Long-term stability and scale-up of noncovalently bound gold nanoparticle-siRNA suspensions

• Anna V. Epanchintseva,
• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Dmitrii V. Pyshnyi,
• Elena I. Ryabchikova and
• Inna A. Pyshnaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2568–2578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.248

• siRNA duplex integrity as well as siRNA surface density. Dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, and electrophoresis were used to study the effect of scaling up the AuNP-siRNA synthesis and long term storage of its suspension on physicochemical properties of the

• stability of the AuNP-siRNA suspensions during storage by gel electrophoresis and dynamic light scattering, studied the samples by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), determined spectral characteristics of the AuNP-siRNA, and monitored the preservation of the siRNA on the AuNP surface by electrophoresis

Advanced hybrid nanomaterials

• Andreas Taubert,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2563–2567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.247

• for sensing or corrosion protection. To understand composite formation of a complex hybrid assembly, high quality characterization is paramount. An example is small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), which was used in the work “Mechanism of silica–lysozyme composite formation unraveled by in situ fast

Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells

• Mohammad J. Akbar,
• Pâmela C. Lukasewicz Ferreira,
• Melania Giorgetti,
• Leanne Stokes and
• Christopher J. Morris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2553–2562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.246

• formulations were prepared using the thin-film technique to yield small and monodisperse vesicles as judged by dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis (Table 1). The colloidal properties of both liposomal formulations were highly similar in terms of size, polydispersity and zeta potential and consistent with

Formation of metal/semiconductor Cu–Si composite nanostructures

• Natalya V. Yumozhapova,
• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Vyacheslav V. Syzrantsev and
• Erzhena C. Khartaeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2497–2504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.240

• Mie scattering theory, investigated the optical response of the obtained Si/Au nanoparticles. The results of the study showed an increase of the local electric field and unidirectional light scattering with a high Purcell coefficient compared with a nanoparticle consisting only of gold. Another

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Yongda Yan,
• Li Wang,
• Peng Miao,
• Yimin Han,
• Xinming Zhang,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Yanquan Geng,
• Zhankun Weng,
• Daniel Laipple and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

• surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. Recently, in order to obtain a higher enhancement factor at a lower detection limit, hierarchical structures, including nanostructures and nanoparticles, appear to be viable SERS substrate candidates. Here we describe a novel method integrating the

• sensitive, hierarchical SERS substrate. Keywords: Ag nanoparticles; hierarchical substrates; malachite green molecules; nanoindentation; nanostructures; R6G; SERS; Introduction Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has triggered significant research interest due to its suitability as an analytical tool

• for the ultrasensitive detection of molecules [1][2][3][4]. Compared with traditional Raman scattering technology, SERS is a surface phenomenon associated with the amplification of Raman intensity by several orders of magnitude for analyte molecules. The high resolution results from the combination of

Small protein sequences can induce cellular uptake of complex nanohybrids

• Jan-Philip Merkl,
• Malak Safi,
• Christian Schmidtke,
• Fadi Aldeek,
• Johannes Ostermann,
• Tatiana Domitrovic,
• Sebastian Gärtner,
• John E. Johnson,
• Horst Weller and
• Hedi Mattoussi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2477–2482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.238

• stability studies in culture media were first carried out. We found no sign of aggregation build up for at least 5 hours, as verified using dynamic light scattering measurements, where mono-modal autocorrelation function along with a single intensity vs hydrodynamic size peak (i.e., Laplace transform

pH-Controlled fluorescence switching in water-dispersed polymer brushes grafted to modified boron nitride nanotubes for cellular imaging

• Saban Kalay,
• Yurij Stetsyshyn,
• Volodymyr Donchak,
• Khrystyna Harhay,
• Ostap Lishchynskyi,
• Halyna Ohar,
• Yuriy Panchenko,
• Stanislav Voronov and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2428–2439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.233

• thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV–vis), laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The DLS results demonstrated that P(AA-co-FA)-functionalized BNNTs

• 9600 nm/min scan rate. The excitation and emission wavelength and the maximum fluorescence intensity of each peak were recorded. The concentration of BNNTs was 1 mg/mL. The pH of the suspension was adjusted by adding HCl or NaOH. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) The size distribution and zeta potential

Coating of upconversion nanoparticles with silica nanoshells of 5–250 nm thickness

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Maysoon Saleh,
• Bastian Rühle,
• Ute Resch-Genger and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2410–2421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.231

