Colorimetric gas detection by the varying thickness of a thin film of ultrasmall PTSA-coated TiO₂ nanoparticles on a Si substrate

• Urmas Joost,
• Andris Šutka,
• Meeri Visnapuu,
• Aile Tamm,
• Meeri Lembinen,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Kathriin Utt,
• Krisjanis Smits,
• Ergo Nõmmiste and
• Vambola Kisand

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 229–236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.25

• conducted under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. The binding energy scales for the XPS experiments were referenced to the binding energy of Ti4+ 2p3/2 (458.6 eV). To estimate the overall atomic concentrations of different compounds and elements, the average matrix relative sensitivity factors (AMRSF

Electron energy relaxation under terahertz excitation in (Cd_1−xZn_x)₃As₂ Dirac semimetals

• Alexandra V. Galeeva,
• Ivan V. Krylov,
• Konstantin A. Drozdov,
• Anatoly F. Knjazev,
• Alexey V. Kochura,
• Alexander P. Kuzmenko,
• Vasily S. Zakhvalinskii,
• Sergey N. Danilov,
• Ludmila I. Ryabova and
• Dmitry R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 167–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.17

• variation on the PEM effect amplitude is shown in Figure 2. For the direct spectrum sample with x = 0.25 (Figure 2a), the effect scales up as a function of the incident radiation power for both laser wavelengths used (the main panel), whereas the dependence of UPEM on the number of radiation quanta is

• than in the bulk. These kind of surface states are apparently present both in the inverse and direct gap phases of (Cd1−xZnx)3As2 solid solutions. The effect amplitude, however, scales up differently as a function of the incident radiation flux in the two cases. It was suggested in [12] that this

Studying friction while playing the violin: exploring the stick–slip phenomenon

• Santiago Casado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 159–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.16

• same magnifications as in Figure 4 were selected. Other violin strings were also inspected, but they all presented similar surface characteristics at these scales. Hence, only a representative D-string was analyzed in detail. In Figure 6, line profiles obtained from AFM characterization of samples 1

• orchestra, and a synthetic hair used with a Bestler violin for beginners. Both hairs were tested under optimal musical conditions in all the possible violin scales, checked and recorded by the same professional violin player, on the same violin, and on the same string (D). The age of the two samples was

• rosin particles. Sound waves and Fourier analyses of samples 1 and 2 after cleaning. Images of sample 1 (a) and 2 (b) cleaned surfaces, showing geometrical differences at various scales. Surface characterization of the D-string of a violin. Line profile comparison between D-string (upper plots, blue

Impact of surface wettability on S-layer recrystallization: a real-time characterization by QCM-D

• Jagoba Iturri,
• Ana C. Vianna,
• Alberto Moreno-Cencerrado,
• Dietmar Pum,
• Uwe B. Sleytr and
• José Luis Toca-Herrera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 91–98, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.10

• characteristic peak observed at the initial moments of the S-layer formation. Df plots representing the binding of SbpA onto the SCWP film. The color scales indicate the elapsed time after protein injection for (a) the full incubation process (1020 min, color step 60 min) and (b) the initial 60 min of the

Grazing-incidence optical magnetic recording with super-resolution

• Gunther Scheunert,
• Sidney. R. Cohen,
• René Kullock,
• Ryan McCarron,
• Katya Rechev,
• Ifat Kaplan-Ashiri,
• Ora Bitton,
• Paul Dawson,
• Bert Hecht and
• Dan Oron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 28–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.4

• end of the 50 ns pulse. The left side of the graph shows the long axis of the elliptical hot spot and the right side shows the short axis (note, there are different scales for the horizontal axis). The intensity distribution of the laser pulse (dotted black line) defines the lateral extension of the

When the going gets rough – studying the effect of surface roughness on the adhesive abilities of tree frogs

• Niall Crawford,
• Thomas Endlein,
• Jonathan T. Pham,
• Mathis Riehle and
• W. Jon P. Barnes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.201

