Dissipation signals due to lateral tip oscillations in FM-AFM

• Michael Klocke and
• Dietrich E. Wolf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2048–2057, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.213

• , but convex, which is also visible in the topography signal. Such finite size effects are expected to occur not only in the simulation but for real nanostructured surfaces as well. We see a strong contrast in the dissipation signal. The dissipation signal is slightly below the experimentally observed

Quasi-1D physics in metal-organic frameworks: MIL-47(V) from first principles

• Danny E. P. Vanpoucke,
• Jan W. Jaeken,
• Stijn De Baerdemacker,
• Kurt Lejaeghere and
• Veronique Van Speybroeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1738–1748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.184

• factor of two larger. Also, Wang et al. [41] showed that the choice of the Hubbard U, in DFT+U calculations, significantly modifies the coupling constants.); (3) finite size effects (the calculated systems represent perfect infinite-size systems, while it was shown, for example, for vanadyl acetate

Formation of Cu_xAu_1−x phases by cold homogenization of Au/Cu nanocrystalline thin films

• Alona Tynkova,
• Gabor L. Katona,
• Gabor A. Langer,
• Sergey I. Sidorenko,
• Svetlana M. Voloshko and
• Dezso L. Beke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1491–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.162

• neglected leading to a linear relation. Figure 10 shows the average composition inside the gold and copper layers as the function of the annealing time obtained after heat treatments at 150 °C: The first part is linear (the saturation at longer t values is due to finite size effects). From the linear

Optical and structural characterization of oleic acid-stabilized CdTe nanocrystals for solution thin film processing

• Claudio Davet Gutiérrez-Lazos,
• Mauricio Ortega-López,
• Manuel A. Pérez-Guzmán,
• A. Mauricio Espinoza-Rivas,
• Francisco Solís-Pomar,
• Rebeca Ortega-Amaya,
• L. Gerardo Silva-Vidaurri,
• Virginia C. Castro-Peña and
• Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 881–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.100

• for preserve their size effects [20][21][22]. All of these techniques need ink-like stable dispersions comprising functionalized nanomaterials dispersed in a convenient solvent. Drop-casting offers a cost efficient production of photovoltaic semiconductor thin films. Nevertheless, depending on the

• technique to assess the structure of semiconductors also at the nanometer-scale. In particular, Raman spectroscopy is sensitive to size effects, because like the excitons, phonons experience quantum confinement effects depending on the crystal size. In CdTe, the quantum confinement effect is revealed by the

Core level binding energies of functionalized and defective graphene

• Toma Susi,
• Markus Kaukonen,
• Paula Havu,
• Mathias P. Ljungberg,
• Paola Ayala and
• Esko I. Kauppinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 121–132, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.12

• have considered either non-periodic (cluster-type) systems or small unit cells. This has made the simulation of extended defects challenging and subject to questionable approximations, and possibly even spurious image–image interaction or finite size effects. Furthermore, the electronic structure of

Quantum size effects in TiO₂ thin films grown by atomic layer deposition

• Massimo Tallarida,
• Chittaranjan Das and
• Dieter Schmeisser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 77–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.7

• influenced by quantum size effects. The modified electronic properties may play an important role in charge carrier transport and separation, and increase the efficiency of energy conversion systems. Keywords: atomic layer deposition (ALD); charge transfer multiplet; covalency; energy conversion; quantum

• size effects; titanium dioxide (TiO2); water splitting; X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS); Introduction Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an important material for the photoelectrolysis of water [1] and for many other photocatalytic reactions [2]. Its effective conversion of solar light, although limited

• ]. Recently, TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with an average diameter of 2 nm showed quantum size effects on unoccupied states [10], which involved the hybridization of Ti 3d and Ti 4s orbitals with O 2p orbitals in covalent bonds. The conformal growth of ALD gives the possibility of having homogeneous films below 2

Study of mesoporous CdS-quantum-dot-sensitized TiO₂ films by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and AFM

• Mohamed N. Ghazzal,
• Robert Wojcieszak,
• Gijo Raj and
• Eric M. Gaigneaux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 68–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.6

• be counted [9]. In the case of spectroscopy techniques such as UV–vis spectroscopy combined with effective mass approximation the values of particle size are usually strongly overestimated [11]. However, this technique could be useful in explaining the dependence of the band gap on quantum size

