Controlling the electronic and physical coupling on dielectric thin films

• Philipp Hurdax,
• Michael Hollerer,
• Larissa Egger,
• Georg Koller,
• Xiaosheng Yang,
• Anja Haags,
• Serguei Soubatch,
• Frank Stefan Tautz,
• Mathias Richter,
• Alexander Gottwald,
• Peter Puschnig,
• Martin Sterrer and
• Michael G. Ramsey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1492–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.132

• values above (Figure 9a) and below (Figure 9b) the critical work function for charge transfer. The graphs show the intensity of the substrate photoemission signal (MgO valence band peak intensity in normal emission) and the response of the work function while increasing the temperature. For the high ΦMgO

Self-assembly and spectroscopic fingerprints of photoactive pyrenyl tectons on hBN/Cu(111)

• Domenik M. Zimmermann,
• Knud Seufert,
• Luka Ðorđević,
• Tobias Hoh,
• Sushobhan Joshi,
• Tomas Marangoni,
• Davide Bonifazi and
• Willi Auwärter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1470–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.130

• decoupling layer, the electronic structure of the pyrene derivatives was probed at the submolecular level, visualizing an MO-like contrast and evidencing effects of supramolecular organization. Importantly, three distinct molecular resonances could be detected, and the response to template-induced gating

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• , genes related to the general stress response were upregulated. Genes protecting against hydrogen peroxide oxidative damage, catalase/hydroperoxidase, superoxide radicals degradation genes, superoxide dismutase, and superoxide removal transcriptional activator, were upregulated in a range varying from

On the frequency dependence of viscoelastic material characterization with intermittent-contact dynamic atomic force microscopy: avoiding mischaracterization across large frequency ranges

• Enrique A. López-Guerra and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1409–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.125

• response of which depends on the rate of application of the stresses imparted by the AFM tip. The mechanical response of these materials thus depends strongly on the frequency at which the characterization is performed, so much so that important aspects of behavior may be missed if one chooses an arbitrary

• observed in their mechanical response and alert the reader about situations where mischaracterization may occur as a result of probing the material at frequency ranges or with probes that preclude observation of its viscoelastic behavior. While we do not offer a solution to the formidable problem of

• response of the cantilever with respect to the excitation, within amplitude-modulation AFM (AM-AFM)), which generally yields high-contrast images for dissipative materials [22]. Dynamic contact-mode techniques such as contact-resonance AFM [11][12][13][28], dual-amplitude resonance tracking AFM (DART [10

Triboelectric nanogenerator based on Teflon/vitamin B1 powder for self-powered humidity sensing

• Liangyi Zhang,
• Huan Li,
• Yiyuan Xie,
• Jing Guo and
• Zhiyuan Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1394–1401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.123

• measured open-circuit voltage was approximately 340 V. The TVB-TENG can be applied as a humidity sensor and exhibits a linear and reversible response to the relative humidity of the environment. Moreover, the change in relative humidity is also indicated by the change in luminosity of a set of light

• ]. Recently, TENG-based sensors have attracted increased attention [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. In 2014, Ga-doped ZnO was used for the fabrication of piezo-humidity sensors with a high sensitivity and a fast response [42]. In 2018, Vivekananthan et al. proposed sustainable energy harvesting and battery

• -TENG were performed in Chongqing, located in the southern region of China where it rains often and the annual relative humidity is usually above 40%. Thus, the humidity sensor response is limited due to a change in RH from 40 to 90% (Figure 4a–f). The dynamic change between the output voltage and the

Effect of localized helium ion irradiation on the performance of synthetic monolayer MoS₂ field-effect transistors

• Jakub Jadwiszczak,
• Pierce Maguire,
• Conor P. Cullen,
• Georg S. Duesberg and
• Hongzhou Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1329–1335, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.117

• monolayer MoS2 device. The output current (Ids) increases approx. fivefold for the same drain–source bias (Vds) when compared with the non-irradiated device. After the helium ion beam exposure, the transfer characteristics, Figure 1d, reveal a clearly reduced electrostatic response to the applied gate field