• abrasion of the pad epithelium. Here, we tested the effect of surface roughness on the attachment abilities of the tree frog Litoria caerulea. This was done by testing shear and adhesive forces on artificial surfaces with controlled roughness, both on single toe pads and whole animal scales. It was shown

• blood vessels beneath the pads which will contribute to the soft nature of the whole pad [19]. It is, however, unknown to what extent these soft pads can deform and adapt to different scales of roughness. Here, the performance of tree frogs on rough surfaces was examined using a variety of techniques to

• can adapt (acting like a soft material) and conform to rough surfaces of different length scales [36]. Their setae work least effectively on surfaces where the contact area of individual spatulae is split between several asperities (100 to 300 nm root mean squared roughness) [36]. Traction experiments

Zigzag phosphorene nanoribbons: one-dimensional resonant channels in two-dimensional atomic crystals

• Carlos. J. Páez,
• Dario. A. Bahamon,
• Ana L. C. Pereira and
• Peter. A. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1983–1990, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.189

• confinement in quantum dots leads to rich physical phenomena [37]. The correlation among the energy scales involved such as energy-level spacing of the constriction, charging energy and couplings allows us to estimate when charging effects would be important [38]. In the strong-coupling regime the wave

Numerical investigation of depth profiling capabilities of helium and neon ions in ion microscopy

• Patrick Philipp,
• Lukasz Rzeznik and
• Tom Wirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1749–1760, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.168

• + irradiation of sample #3 with the thin-layer configuration: a) for carbon, b) for oxygen, and c) for hydrogen. The colour scales are different for the three species. Simulated depth profiles for a) 1 keV Ne+ irradiation of sample #1, b) 1 keV Ne+ irradiation of sample #3, c) 1 keV Ar+ irradiation of sample #1

Scanning probe microscopy studies on the adsorption of selected molecular dyes on titania

• Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki,
• Lukasz Zajac,
• Piotr Olszowski,
• Res Jöhr,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Bartosz Such,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Marek Szymonski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1642–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.156

• scales of the order of 8–20 fs [30]. Additionally, ordering of the molecules in the layers is shown to vary from a slightly tilted geometry, to a disordered one, and to a nearly flat-lying geometry as the coverage density increases from the submonolayer to monolayer, and to multilayer regimes [29]. These

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

• Alexandra M. Greiner,
• Adria Sales,
• Hao Chen,
• Sarah A. Biela,
• Dieter Kaufmann and
• Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

• surfaces sensor capabilities [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The topographies either mimic typical shapes and feature sizes found in the natural environment of cells or expose them to rather artificial often well-ordered geometries. Considering the length scales of interaction, either on the molecular

Fingerprints of a size-dependent crossover in the dimensionality of electronic conduction in Au-seeded Ge nanowires

• Maria Koleśnik-Gray,
• Gillian Collins,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Vojislav Krstić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1574–1578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.151

• ]. While the surface-to-volume ratio scales with NW radius and therefore can be controlled by adjusting synthesis conditions [11][12], the screening length depends on the density and dimensional character of the charge carriers in the NW [8]. Therefore it is crucial to investigate the charge transport

• predominantly through surface states (cf. Supporting Information File 1). Also, our previous work [14] showed that the carrier-distribution is uniform over length scales of several hundred nm’s along each NW unlike potentially expected for deliberately volume-doped Si NWs [18][19][20][21]. From the measured

• . Grey dashed line in (c) corresponds to the numerical fitting of Nd(R) with a power function. Carrier-density dependent transport properties in Ge NWs. (a) Electrical conductivity and (b) mobility as function of carrier density Nd. Dashed lines are a guide to the eye. Characteristic length scales in Ge

Surface roughness rather than surface chemistry essentially affects insect adhesion

• Matt W. England,
• Tomoya Sato,
• Makoto Yagihashi,
• Atsushi Hozumi,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Elena V. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1471–1479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.139

