Ciprofloxacin-loaded dissolving polymeric microneedles as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections

• Sharif Abdelghany,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Yazan Al Thaher,
• Maram Al Fawares,
• Amal G. Al-Bakri,
• Saja Zuriekat and
• Randa SH. Mansour

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 517–527, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.43

• and skin The analysis of ciprofloxacin was adopted from the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) and was performed using HPLC (Shimadzu HPLC, model LC-2030C PLUS 3D). The system included an integrated solvent and degasser, an analytical pump, a thermostatic autosampler, a UV detector, and a thermostatic

Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis

• Camila Felix Vecchi,
• Rafaela Said dos Santos,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 503–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.42

• alcoholic extracts is inappropriate. Propylene glycol can be used as solvent, extractant, and preservative in a variety of pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food formulations. It is compatible with several cosmetic and pharmaceutical bases, in addition to having an antiseptic capacity similar to that of ethanol

• 0.33 ± 0.01 mm in width of the base. The MNs containing GE were 1.56 ± 0.15 mm in height and 0.30 ± 0.02 mm in width of the base with smaller proportions due to the solvent affecting the formation of structures. There is a decrease of 10% and 22% in MN height, when EE and GE, respectively, are compared

• with the depth of the master mold. This is related to solvent evaporation as described in the literature for other biopolymeric MNs prepared by solvent casting [37][38]. The above sizes allow the MNs to rupture the stratum corneum but not reach the blood vessels, creating ducts that facilitate the flow

The role of sulfonate groups and hydrogen bonding in the proton conductivity of two coordination networks

• Ali Javed,
• Felix Steinke,
• Stephan Wöhlbrandt,
• Hana Bunzen,
• Norbert Stock and
• Michael Tiemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 437–443, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.36

• File 1, Figure S1) and magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2⋅6H2O) or lead acetate hydrate (Pb(OAc)3·H2O), respectively, under solvothermal reaction conditions, employing mixtures of water and ethanol as solvent. In the case of [Mg (H2O)2(H3L)]·H2O, sodium hydroxide was used as an additive [13

Alcohol-perturbed self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein

• Ismael Abu-Baker and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 355–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.30

• of virus particles. The present work focuses on the effect of common alcohols as cosolvents on the TMV-cp assembly from disks to helical rods. Alcohol cosolvents exert a variety of effects on solvent and protein structure. At low concentrations, single alcohol molecules remain dispersed and have a

• eventually, alcohol becomes the bulk phase with small water clusters [34][35]. These changes in solvent structure reduce the solvent permittivity and change solute pKa and hydration number [36][37]. Additionally, alcohol–protein interactions can replace protein–protein interactions, altering the protein

• that the hydrophobic alcohol molecules interact favourably with the hydrophobic regions on the faces of TMV-cp disks, thereby preventing the protein–protein contacts necessary for helical-rod formation and stabilizing the disk structure. Disks stack mainly through a solvent network, rather than direct

Interfacial nanoarchitectonics for ZIF-8 membranes with enhanced gas separation

• Season S. Chen,
• Zhen-Jie Yang,
• Chia-Hao Chang,
• Hoong-Uei Koh,
• Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi,
• Kuo-Lun Tung and
• Kevin C.-W. Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.26

• , the interfacial synthesis method confines the coordination of the MOF to the solvent interface, which ensures good control over MOF nucleation and growth processes [37][38]. Consequently, it is a promising approach to synthesize a defect-free MOF film. In comparison, the counter-diffusion method

• -methylimidazole/1-octanol solution were prepared to optimize the ZIF-8 membrane structure. Since 1-octanol is immiscible with water, ZIF-8 formation can be confined to the interface between water and the organic solvent. Prior to ZIF-8 crystal growth, the pretreated α-Al2O3 disk was immersed into the zinc nitrate

