged exposure

• Alicja Panas,
• Andreas Comouth,
• Harald Saathoff,
• Thomas Leisner,
• Marco Al-Rawi,
• Michael Simon,
• Gunnar Seemann,
• Olaf Dössel,
• Sonja Mülhopt,
• Hanns-Rudolf Paur,
• Susanne Fritsch-Decker,
• Carsten Weiss and
• Silvia Diabaté

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1590–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.171

• . COX-2 and phospho-p38 were detected in whole cell lysates by Western blots. PCNA (left panel), Lamin B (right panel) and total p38 were used as loading controls, as indicated. The results shown are representative for three (A) and two independent experiments (B). (C) and (D) show the quantification of

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

• [162], Ag and Au [163] nanoparticles in in vivo trials on rats. Details related to all the above mentioned studies are summarized in Table 2. Conclusion Risk assessment in medical implant approval requires the quantification of unintended effects related to wear debris on the nanoscale. Hence, suitable

In vitro interaction of colloidal nanoparticles with mammalian cells: What have we learned thus far?

• Moritz Nazarenus,
• Qian Zhang,
• Mahmoud G. Soliman,
• Pablo del Pino,
• Beatriz Pelaz,
• Susana Carregal-Romero,
• Joanna Rejman,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Reinhard Zellner,
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus,
• James B. Delehanty,
• Igor L. Medintz and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1477–1490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.161

• organelles are only of limited value if the fraction of NPs that resides in these organelles is not quantified. Quantification, however, is not as trivial as it seems, and there is a need for better quantitative techniques for the future. While TEM offers the lateral resolution to visualize individual NPs

• , typically only a limited amount of cell sections (i.e., thin slices cut from cells) can be observed and thus for an absolute quantification, which is highly time-consuming, stereological tools need to be employed [68][69]. Also in case of TEM studies knowledge and understanding of cells under TEM conditions

The cell-type specific uptake of polymer-coated or micelle-embedded QDs and SPIOs does not provoke an acute pro-inflammatory response in the liver

• Markus Heine,
• Alexander Bartelt,
• Oliver T. Bruns,
• Denise Bargheer,
• Artur Giemsa,
• Barbara Freund,
• Ludger Scheja,
• Christian Waurisch,
• Alexander Eychmüller,
• Rudolph Reimer,
• Horst Weller,
• Peter Nielsen and
• Joerg Heeren

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1432–1440, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.155

• cadmium-induced toxicity were observed. Other studies focus on the quantification of cadmium as tracer for injected nanocrystals. The laboratory of Lin investigated the biodistribution of QDs in mice over four months [10]. In this study, a slow redistribution of the chemical components from peripheral

Microstructural and plasmonic modifications in Ag–TiO₂ and Au–TiO₂ nanocomposites through ion beam irradiation

• Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula,
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra,
• Venkata Girish Kotnur,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi,
• Thomas Strunskus,
• Vladimir Zaporotchenko,
• Dietmar Fink,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Franz Faupel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.154

• agrees with the simulated results for TiO by using the JEMS software [50]. In spite of the well-known problems of the light elements' quantification by EDX, test measurements on distinct samples (e.g., amorphous TiO2) point to a sufficient reliability of the setup for a semi-quantitative interpretation

The protein corona protects against size- and dose-dependent toxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles

• Dominic Docter,
• Christoph Bantz,
• Dana Westmeier,
• Hajo J. Galla,
• Qiangbin Wang,
• James C. Kirkpatrick,
• Peter Nielsen,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.151

• quantification, we calculated the ratio of the average calcein (living cells; green) versus ethidium homodimer-1 (dead cells; red) intensity signal (Figure 5). Whereas the ratio of living to dead cells remained almost unchanged for the untreated Ctrl. as well as after the treatment with 0.6 µg/mL or 6 µg/mL

• . Quantification of the impact of ASP30 on the cell viability. Determination of the ratio of the average calcein (living cells; green) to ethidium homodimer-1 (dead cells; red) signals according to Figure 4. As described in Figure 4, CaCo-2 cells were exposed to the nanoparticles suspended in DMEM (open rectangles