• energy (BE) scales were referenced to 284.6 eV, as determined by the locations of the peak maxima of the C 1s spectra of a hydrocarbon (CHx). Surface compositions were determined by the corresponding core-level spectral area ratios, calculated using the relative sensitivity factor method. The relative

False positives and false negatives measure less than 0.001% in labeling ssDNA with osmium tetroxide 2,2’-bipyridine

• Anastassia Kanavarioti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1434–1446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.135

• U-oligo migrates later compared to the C-oligo. The profiles are shown in different scales to partially correct for the fact that by adding the U-oligo, the C-oligo is diluted. This figure illustrates that degradation of C(OsBp) to U(OsBp) in this oligo would have been detectable as a new peak

Three-gradient regular solution model for simple liquids wetting complex surface topologies

• Sabine Akerboom,
• Marleen Kamperman and
• Frans A. M. Leermakers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1377–1396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.129

• in θ, which is observed at macroscopic length scales, details about the microscopic scale should be considered. For the simplest case in which a water droplet wets the structured surface on a microscopic level with its preferred angle θY (see Figure 1B), the apparent contact angle, θW is given by [11

• methods [29], molecular dynamics (MD) [23][30][31][32], and mesoscopic lattice-Boltzmann (LB) models [33][34][35][36][37] are a viable option for this problem, but are challenging because wetting on complex structures involves multiple length scales [38] and the time needed to converge to a solution can

On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles

• Claudia Messerschmidt,
• Daniel Hofmann,
• Anja Kroeger,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1296–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.121

• , respectively. As already proposed by Bauer et al., surface area may also play a crucial role in cytotoxicity of SiNPs [41]. When scaling the concentration to the particle size one might use the total area of NPs applied to the cells. Assuming spherical particles the total applied area of NPs scales with 1/r

The self-similarity theory of high pressure torsion

• Yan Beygelzimer,
• Roman Kulagin,
• Laszlo S. Toth and
• Yulia Ivanisenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1267–1277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.117

• physical process simple to describe emerges naturally, and the answer often has to do with the self-similarity of the process [15]. Self-similarity makes a complex process simple to describe because the process just repeats itself at different scales of time or space. For example, the self-similarity of

• originating from the self-similarity of the microstructure, while it has been shown in the present work that the self-similarity of HPT at the macro-level requires power-law hardening, Thus, there is a relationship between self-similarities at different scales in HPT: Self-similarity at the micro-level is a

Photocurrent generation in carbon nanotube/cubic-phase HfO₂ nanoparticle hybrid nanocomposites

• Protima Rauwel,
• Augustinas Galeckas,
• Martin Salumaa,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Erwan Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1075–1085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.101

• nanoparticles [21]. Figure 3 shows room temperature PL spectra of the hybrid nanocomposites dispersed in ethanol as a colloidal suspension and of the free-standing HfO2 nanoparticles. As one can deduce from the PL intensity scales in Figure 3a,b, the total quantum yield in the case of nanocomposites is two

• nanoparticles. Grey curves represent the Gaussian deconvolution components. Note different the photoluminescence intensity scales in (a) and (b). (a) HAADF-STEM image of the area of interest where EELS was performed, (b) C K-edge core loss EELS spectra on the area of interest indicated in Figure 2a. (a) I–V

Role of solvents in the electronic transport properties of single-molecule junctions

• Katharina Luka-Guth,
• Sebastian Hambsch,
• Andreas Bloch,
• Philipp Ehrenreich,
• Bernd Michael Briechle,
• Filip Kilibarda,
• Torsten Sendler,
• Dmytro Sysoiev,
• Thomas Huhn,
• Artur Erbe and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1055–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.99

• different solvents. Density plots of current–voltage characteristics of all investigated solvents. The right column gives a close up for the small current region. The colour code is normalized. The total numbers of curves are: Mes 107, TCB 70, Tol 173, Tol/THF 180, EtOH 372, IPA 55. Note different scales