• dispersion, while the counter-diffusion synthesis, using water as the solvent, offered less control over ZIF-8 formation. The film was about 1.5 μm thick, on top of the surface of α-Al2O3 disk rather than embedded into the disk (Figure 7b). Compared to the immiscible solvents in interfacial synthesis, the

Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Nahal Habibi,
• Ava Mauser,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22

• jet to the substrate, the solvent system evaporates, and the resulting particles are deposited on the substrate. To date, SPNPs have displayed a broad spectrum of sizes, swelling factors, elasticities, and mesh sizes [27]. Here, we improve on these recent efforts by elucidating the role of blended

• , NHS-PEG-NHS, was added to the jetting solution at 10% w/wprotein. Application of a bias (voltage) between the needle and collection tray resulted in a field that distorts the solution meniscus into a Taylor cone. The charged solution was accelerated downward to form droplets. Rapid solvent evaporation

• cone, directed to a grounded substrate positioned below the cone. The ejected material dissociated into nanodroplets. After rapid solvent evaporation and solidification of non-volatile components, solid nanoparticles were deposited on the substrate. The reaction between lysine groups and NHS ester

Effects of drug concentration and PLGA addition on the properties of electrospun ampicillin trihydrate-loaded PLA nanofibers

• Tuğba Eren Böncü and
• Nurten Ozdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 245–254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.19

• produce ampicillin trihydrate-loaded poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and PLA/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLA/PLGA) polymeric nanofibers via electrospinning using 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) as the solvent for local application in tissue engineering. The effects of ampicillin trihydrate

• critical component of the bacterial cell walls [9]. 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) was used as solvent in the study. It is preferred due to its sufficiently low surface tension, sufficiently high dielectric constant, and volatility [10]. The aim of this study was to produce and characterize

• focused on drug-free or hydrophilic drug-loaded PLA/PLGA nanofibers produced with different polymers and solvent systems than those in the current study [8][11]. The current study is important since the effects of PLA/PLGA ratios on nanofiber morphology, nanofiber diameter, in vitro drug release, and

Surfactant-free syntheses and pair distribution function analysis of osmium nanoparticles

• Mikkel Juelsholt,
• Jonathan Quinson,
• Emil T. S. Kjær,
• Baiyu Wang,
• Rebecca Pittkowski,
• Susan R. Cooper,
• Tiffany L. Kinnibrugh,
• Søren B. Simonsen,
• Luise Theil Kuhn,
• María Escudero-Escribano and
• Kirsten M. Ø. Jensen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 230–235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.17

• effect of the precursor (OsCl3 or H2OsCl6), precursor concentration (up to 100 mM), solvent (methanol or ethanol), presence or absence of a base (NaOH), and addition of water (0 to 100 vol %) on the resulting nanomaterials is discussed. It is found that no base is required to obtain Os nanoparticles as

• [22]. It only requires a monoalcohol as solvent and reducing agent [25], a base, and a metal precursor to obtain size-controlled NPs [26][27]. This approach leads to catalysts that are more active than those prepared, for example, in polyols [28][29]. Here we investigate whether this simple synthetic

• influence of the precursors: OsCl3 and H2OsCl6, the nature of the solvent/reducing agent: methanol and ethanol, the absence or presence of a base (NaOH), and the effect of adding water at: 0, 10, 25, 50, 66, 75 or 100 vol %. Table S1, Supporting Information File 1, gives an overview of the different

Piezoelectric nanogenerator for bio-mechanical strain measurement

• Zafar Javed,
• Lybah Rafiq,
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer,
• Saqib Siddiqui,
• Muhammad Babar Ramzan,
• Muhammad Qamar Khan and
• Muhammad Salman Naeem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 192–200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.14

• than the nanofibers obtained from 14 wt % solution (Figure 2B) due to incomplete solvent evaporation. The optimum polymer solution concentration is essential to obtain defect-free smooth fibers [14][37]. The nanofibers obtained from 16 wt % solution were smooth and presented a bead-free morphology