• effects [9][11][12][13]. In this study, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, to estimate the particle size of QDs-CdS grown on a mesoporous TiO2 film. The successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction processes, which are defined as deposition

Static analysis of rectangular nanoplates using trigonometric shear deformation theory based on nonlocal elasticity theory

• Mohammad Rahim Nami and
• Maziar Janghorban

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 968–973, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.109

• Mohammad Rahim Nami Maziar Janghorban School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 10.3762/bjnano.4.109 Abstract In this article, a new higher order shear deformation theory based on trigonometric shear deformation theory is developed. In order to consider the size effects

• deflections. It is also obtained that the influences of nonlocal parameter cannot be neglected so the classical plate theories for macro plates are not suitable for studying nanoplates. To compare the results of macro and nanoplates and studying the size effects, one new parameter was defined by researchers

Size variation of infrared vibrational spectra from molecules to hydrogenated diamond nanocrystals: a density functional theory study

• Mudar A. Abdulsattar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 262–268, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.28

• range 1589–2920 cm−1 is seen in Figure 1 compared to a frequency gap in the range 1490–2850 cm−1 in bulk diamond-like carbon or hydrocarbon molecules [18]. The differences can be attributed to various reasons, such as an internal structure effect, scale factor effect, size effects, etc. An important

Hydrogen-plasma-induced magnetocrystalline anisotropy ordering in self-assembled magnetic nanoparticle monolayers

• Alexander Weddemann,
• Judith Meyer,
• Anna Regtmeier,
• Irina Janzen,
• Dieter Akemeier and
• Andreas Hütten

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 164–172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.16

• magnetic properties [3][4] or specific biological surface coatings [5][6] have been established. Such nanocrystals have a nonzero magnetization at zero field because of finite-size effects. Nevertheless, due to their superparamagnetic nature, the effective magnetic moment of an ensemble of noninteracting

Catalytic activity of nanostructured Au: Scale effects versus bimetallic/bifunctional effects in low-temperature CO oxidation on nanoporous Au

• Lu-Cun Wang,
• Yi Zhong,
• Haijun Jin,
• Daniel Widmann,
• Jörg Weissmüller and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 111–128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.13

• , which is the key step for gold-catalyzed oxidation reactions [26][27]. Furthermore, quantum size effects, which have been proposed by Chen and Goodman for oxide-supported Au catalysts [28], may also be relevant for NPG catalysts considering the nanometer size of the Au ligaments. More recently, residual

Characterization and properties of micro- and nanowires of controlled size, composition, and geometry fabricated by electrodeposition and ion-track technology

• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 860–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.97

• , including investigations on electrical resistivity, surface plasmon resonances, and thermal instability. Keywords: electrodeposition; etched ion-track membrane; finite-size effects; heavy ion irradiation; nanowire; radiation-induced nanostructures; Introduction During the past decade, nanowires have

• crystallinity of the nanostructures [7][8][9]. The investigation of size effects requires methods to synthesize nanowires under controlled conditions and with tailored characteristics. Moreover, to characterize physical and chemical properties at the single-nanowire level requires appropriate techniques. In the

• relevant parameters, such as wire diameter, wire density, geometry, material and crystallinity, can be adjusted, allowing systematic studies of finite- and quantum-size effects on wire properties relevant for various technological applications. This paper reviews recent advances in the electrodeposition of

Controlled positioning of nanoparticles on a micrometer scale

• Fabian Enderle,
• Oliver Dubbers,
• Alfred Plettl and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 773–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.86

• in practice such size effects, while not all of them are advantageous for applications. An example for the latter case is provided by magnetic NPs, which for smaller and smaller particle volumes start exhibiting strong directional fluctuations in their magnetization and, thus, render their use for

Focused electron beam induced deposition: A perspective

• Michael Huth,
• Fabrizio Porrati,
• Christian Schwalb,
• Marcel Winhold,
• Roland Sachser,
• Maja Dukic,
• Jonathan Adams and
• Georg Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 597–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.70

• )−1. From this rough estimate, one can directly conclude that quantum size effects due to the discrete energy levels can only become relevant at very low temperatures. The electronic (transport) properties of granular metals depend sensitively on the average tunnel conductance G between neighboring

Substrate-mediated effects in photothermal patterning of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers with microfocused continuous-wave lasers