Generalized Hertz model for bimodal nanomechanical mapping

• Aleksander Labuda,
• Marta Kocuń,
• Waiman Meinhold,
• Deron Walters and
• Roger Proksch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 970–982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.89

• be solved analytically for a paraboloidal indenter after applying the binomial approximation such that Note that the second-mode change in stiffness scales linearly with indentation depth, Δk2δmax, while the first mode stiffness scales with the square of the indentation depth, . These scaling laws

Efficient electron-induced removal of oxalate ions and formation of copper nanoparticles from copper(II) oxalate precursor layers

• Kai Rückriem,
• Sarah Grotheer,
• Henning Vieker,
• Paul Penner,
• André Beyer,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 852–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.77

• metal salts [5] or in aqueous precursor solutions [6][7][8]. In contrast, divergent lower-energy electron beams process surfaces on macroscopic length scales. In this case, patterns can be imprinted onto a surface by electron exposure through a mask [9][10]. Such patterns themselves often consist of

Assembling semiconducting molecules by covalent attachment to a lamellar crystalline polymer substrate

• Rainhard Machatschek,
• Patrick Ortmann,
• Renate Reiter,
• Stefan Mecking and
• Günter Reiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 784–798, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.70

• larger scales, as has been demonstrated for colloidal particles for which ordered monolayers of square centimeter sizes were achieved [7]. The polymer, which we chose for our experiments, was polyethylene with carboxyl groups at every 45th carbon atom, denoted as CPE45. The carboxyl groups were chosen

Thermo-voltage measurements of atomic contacts at low temperature

• Ayelet Ofarim,
• Bastian Kopp,
• Thomas Möller,
• León Martin,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 767–775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.68

• . While the signal size of the thermopower scales with the temperature, the stability of the junctions and the purity of the contacts due to the higher vacuum are improved at low temperature and therefore enable more detailed studies of the thermopower for instance as a function of bias voltage. The

Magnetic switching of nanoscale antidot lattices

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Joachim Gräfe,
• Kristof M. Lebecki,
• Maxim Skripnik,
• Felix Haering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Eberhard Goering and
• Ulrich Nowak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 733–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.65

• films starting from the antidots’ rims. In practice, however, it turned out that neither the magnetisation of the samples nor their coercive field changed significantly over time scales of several months. The experimental parameters used for preparing the antidot samples presented below are given in the

• minimizes its volume, in analogy to the domain wall pinning in a ferromagnetic nanowire containing a notch [43]. In turn, this pinning becomes more effective the more energy is saved by incorporating the non-magnetic defect into the domain wall, i.e., it scales with the domain wall energy. In this way, the

• technique allows to reduce the periodicity way below previous limits of about 500 nm. As the anisotropy energy, and thus the stability of the magnetisation, scales with the volume of the elements assembling the spin-ice lattice, one could imagine accessing dimensions in which the magnetisation can be

Hierarchical coassembly of DNA–triptycene hybrid molecular building blocks and zinc protoporphyrin IX

• Rina Kumari,
• Sumit Singh,
• Mohan Monisha,
• Sourav Bhowmick,
• Anindya Roy,
• Neeladri Das and
• Prolay Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 697–707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.62

• site for polymers, restricts the efficient packing and promotes spatial separation of polymer backbones [30][31]. A great challenge remains in the design of triptycence-based complex functional systems having a long-range alignment of molecules over different scales in a hierarchically organized manner

Finite-size effect on the dynamic and sensing performances of graphene resonators: the role of edge stress

• Chang-Wan Kim,
• Mai Duc Dai and
• Kilho Eom

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 685–696, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.61

• are given as AC-ZZ and AC56-ZZH. We measured the frequency differences between these two graphene resonators as a function of their length scales. Figure 1c shows that the frequency difference between these two graphene resonators becomes large even up to the order of 500 MHz to 10 GHz when their size