• high concentration of polymer solution. During evaporation of the solvent, polymer chains are more likely to form crystalline structures because they are closer together than in the solutions with lower concentration Also, when the polymer amount increases in the solution it increases generation

• capacity [37]. Digital oscilloscope analysis The nanofibrous mesh made from the 16 wt % solution was selected for developing the sensor (Figure 4F). These nanofibers have a smooth and defect-free morphology with highly crystalline regions, which indicate the complete evaporation of the solvent and the

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• linear pathway and then will experience bending instabilities with the elongation of the jet due to the electrostatic repulsion forces. This high frequency bending of the polymer jet and the simultaneous evaporation of the solvent produces the ultrathin solid nanofibers collected on the collector [19

• between the nozzle and the collector is essential to provide the time for the solvent to be evaporated and most notably, for the stretching of the fibers due to columbic forces. If the distance is too short, the polymer jet will not have enough time to stretch, which will produce thicker and wet fibers

• with beads due to the insufficient evaporation of the solvent. If the distance is too high, the weakening of the electrostatic forces hinders the stretching of the polymer yielding thicker fiber diameters [24][25]. Megelski et al. reported bead production in electrospun PS fibers when the nozzle to

A photonic crystal material for the online detection of nonpolar hydrocarbon vapors

• Evgenii S. Bolshakov,
• Aleksander V. Ivanov,
• Andrei A. Kozlov,
• Anton S. Aksenov,
• Elena V. Isanbaeva,
• Sergei E. Kushnir,
• Aleksei D. Yapryntsev,
• Aleksander E. Baranchikov and
• Yury A. Zolotov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 127–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.9

• sensors with a visual recording of analysis results. Kinetics of interaction between the sensor and solvent vapors Of interest is the use of a 3D PhC-based sensor for online measurements of the concentration of nonpolar solvents and their vapors. Exposure to saturated solvent vapors allows the analyte to

• chlorobenzene [41]. Therefore, the main factor can be considered the affinity of solvents to PDMS, namely the polarity and rate of diffusion of the solvent through the matrix. In addition, the polydimethylsiloxane matrix protects the polystyrene CCA from the effects of high concentrations of hydrocarbons, thus

• application of polydimethylsiloxane. In some experiments, it was possible to detect toluene vapors with a concentration of ca. 0.3 mg/m3 using a sensor with a sensitive layer thickness about 20 μm. Effects of organic solvent mixtures on the sensor Of particular interest is the detection of analytes in complex

Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Rouhollah Khodadust,
• Ozlem Unal and
• Havva Yagci Acar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 82–95, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.6

• the backbone, acidification of amines, hydrogen bonding, exciplex formation, amine oxidation, and solvent-induced aggregation were reported as factors that amplify the weak luminescence of PEI and amine-containing dendrimers [15][16][17][18][20][24]. The luminescence of these materials is especially

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• metallic or ceramic targets over a host liquid substrate that sustains low pressures (typically in the range between 10−4 to 10−3 and 1–10 Pa). Because (i) the target material has a high purity and (ii) the host liquid plays the role of solvent and protective agent for growing NPs, the approach got a

• the main feature of the SoL approach: It is the combination of a plasma-based technique and colloidal synthesis. Therefore, researchers from both communities are involved and physicists quite often do not pay enough attention to the solvent properties, while chemists may have little or no knowledge of

• solvent contamination [16]. However, the production rate is relatively low, and the cost of production is very high, mainly due to the massive waste produced during the synthesis [22]. A further drawback is the large consumption of energy to maintain the required pressure and temperature conditions used

Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte

• Ashish Gupta,
• Amrita Jain,
• Manju Kumari and
• Santosh K. Tripathi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92

• . Experimental Materials The ionic liquid [BDiMIM][Cl], host polymer PVdF-HFP with an average molecular weight of 400000 (MW), and salt magnesium per chlorate Mg(ClO4)2 were all obtained from Sigma Aldrich, Germany. The plasticizer propylene carbonate was purchased from Loba Chemie, and the solvent acetonitrile