Mimicking exposures to acute and lifetime concentrations of inhaled silver nanoparticles by two different in vitro approaches

• Fabian Herzog,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Sandor Balog,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Matthias Epple,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1357–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.149

• same duration as samples were post-incubated. Chemokine/cytokine quantification The released pro-inflammatory proteins IL-8 and TNF-α were quantified with a commercially available DuoSet ELISA Development Kit (R&D Systems) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. LPS (1 μg/mL) and TNF-α (15 ng/mL

Electron-beam induced deposition and autocatalytic decomposition of Co(CO)₃NO

• Florian Vollnhals,
• Martin Drost,
• Fan Tu,
• Esther Carrasco,
• Andreas Späth,
• Rainer H. Fink,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1175–1185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.129

• Co. The scaled spectrum, which contains the resonant transition, then allows to determine µ(E) values. The linear attenuation coefficient for Co at the resonant transition was found to be µCo(779.9 eV) = 0.103 ± 0.02 nm−1. For the quantification of the apparent cobalt thickness of the CoOxNyCz

Shape-selected nanocrystals for in situ spectro-electrochemistry studies on structurally well defined surfaces under controlled electrolyte transport: A combined in situ ATR-FTIR/online DEMS investigation of CO electrooxidation on Pt

• Sylvain Brimaud,
• Zenonas Jusys and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 735–746, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.86

• of the respective orientations obtained from a qualitative analysis of the Hupd peaks are in good agreement with the results of the analysis of the bright field transmission electron microscope (BFTEM) images (see Table 1). Results from the more precise quantification by Ge and Bi adatom deposition

Energy dissipation in multifrequency atomic force microscopy

• Valentina Pukhova,
• Francesco Banfi and
• Gabriele Ferrini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 494–500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.57

• stored in successive cycles, shown in Figure 2. As expected the energy dissipated per cycle in the two eigenmodes contributing to the cantilever dynamics decays exponentially. The quantification of the dissipation per mode evidenced a rather gentle interaction, with a total energy released from the tip

Frequency, amplitude, and phase measurements in contact resonance atomic force microscopies

• Gheorghe Stan and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 278–288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.30

• cantilever dynamics, as well as the different effect of the tip–sample contact properties on those observables in each configuration are discussed. Finally, the expected accuracy of CR-AFM using phase-locked loop detection is investigated and quantification of the typical errors incurred during measurements

Cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects of PVP-coated silver nanoparticles after intratracheal instillation in rats

• Nadine Haberl,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Alexander Wenk,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Blair D. Johnston,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling and
• Carsten Schleh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 933–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.105

• nm with the Cytotoxicity Detection KitPLUS (LDH; Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). Both assays were performed according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Quantification of TNF-α and CINC-1 levels in BALF by ELISA TNF-α and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) were measured in

Template based precursor route for the synthesis of CuInSe₂ nanorod arrays for potential solar cell applications

• Mikhail Pashchanka,
• Jonas Bang,
• Niklas S. A. Gora,
• Ildiko Balog,
• Rudolf C. Hoffmann and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 868–874, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.98

• surface and uniform length and showed no cracks along the rod length. The EDX-analysis (Figure 2) showed a high purity of the product, as well as a homogeneous distribution and nearly ideal stoichiometric ratio of the constituting elements. According to the standardless quantification method, the nanorods

Dynamic nanoindentation by instrumented nanoindentation and force microscopy: a comparative review

• Sidney R. Cohen and
• Estelle Kalfon-Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 815–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.93

• contact depth in INI, the enhanced sensitivity of the AFM carries some distinct advantages. However, even though AFM has been successfully used to probe mechanical properties on the nanoscale, there are a number of drawbacks, which make the quantification of the mechanical properties challenging. Many of

Selective surface modification of lithographic silicon oxide nanostructures by organofunctional silanes

• Thomas Baumgärtel,
• Christian von Borczyskowski and
• Harald Graaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 218–226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.22

• difference in fluorescence intensity between the electrostatically bound dyes and the covalently bound FITC is a much lower surface density in the case of covalently bound FITC. Of course this conclusion, though plausible, is based on many uncertainties and assumptions. Yet a more precise quantification is