• significant n-dopant densities and suppressing the unwanted crystal structure amorphization which results from high irradiation doses. At high IR values (red group), we observe the emergence of a weak ambipolar response in our transfer curves. At these ratios, the device starts to enter a regime where more

• saturation, i.e., by creating unsaturated SVs in the bottom sulfuric layer [34][39]. A larger irradiation area will thus provide more effective p-doping sites while stifling the n-doping response as the probe tails begin to extend past the FET channel. In addition, low-dose trail areas will be irradiated

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• calculated from the CV curve by using the following equation [47][48]: where m is the mass of the electrode (g), s is the potential scan rate (mV/s), i is the response current (A) and ΔV is the potential window (V, ΔV = 1.0). The calculated specific capacitance values of the electrode were 35.65 F·g−1 for

An atomic force microscope integrated with a helium ion microscope for correlative nanoscale characterization

• Santiago H. Andany,
• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Stefan Hummel,
• Charlène Brillard,
• Mustafa Kangül and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1272–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.111

• amorphous silicon bubbles at the surface [34]. Furthermore, focused helium ion beam exposure inside a HIM can be used as a way of locally replicating the harsh radiation conditions found in nuclear fission and fusion reactors, to study the response of structural materials used in the reactors [35]. We

Ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions using a microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor for groundwater

• Dinesh Rotake,
• Anand Darji and
• Nitin Kale

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1242–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.108

• of sensing in the picomolar range. In this paper, we have used the previously designed portable piezoresistive platform for the selective capture Cd(II) in the picomolar range. Preliminary results show that the fabricated device has an excellent response within 20–23 minutes with 0.56 ng/mL (2.78 pM

• -DL-GC experiments. The values shows that the microcantilevers in channels 1 and 8 broke during the wire bonding and are not present in the analysis. The piezoresistive MEMS devices exhibit a fast response to changes in the resistance depending on the additional mass of Cd(II) loaded on the surface

• change in piezoresistance was around 200–300 Ω for each microcantilever. These results show the selectivity of the proposed method for Cd(II) with respect to other HMIs. It is also evident that the microcantilever in channel 5 (Figure 4c) shows a non-linear response. The rationale behind this is that no

Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of rubrene on clean and graphene-covered metal surfaces

• Karl Rothe,
• Alexander Mehler,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1157–1167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.100

• by sinusoidally modulating the bias voltage (5 mVrms, 750 Hz) and measuring the first harmonic of the current response of the tunneling barrier. Results and Discussion Pt(111)–C42H28 Figure 2a shows an overview STM image of C42H28 on Pt(111) at a coverage of approx. 20%. Well separated molecules or

Photothermally active nanoparticles as a promising tool for eliminating bacteria and biofilms

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Laura D’Alfonso,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1134–1146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.98

• gold nanoparticles (nanocrosses) with an efficient absorption in the NIR region and a fast photothermal response under NIR light excitation were conjugated to secondary and primary antibodies against PcrV, a type III secretion protein that is expressed by the superbug bacteria P. aeruginosa [58]. It

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• -patient absorption and response. This review addresses potential applications of SPIONs in vitro (formulations), ex vivo (in biological cells and tissues) and in vivo (preclinical animal models), as well as potential biomedical applications in the context of drug targeting, disease treatment and

• readily detected. Figure 3 gives a schematic overview of how the physical and chemical characteristics of SPIONs influence biological response and biomedical applications. Endocytosis, exocytosis, retention and clearance There are a number of possible cell entry mechanisms for nanoparticles, such as

• Fenton reaction of the iron oxide core taking place in the lysosome and the cell cytoplasm, increased the cancer cell response to cisplatin and reversed the resistance of the cells to the drug [115]. The retention time of nanoparticles in tissues and the clearance from blood and/or specific organs is

Plant growth regulation by seed coating with films of alginate and auxin-intercalated layered double hydroxides

• Vander A. de Castro,
• Valber G. O. Duarte,
• Danúbia A. C. Nobre,
• Geraldo H. Silva,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Frederico G. Pinto,
• Willian R. Macedo and
• Jairo Tronto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1082–1091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.93