• narrow emission bands in the ultraviolet/visible/NIR upon excitation in the NIR range where light absorption and scattering from biological tissues is minimal as well as long fluorescence lifetimes in the microsecond range that are insensitive to oxygen, a high chemical stability and a low cytotoxicity

• of the UCNP@SiO2 core–shell particles was obtained from these STEM images, and the corresponding hydrodynamic diameters were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS, see below in Table 1). Although large, core-free silica particles can easily be obtained by Stöber-like growth processes [28], and

• intensity ratio. Here it needs to be kept in mind that the different sizes of the silica-coated particles can affect their scattering characteristics and thereby the excitation power density distribution within the optical cell used for the UCL measurements. In the case of UCL, which depends on the

Deterministic placement of ultra-bright near-infrared color centers in arrays of silicon carbide micropillars

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Abdul Salam Al Atem,
• Faraz Ahmed Inam,
• Hans Jürgen von Bardeleben,
• Sophie Hameau,
• Ahmed Fahad Almutairi,
• Gérard Guillot,
• Shin-ichiro Sato,
• Alberto Boretti and
• Jean Marie Bluet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2383–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.229

• attenuation of X-ray or coherent neutron scattering [23][24]. The DWF can be estimated as the ratio of the ZPL PL emission, compared to the total PL emission, which is the combination of the ZPL PL emission and the phonon-broadened PL. The ZFS refers to the lifting of degeneracy in the absence of a magnetic

Integration of sharp silicon nitride tips into high-speed SU8 cantilevers in a batch fabrication process

• Nahid Hosseini,
• Matthias Neuenschwander,
• Oliver Peric,
• Santiago H. Andany,
• Jonathan D. Adams and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2357–2363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.226

• straight (due to their shorter length), a similar optimization of the process parameters could improve this issue further. The cantilevers shown in Figure 1c have a peculiar shape with SU8 residues sticking out in a cross at the free end of the SU8 cantilever. This is due to the scattering of the light

The role of Ag⁺, Ca²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Al³⁺ adions in the SERS turn-on effect of anionic analytes

• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu,
• Loredana F. Leopold and
• Nicolae Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2338–2345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.224

• -Napoca, Romania 10.3762/bjnano.10.224 Abstract In our recent studies we highlighted the role of adsorbed ions (adions) in turning on the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect in a specific mode for anionic and cationic analytes. In this work, we emphasize the role of Ag+, Ca2+, Pb2+ and Al3

• of higher affinities to the silver surface as indicated by the SERS spectra of corresponding mixed solutions. Keywords: adion-specific adsorption model; cation bridging; Raman; surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS); Introduction Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is an ultrasensitive

• +–halide–organic molecule is formed that allows a charge transfer between the metal surface and the molecule leading to a resonant Raman scattering effect [6][7][8]. Evidence for surface complexes were provided by several SERS experiments on silver electrodes [3][8], but also on colloidal silver

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

• CUR. In this sense, the presence of CUR promoted a better structuring of the system. Micelle size analysis The micelle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and D90% of the nanostructured systems with and without CUR were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and the results are displayed in Table 2

• . The polymer concentration should be low enough to circumvent multiple scattering in DLS measurements [56]. Thus, the systems were diluted in two different concentrations, 0.3% and 1.5% (w/w), in relationship to the amount of P407 in the formulations. It was observed that the system is quite dynamic

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

• Stefania Ordanini,
• Wanda Celentano,
• Anna Bernardi and
• Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

• three days. The crudes were purified by dialysis against water, and the final products (A4-)PEGx-PCLy-Many were lyophilized, achieving moderate to high yields. Nanoparticle formation and size characterization Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to determine the hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of the

• S11–S22, Tables S1–S4). In any medium, polymers formed nanoparticles with Dh varying from 7.5 to 11.3 nm, a size range which corresponds to 99–100% of the volume distribution. The remaining 0–1% was due to the presence of aggregates with a size of hundreds of nanometers as revealed by the scattering

• size distribution by scattering intensity (%) was determined by the CONTIN algorithm, as provided by the Zetasizer software (Malvern, UK). Particle size distribution by volume (%) was calculated from the scattering intensity distributions by the Zetasizer software, by setting the refractive index of

Nonlinear absorption and scattering of a single plasmonic nanostructure characterized by x-scan technique