Catalytic activity of nanostructured Au: Scale effects versus bimetallic/bifunctional effects in low-temperature CO oxidation on nanoporous Au

• Lu-Cun Wang,
• Yi Zhong,
• Haijun Jin,
• Daniel Widmann,
• Jörg Weissmüller and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 111–128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.13

• during a sequence of CO pulsing [12]. Details about the calibration of the mass spectrometric signals on an absolute scale can be found in [44]. Direct evaluation of the OSC by quantification of the O2 uptake of a reduced sample during O2 pulses, as performed for supported catalysts [23][25][46], was not

Thermal noise limit for ultra-high vacuum noncontact atomic force microscopy

• Jannis Lübbe,
• Matthias Temmen,
• Sebastian Rode,
• Philipp Rahe,
• Angelika Kühnle and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 32–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.4

• at the demodulator output in dependence of cantilever properties and settings of the signal processing electronics in the limit of a negligible tip–surface interaction and a measurement under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. For a quantification of the noise figures, we calibrate the cantilever

Focused electron beam induced deposition: A perspective

• Michael Huth,
• Fabrizio Porrati,
• Christian Schwalb,
• Marcel Winhold,
• Roland Sachser,
• Maja Dukic,
• Jonathan Adams and
• Georg Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 597–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.70

• relaxation channels for both electronic and vibronic excitations. As an additional complexity, one has to note that several relevant cross sections, such as those of transient molecules produced in FEBID, are very hard to measure or may even be inaccessible to quantification. Therefore, theoretical

FTIR nanobiosensors for Escherichia coli detection

• Stefania Mura,
• Gianfranco Greppi,
• Maria Laura Marongiu,
• Pier Paolo Roggero,
• Sandeep P. Ravindranath,
• Lisa J. Mauer,
• Nicoletta Schibeci,
• Francesco Perria,
• Massimo Piccinini,
• Plinio Innocenzi and
• Joseph Irudayaraj

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 485–492, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.55

• , and carbohydrates, and their mid-infrared (MIR) spectra can be used for the identification and structural characterization of different pathogens and subspecies [27]. MIR spectra are additive and sensitive, and allow the fingerprinting and quantification of the pathogen of interest, transforming the

Magnetic-Fe/Fe₃O₄-nanoparticle-bound SN38 as carboxylesterase-cleavable prodrug for the delivery to tumors within monocytes/macrophages

• Hongwang Wang,
• Tej B. Shrestha,
• Matthew T. Basel,
• Raj K. Dani,
• Gwi-Moon Seo,
• Sivasai Balivada,
• Marla M. Pyle,
• Heidy Prock,
• Olga B. Koper,
• Prem S. Thapa,
• David Moore,
• Ping Li,
• Viktor Chikan,
• Deryl L. Troyer and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 444–455, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.51

• and processing. The quantification of SN38 was achieved on an Agilent Eclipse XDB-C8 (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm) analytical column by using a mobile phase consisting of a water and methanol gradient from 60/40 to 5/95 in 20 min with a total flow of 1 mL/min. SN38 was detected at an UV wavelength of 380 nm

Nano-FTIR chemical mapping of minerals in biological materials

• Sergiu Amarie,
• Paul Zaslansky,
• Yusuke Kajihara,
• Erika Griesshaber,
• Wolfgang W. Schmahl and
• Fritz Keilmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 312–323, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.35

• and spectral analysis of the backscattered light is by an asymmetric Michelson interferometer that generates, by online Fourier transformation, infrared amplitude and phase spectra simultaneously; a switchable reference path ensures an absolute quantification of backscattering [3]. Note that while

Determination of object position, vortex shedding frequency and flow velocity using artificial lateral line canals

• Adrian Klein and
• Horst Bleckmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 276–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.32

• by attaching artificial cupulae to the artificial CNs. Overall, our study shows that ALLCs equipped with optical flow sensors are effective for the detection and quantification of aerial or aquatic stimuli. ALLCs could potentially provide unprecedented sensing and control functions to underwater