• auxin 1-naphthalenoacetic acid (ZnAl-NAA-LDH), (ii) the coating of bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with composite films produced from mixtures of alginate polymer and ZnAl-NAA-LDH, and (iii) the evaluation of the plant response by bioassays. The hybrid ZnAl-NAA-LDH was characterized by a set of

Vibration analysis and pull-in instability behavior in a multiwalled piezoelectric nanosensor with fluid flow conveyance

• Sayyid H. Hashemi Kachapi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1072–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.92

• surface/interface density plays an important role in analysis of natural frequency and nonlinear frequency response). It is observed that for all modes, the DNF decreases when the L/R1 ratio increases. Also, the DNF for mode 3 is higher than that for modes 1 and 2. It is clear from this figure that in the

Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films

• Dumitru Tsiulyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85

• different operating temperatures with respect to scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses. It was shown that both types of films interacted with nitrogen dioxide, which resulted in a decrease of electrical conductivity. The gas sensitivity, as well as the response and recovery times

• , differed between these two nanostructured films. It is worth mentioning that these properties also depend on the operating temperature and the applied gas concentration on the films. An increase in the operating temperature decreased not only the response and recovery times but also the gas sensitivity of

• the nanocrystalline films. This shortcoming could be solved by using the amorphous nanostructured Te films which, even at 22 °C, exhibited higher gas sensitivity and shorter response and recovery times by more than one order of magnitude in comparison to the nanocrystalline Te films. These results

Microwave photon detection by an Al Josephson junction

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton A. Yablokov,
• Igor V. Rakut,
• Victor O. Zbrozhek and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 960–965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.80

• disadvantages. The first approach relies on a continuous current sweep at a constant repetition rate and the measurements of the switching current distributions, from which the response and sensitivity can be determined [14][15][16]. In particular, in [16] the tunneling properties of a current-biased Josephson

• expected to decrease the sensitivity to single photons for the same reason that it improves the noise immunity. To our knowledge, to date there are no works dedicated to the role of phase diffusion in the response to single photons. In the last section of the article, we show the experimental results of

• the switching probability induced by a weak microwave signal and discuss some features of the measured response, which may indicate the sensitivity to several photon bunches. The analysis of the phase-diffusion phenomena is a special case of a general problem of the motion of a Brownian particle in a

Extracting viscoelastic material parameters using an atomic force microscope and static force spectroscopy

• Cameron H. Parvini,
• M. A. S. R. Saadi and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 922–937, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.77

• accurate models specifically designed for AFM experimentation and simulation. The AFM community has pursued the precise quantification and extraction of rate-dependent material properties, in particular, for a significant period of time, attempting to describe the standard viscoelastic response of

• investigate different timescales of the mechanical response. This manuscript seeks to build upon our previous work and presents an approach to extracting useful linear viscoelastic information from AFM-SFS experiments. In addition, the basis for selecting and restricting the model parameters for fitting is

• discussed from the perspective of applying this technique on a practical level. This work begins with a guided discussion that develops a fit function from fundamental laws, continues with conditioning a raw SFS experimental dataset, and concludes with the fit and prediction of viscoelastic response

Measurement of electrostatic tip–sample interactions by time-domain Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Christian Ritz,
• Tino Wagner and
• Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 911–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.76

• component at ωm by adjusting Udc. The surface potential is then found as Ulcpd = Udc. The response at the second harmonic contains additional information about the capacitance gradient C′′ = ∂2C/∂z2. This signal is interesting in itself as it contains information about both geometric and electronic

• response of the cantilever at the modulation frequency ωm (not visible in Figure 1 since Udc ≈ Ulcpd) and at 2ωm [13][26][27]. A feedback loop is used to adjust Udc in order to nullify the component at ωm. If this is achieved, the resulting Δfmean, which is used for the topography control, is independent

• of the surface potential. However, it is still affected by the static contribution Δfrem. As can be seen in Equation 9, this component depends on C′′ and may change across material borders, inducing a topographic height error. The approach discussed in this paper tracks the time-resolved Δf-response