• Anja Schröter,
• Mark Kalus and
• Nils Hartmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 65–74, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.8

• samples, optical microscopy (BX41TS, Olympus) and AFM (Autoprobe CP from Veeco) were used. AFM images were recorded in contact mode with standard cantilevers. Width measurements were not corrected for tip-size effects and refer to values measured at half depth. Schematic diagram of the process flow: (a

Size-dependent phase diagrams of metallic alloys: A Monte Carlo simulation study on order–disorder transitions in Pt–Rh nanoparticles

• Johan Pohl,
• Christian Stahl and
• Karsten Albe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 1–11, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.1

• phase diagrams for nanoparticles show some features that are different from those in the bulk. These features may be explained in terms of the existence of surfaces and interfaces, and by finite-size effects. The interplay of surface segregation, surface ordering and bulk ordering is crucial. In order

Nanostructured, mesoporous Au/TiO₂ model catalysts – structure, stability and catalytic properties

• Matthias Roos,
• Dominique Böcking,
• Kwabena Offeh Gyimah,
• Gabriela Kucerova,
• Joachim Bansmann,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Nicola Hüsing and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 593–606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.63

• defined, these systems are also more realistic than pure metal substrates in that they include, e.g., particle size effects or effects resulting from the interface between the support and the active material. These model systems differ from realistic catalysts, however, in one important aspect with

Nanoscaled alloy formation from self-assembled elemental Co nanoparticles on top of Pt films

• Luyang Han,
• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Kai Fauth,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 473–485, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.51

• [17] in bulk samples or thin films is generally useful, one has to consider that these values may vary due to size effects in NPs, such as enhanced surface moments. Thus, we restrict ourselves to the direct comparison of annealing effects on Pt(111) and Pt(100) films. On Pt(111), huge orbital moments

Capillary origami: superhydrophobic ribbon surfaces and liquid marbles

• Glen McHale,
• Michael I. Newton,
• Neil J. Shirtcliffe and
• Nicasio R. Geraldi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 145–151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.18

• introduces a characteristic elastocapillary length and results in drop size effects. For a ribbon film substrate, Equation 10 implies wrapping requires the droplet radius R to be greater than a critical radius, Rc, given by, which can be compared to the condition R > LEC/√2 given by Py et al [3]. Thus, there

Manipulation of gold colloidal nanoparticles with atomic force microscopy in dynamic mode: influence of particle–substrate chemistry and morphology, and of operating conditions

• Samer Darwich,
• Karine Mougin,
• Akshata Rao,
• Enrico Gnecco,
• Shrisudersan Jayaraman and
• Hamidou Haidara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 85–98, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.10

• scientifically debatable. The second difficulty is naturally related to the yet insufficiently understood size effects that show up in nanoscale friction and strongly affect the results. In addition, real-time monitoring of the manipulation process is almost impossible. Most of the time, imaging is offline and

Ultrafine metallic Fe nanoparticles: synthesis, structure and magnetism

• Olivier Margeat,
• Marc Respaud,
• Catherine Amiens,
• Pierre Lecante and
• Bruno Chaudret

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 108–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.13

• corresponding to the large hyperfine fields with large isomer shifts are indeed characteristic of surface atoms. Keywords: iron nanoparticles; magnetic properties; organometallic synthesis; size effects; structure; Introduction Progress in both experimental techniques and theoretical calculations over the

Flash laser annealing for controlling size and shape of magnetic alloy nanoparticles

• Damien Alloyeau,
• Christian Ricolleau,
• Cyril Langlois,
• Yann Le Bouar and
• Annick Loiseau

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 55–59, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.7

• reason, single NP analysis techniques are necessary to understand size effects on the NP properties [9][10][11]. In this article, we propose an original route to prepare CoPt bimetallic NPs with uniform size and shape by using nanosecond annealing with pulsed laser radiation at 248 nm. This technique has

Preparation and characterization of supported magnetic nanoparticles prepared by reverse micelles

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Luyang Han,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 24–47, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.5

• diameters with narrow size distributions [44]. Thus, possible size-effects [45], e. g., of the effective magnetic anisotropy, can be investigated. In the literature, the achieved hard magnetic properties of FePt NPs and thin films after annealing vary widely [46], since the structure [47], chemical