• Tushar C. Jagadale,
• Dhanya S. Murali and
• Shi-Wei Chu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2182–2191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.211

• characterize the nonlinearity of the optical absorption and scattering of single nanostructures. Currently, the common method to quantify optical nonlinearity is the z-scan technique, which yields real and imaginary parts of the permittivity by moving a thin sample with a laser beam. However, z-scan typically

• simultaneous quantification for the nonlinear behavior of scattering, absorption and total attenuation by a single nanostructure. At low excitation intensities, both scattering and absorption responses are linear, thus confirming the linearity of the detection system. At high excitation intensities, we found

• that the nonlinear response can be derived directly from the point spread function of the x-scan images. Exceptionally large nonlinearities of both scattering and absorption are unraveled simultaneously for the first time. The present study not only provides a novel method for characterizing

BergaCare SmartLipids: commercial lipophilic active concentrates for improved performance of dermal products

• Florence Olechowski,
• Rainer H. Müller and
• Sung Min Pyo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2152–2162, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.208

• . Incorporating a nanoparticle material needs to be declared in the INCI nomenclature by the addition of “nano”. A typical mean size of SmartLipids particles is in the range of 200–400 nm, measured by laser light scattering, i.e., photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). The calculated size is based on the

Microbubbles decorated with dendronized magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical imaging: effective stabilization via fluorous interactions

• Da Shi,
• Justine Wallyn,
• Dinh-Vu Nguyen,
• Francis Perton,
• Delphine Felder-Flesch,
• Sylvie Bégin-Colin,
• Mounir Maaloum and
• Marie Pierre Krafft

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2103–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.205

• ), were synthesized and grafted on the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) for microbubble-mediated imaging and therapeutic purposes. The size and stability of the dendronized IONPs (IONP@CnX2n+1OEG8Den) in aqueous dispersions were monitored by dynamic light scattering. The investigation of the

• significant reduction of the oleic acid alkyl bands (2926‒2850 cm−1) and the appearance of the OEG signal (1096 cm−1) (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). The grafting of the dendrons on the IONPs was also confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS, Figure 2). The hydrodynamic mean diameter of IONP

Improvement of the thermoelectric properties of a MoO₃ monolayer through oxygen vacancies

• Wenwen Zheng,
• Wei Cao,
• Ziyu Wang,
• Huixiong Deng,
• Jing Shi and
• Rui Xiong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2031–2038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.199

• the electronic structure, the electrical transport properties can be obtained using the Boltzmann transport theory and the constant scattering time approximation as implemented in the BoltzTraP code [23]. To get reliable electrical transport coefficients, a denser k-point mesh of 40 × 40 × 1 is used

• monolayer show an anisotropic behavior, where the thermal conductivity of the lattice along the x-axis is higher than that along the y-axis. At room temperature, κph is 5.38 and 3.07 W·mK−1 along the x- and y-direction, respectively. As a result of the intrinsic enhancement of the phonon–phonon scattering

• . Therefore, we assume that the thermal conductivity of the lattice and electrical relaxation time remain unchanged. In fact, O vacancies can result in the reduction of the thermal conductivity of the lattice due to anisotropic phonon scattering at the vacancies and the final ZT values will be higher. The

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• solution. Ultrasensitive sensors for mercury ions were prepared by Li et al. who engineered suspended atomically thin black phosphorus between the source and drain electrodes [94]. Due to the avoidance of substrate scattering, the sensors with bridged black phosphorus exhibit a much improved signal-to

• devices. Of course, all important sensor activities cannot be described in this review. For example, sensors based on various advanced physical mechanisms such as plasmonic [194], dielectric sensing [195], surface-enhanced Raman scattering [196], Fabry–Pérot-based intraocular pressure [197], and/or novel

Optimization and performance of nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a color conversion layer for white-LED applications

• Tugrul Guner,
• Hurriyet Yuce,
• Didem Tascioglu,
• Eren Simsek,
• Umut Savaci,
• Aziz Genc,
• Servet Turan and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2004–2013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.197

• scattering, and the gradual transparency loss of the PVP, which increases the backscattering of light from the sample towards the LED. In Figure 3b, the white-light properties, such as CRI, CCT, and LER, that represent the efficacy of the produced light on the human eye (calculated by considering the human