Band tail state related photoluminescence and photoresponse of ZnMgO solid solution nanostructured films

• Vadim Morari,
• Aida Pantazi,
• Nicolai Curmei,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Emil V. Rusu,
• Marius Enachescu,
• Ion M. Tiginyanu and
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 899–910, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.75

• long duration relaxation of photoconductivity was shown to be characteristic for films prepared by spin coating, while a fast response to irradiation was observed in samples prepared by aerosol spray pyrolysis. Similar to the issues about the influence of the technology on the morphology of films

Templating effect of single-layer graphene supported by an insulating substrate on the molecular orientation of lead phthalocyanine

• K. Priya Madhuri,
• Abhay A. Sagade,
• Pralay K. Santra and
• Neena S. John

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 814–820, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.66

• electrical studies using conducting-AFM (C-AFM). Figure 6a,b shows the topography and the corresponding current map of the film. The current response map shows an average current value of about 1 nA across the surface with highly conducting grains, which exhibit current values as high as 8–9 nA (Figure 6c

Light–matter interactions in two-dimensional layered WSe₂ for gauging evolution of phonon dynamics

• Avra S. Bandyopadhyay,
• Chandan Biswas and
• Anupama B. Kaul

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 782–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.63

• well-understood that the underlying factors governing the optical, electronic and thermal properties of solid-state materials are strongly influenced by phonons and their spatio-temporal response toward external stimuli. Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy has been a remarkable tool to gauge

• the instrument-induced broadening which is typically assumed to have a Gaussian response and is provided by the Voigt profile [46]. The actual Γ was therefore determined from the Voigt profile fitted to the experimental data, illustrated in Figure S4 for 1L WSe2 at T = 298 K in Section 4 of Supporting

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

• ) = < 0.5, two emitters when g(2)(0) ≈ 0.5, 3 emitters g(2)(0) ≈ 0.67, and so on. In fact, due to the photon counts background and finite response time of the correlation measurements are limited today by the convolution of the time response of the two SP detectors, g(2)(0) ≠ 0, in the case of the SP

Stochastic excitation for high-resolution atomic force acoustic microscopy imaging: a system theory approach

• Edgar Cruz Valeriano,
• José Juan Gervacio Arciniega,
• Christian Iván Enriquez Flores,
• Susana Meraz Dávila,
• Joel Moreno Palmerin,
• Martín Adelaido Hernández Landaverde,
• Yuri Lizbeth Chipatecua Godoy,
• Aime Margarita Gutiérrez Peralta,
• Rafael Ramírez Bon and
• José Martín Yañez Limón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 703–716, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.58

• signals for a measurement based on a lock-in amplifier. When a lock-in amplifier is used, it reduces the time response of the measurement process [10][17][20]. In this work, an AFM technique is presented that is based on resonance frequency shifts. The main advantages of this technique are reduced

• acquisition equipment using the deflection signal. Each FFT spectrum corresponds to one pixel of the sample and is stored on a hard disk drive. This way of measurement enhances the frequency window for analysis and does not require a lock-in amplifier, which reduces the time response of the overall

Electromigration-induced directional steps towards the formation of single atomic Ag contacts

• Atasi Chatterjee,
• Christoph Tegenkamp and
• Herbert Pfnür

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 680–687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.55

• increased. In the other case, the control went to the second loop, where momentary resistance changes (due to structural changes) were compared with preset feedback parameters with a response time of 10 ms. Abrupt changes in resistance took place at current densities of (5 ± 2) × 1013 A/m2 and at voltages

Exfoliation in a low boiling point solvent and electrochemical applications of MoO₃

• Matangi Sricharan,
• Bikesh Gupta,
• Sreejesh Moolayadukkam and
• H. S. S. Ramakrishna Matte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 662–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.52

• response with a small iR drop. This can be attributed to the better conductivity after adding CB. To study the stability of the composite, cyclic voltammetry was carried out up to 2000 cycles. Initially, the capacitance increases, which may be attributed to the wetting of the electrode with the electrolyte