Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

• [10][11] as well as from the formation of reactive oxygen species [5][12]. Thereby, nanoparticles are considered more hazardous than microparticles [13]. As to toxicity the field of reproduction biology is particularly interesting because the influence of nanoparticles on gametes is of great concern

• addition to ion release, the surface chemistry of the nanoparticle itself may also be directly associated with nanotoxicological effects, e.g., the formation of reactive oxygen species [33]. Here, surface atoms may trigger chemical reactions with biomolecules which are possibly harmful to the organism

• release ions under physiological conditions. Hence, in contrast to gold atom clusters [33], gold nanoparticles are known to have a comparably low toxicity [34][35]. Hence, all adverse effects probably originate from the nanoscopic dimensions of the material, e.g., causing the formation of reactive oxygen

In vitro interaction of colloidal nanoparticles with mammalian cells: What have we learned thus far?

• Moritz Nazarenus,
• Qian Zhang,
• Mahmoud G. Soliman,
• Pablo del Pino,
• Beatriz Pelaz,
• Susana Carregal-Romero,
• Joanna Rejman,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Reinhard Zellner,
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus,
• James B. Delehanty,
• Igor L. Medintz and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1477–1490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.161

• such as Ag, ZnO, or CdSe is in particular triggered by the highly acidic pH in endo-/lysosomal compartments [156]. In both cases adverse biological effects are typically correlated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [157][158]. Also membrane damage plays a decisive role. In case of

The cell-type specific uptake of polymer-coated or micelle-embedded QDs and SPIOs does not provoke an acute pro-inflammatory response in the liver

• Markus Heine,
• Alexander Bartelt,
• Oliver T. Bruns,
• Denise Bargheer,
• Artur Giemsa,
• Barbara Freund,
• Ludger Scheja,
• Christian Waurisch,
• Alexander Eychmüller,
• Rudolph Reimer,
• Horst Weller,
• Peter Nielsen and
• Joerg Heeren

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1432–1440, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.155

• degraded SPIOs is transferred to the body iron stores. Nevertheless, iron-induced acute toxic reactions, probably related to the generation of reactive oxygen species, have been described in vitro after uptake of large amount of various SPIOs [5]. However, cell culture studies like the ones described above

• that after their internalization nanocrystals are not degraded within 30 min. The storage of oleic acid-coated nanocrystals within these lipophilic, intracellular compartments probably inhibits the release of free iron ions thereby preventing the generation of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory

The protein corona protects against size- and dose-dependent toxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles

• Dominic Docter,
• Christoph Bantz,
• Dana Westmeier,
• Hajo J. Galla,
• Qiangbin Wang,
• James C. Kirkpatrick,
• Peter Nielsen,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.151

• , such as the mitochondria or ER. As a consequence, ASP–cell interactions may also trigger the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing inflammatory responses and/or induce cell death [19][20][43][45]. Moreover, the direct binding of NP to proteins may additionally modulate downstream

Mimicking exposures to acute and lifetime concentrations of inhaled silver nanoparticles by two different in vitro approaches

• Fabian Herzog,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Sandor Balog,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Matthias Epple,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1357–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.149

• , increased levels of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected over a time period of 48 h [22][25][26]. Environmental stressors trigger the production of intracellular ROS, which can overwhelm the cellular antioxidant defence system. ROS can cause DNA damage, which results in the

Pyrite nanoparticles as a Fenton-like reagent for in situ remediation of organic pollutants

• Carolina Gil-Lozano,
• Elisabeth Losa-Adams,
• Alfonso F.-Dávila and
• Luis Gago-Duport

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 855–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.97

• dissolution of pyrite in the presence of O2(aq), according to Equation 3: At this moment, Fe2+ starts to catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 into OH• and other reactive oxygen species involved in the oxidation of organics pollutants, according to the Fenton chain-reaction sequence, described by Equations 4 to

Antimicrobial properties of CuO nanorods and multi-armed nanoparticles against B. anthracis vegetative cells and endospores

• Pratibha Pandey,
• Merwyn S. Packiyaraj,
• Himangini Nigam,
• Gauri S. Agarwal,
• Beer Singh and
• Manoj K. Patra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.91

• less prominence of a slime like layer in treated cells compared to the control cells. Recently Yang Li et al. have established that CuO NPs do not produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) even after 48 h of irradiation with UV light. Therefore, photocytotoxicity plays no role in the strong bactericidal

Mesoporous cerium oxide nanospheres for the visible-light driven photocatalytic degradation of dyes

• Subas K. Muduli,
• Songling Wang,
• Shi Chen,
• Chin Fan Ng,
• Cheng Hon Alfred Huan,
• Tze Chien Sum and
• Han Sen Soo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 517–523, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.60

• effective chemical methods is an acute problem that has been tackled by advanced oxidation processes [1]. The photocatalytic production of reactive oxygen species by using semiconductor technology has emerged as a sustainable and promising route for such advanced oxidation processes [2][3][4][5][6]. In

• ambient conditions and react with water and air to form reactive oxygen species such as •OH, •OOH, H2O2, and O2− for example [1][2][4][5][6]. These reactive oxygen species can subsequently decompose organic pollutants. Recent developments in nanotechnology have enhanced the performance of photocatalytic

• the course of the 6 h irradiation (see Supporting Information File 1). These included N-hydroxylated desethyl rhodamine B, phthalic acid, and even ring-opened products [6]. The composition of the degradation products alludes to oxidative decomposition by reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl

Near-infrared dye loaded polymeric nanoparticles for cancer imaging and therapy and cellular response after laser-induced heating

• Tingjun Lei,
• Alicia Fernandez-Fernandez,
• Romila Manchanda,
• Yen-Chih Huang and
• Anthony J. McGoron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 313–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.35

• : We explored cellular response after rapid, short-term and low thermal dose laser-IR820-PGMD NPs (laser/NPs) induced-heating, and compared it to slow, long-term and high thermal dose heating by a cell incubator. The expression levels of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), HIF-1 and VEGF following the

• ]. Given the importance of HIF-1, studies of the effect of HT on this protein are very relevant for therapeutic HT applications in cancer. Goyal et al. and Chandel et al. reported that elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cells stabilize HIF-1 expression [18][19]. On the other hand, ROS was

Cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects of PVP-coated silver nanoparticles after intratracheal instillation in rats

• Nadine Haberl,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Alexander Wenk,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Blair D. Johnston,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling and
• Carsten Schleh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 933–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.105

• oxygen species (ROS) in human lung fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner [19]. In contrast, very little is known about the cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects of AgNP in the respiratory system in vivo [20]. Intratracheal instillation of slightly agglomerated AgNP in mice resulted in progressively

• -dependent decrease in cell viability. In addition, a proinflammatory response was shown by increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) [18]. Furthermore, AgNP caused damage to mitochondria and an increased production of reactive

Synthesis of indium oxi-sulfide films by atomic layer deposition: The essential role of plasma enhancement

• Cathy Bugot,
• Nathanaëlle Schneider,
• Daniel Lincot and
• Frédérique Donsanti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 750–757, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.85

• scheme of the assumed substitution mechanism at the surface. The following exchange reactions can explain the substitution of S atoms by reactive oxygen species generated in the plasma. Indeed, their free standard enthalpies all have negative values: Thus, when comparing these reactions with the reaction

Catalytic activity of nanostructured Au: Scale effects versus bimetallic/bifunctional effects in low-temperature CO oxidation on nanoporous Au

• Lu-Cun Wang,
• Yi Zhong,
• Haijun Jin,
• Daniel Widmann,
• Jörg Weissmüller and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 111–128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.13