• decreases as the N-CDot amount is increased (at fixed amount of red phosphor). This behavior possibly results from aggregation-induced luminescence quenching and enhanced scattering of the light within the composites. In the case of the sample CDR 3, adding more red phosphor at the fixed N-CDots amount

• reduce the amount of N-CDots used and to obtain adequate white-light properties. These results can be explained by the significantly enhanced multiple-scattering in the conversion layers containing the composite fibers due to their nonuniform structure full of scattering centers. As a consequence, more N

Nanostructured and oriented metal–organic framework films enabling extreme surface wetting properties

• Andre Mähringer,
• Julian M. Rotter and
• Dana D. Medina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1994–2003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.196

• crystallites are well-aligned orthogonal to the surface plane, X-ray grazing incidence wide-angle scattering (GIWAXS) experiments were performed (see Figure 2B,C). GIWAXS analysis of the obtained films confirmed the successful on-surface deposition of crystalline M-CAT-1 materials. The collected out-of-plane

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• -D image reconstructed from the dataset of the scanned object and expressed in Hounsfield units (HU) [6]. X-ray attenuation and the image contrast result from the scattering (differential) of the X-rays in the tissue. Tissue and bones absorb X-rays more strongly than air [7]. NPs hold great potential

• limited coalescence. Au-CPMV assemblies were freely suspended; no aggregation was observed by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) or dynamic light scattering (DLS). The successful coating of CPMV particles with gold was confirmed by TEM (Figure 1). Nearly spherical NPs were observed the average diameters

• conclude that the prepared VCAM1-PEG5000Au-CPMV is an acceptable targeting model for further in vivo studies. STEM–EDX elemental maps Low-voltage STEM offers a contrast enhancement over conventional TEM analysis due to lower energy (20–30 kV). The higher electron scattering provides better insight into the

Porous silver-coated pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel nanocapsules

• William W. Bryan,
• Riddhiman Medhi,
• Maria D. Marquez,
• Supparesk Rittikulsittichai,
• Michael Tran and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1973–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.194

• advantages over bulk materials in terms of reactive surface area, mobility, carrier capacity, bioavailability, and absorption/scattering across a broad range of wavelengths, even into the near-infrared (NIR) [7][8][9][10]. Nanostructured composites have been reported in a variety of shapes, sizes, and

Magnetic properties of biofunctionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

• Natalia E. Gervits,
• Andrey A. Gippius,
• Alexey V. Tkachev,
• Evgeniy I. Demikhov,
• Sergey S. Starchikov,
• Igor S. Lyubutin,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Vladimir P. Chekhonin,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Alevtina S. Semkina and
• Alexander G. Mazhuga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1964–1972, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.193

• within the coherent X-ray scattering region, and the size can be slightly different from the values obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM images of the nanoparticles are presented in Figure 2. The particle size distribution estimated from the high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images is

Pulsed laser synthesis of highly active Ag–Rh and Ag–Pt antenna–reactor-type plasmonic catalysts

• Kenneth A. Kane and
• Massimo F. Bertino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1958–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.192

• excitation is the direct confinement of light near the surface of the metal NP in the form of elevated electric fields [1]. The confinement amplifies absorption (electron–hole pair excitation) and photon scattering, both of which are photophysical processes [2][3][4][5]. For isolated NPs, the amplification

• can be as high as hundreds of times the intensity of the incoming electromagnetic field [6] and thousands of times the intensity at corners or other sharp features of the NP [7]. Elevated LSPR fields dissipate energy through radiative photon scattering or nonradiative absorption [8][9][10

• materials to act as absorption sinks for the electromagnetic energy concentrated by plasmonic metals [14]. Aslam et al. demonstrated this in a system consisting of large, Ag nanocube cores (75 nm) surrounded by thin (1 nm) Pt shells [18]. Photon scattering was optically determined to be the primary means of

The influence of porosity on nanoparticle formation in hierarchical aluminophosphates

• Matthew E. Potter,
• Lauren N. Riley,
• Alice E. Oakley,
• Panashe M. Mhembere,
• June Callison and
• Robert Raja

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1952–1957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.191

• the k3-weighted Fourier transform for the XAS data of the Au-deposited microporous MP-SAPO-5 (A) and hierarchical HP-SAPO-5 (B) compared to the Au foil. Associated scattering paths, with a single Au–Au feature are included. Stacked XPS data for Au-doped microporous MP-SAPO-5 (A) and hierarchical HP