• concentrations of the salt Mg(ClO4)2 were dissolved in the plasticizer PC. Different weight percentages of PVdF-HFP and ionic liquid were separately dissolved in a common solvent (i.e., ACN). The optimized solution of the liquid electrolyte was then mixed with the polymer/ionic liquid solution in different

A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications

• Ruifei Wang,
• Jin Chai,
• Bobo Luo,
• Xiong Liu,
• Jianting Zhang,
• Min Wu,
• Mingdan Wei and
• Zhuanyue Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91

• density on the distribution of the electrostatic potential within the EDL, many previous studies have investigated how the surface charge density can affect the solvent hydrodynamic slippage on solid surfaces. It was demonstrated by many researches that when the surface charge density increases, the slip

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• starts drying, evaporation of the solvent causes voids and helps in generating clusters of the solute on the substrate. For smaller pockets of the fluid, which can be regarded as droplets, variation in surface tension or temperature at different interfaces predominantly causes either a surface tension

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

• Maximilian Joschko,
• Franck Yvan Fotue Wafo,
• Christina Malsi,
• Danilo Kisić,
• Ivana Validžić and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1021–1033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.76

• with ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol as solvent [29][30]. The authors reasoned the cleavage at the particle tips by weak van der Waals forces between (Sb4S6)n chains, of which the particles consisted, or by strongly bound ligands interfering with the crystal growth, respectively. However, as

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• cycles at 167 mA·g−1 current density. While CS2 is the most efficient solvent for sulfur, it is also an extremely reactive and hazardous solvent. Therefore, more benign solution methods for the synthesis of S NPs and sols are sought. In fact, such methods have been known for more than a hundred years now

• and can be distinguished in aqueous and organic solvent routes [57]. The so-called Weimarn sols are produced by dissolution of sulfur powder in ethanol or acetone-based solutions and the subsequent precipitation of sub-micrometer-size particles in water [57]. The so-called Raffo sols are obtained by a

• research. Qu et al. [60] precipitated 15 nm sized S NPs on V2O5 by acid hydrolysis of Na2S2O3. After encapsulation with graphene sheets the cathode had a discharge capacity of 215 mAh·g−1 at 2C after 2000 cycles. In another chemical method, S NPs were precipitated on rGO from a deep eutectic solvent

Molecular assemblies on surfaces: towards physical and electronic decoupling of organic molecules

• Sabine Maier and
• Meike Stöhr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 950–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.71

• ligands attached to the metal center of the porphyrin were observed regardless of the type of surface (highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and Au surfaces were used), solvent (1-phenyloctane and n-tetradecane) and tip material (Pt/Ir, Au, and W), which indicates that the ligands have to be decoupled

Self-assembly of Eucalyptus gunnii wax tubules and pure ß-diketone on HOPG and glass

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 939–949, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.70

• specimens with recrystallized structures of wax and ß-diketone were prepared for SEM (Gemini Supra 40VP, Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) three days after the evaporation of the solvent. They were fixed on aluminum stubs (Plano, Wetzlar, Germany) with double-sided adhesive tape (Double-sided Tape Universal, Tesa

• solvent and were done in tapping mode with tapping-mode cantilevers (Tap300-G, Budget Sensors, Sofia, Bulgaria). The scan rates ranged from 0.7 to 2.3 Hz and the scan sizes from 3 × 3 to 10 × 10 µm. The maximum possible set point was used (approx. 60–70% of drive amplitude). Obtained topography and

• on the top of them were detected. AFM investigation of wax and ß-diketone recrystallization Recrystallization of wax and pure ß-diketone was investigated by AFM. The measurements started 6 to 14 min after the evaporation of the solvent and continued for 1 to 23 h. Recrystallization on HOPG The first

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• during preparation, and require no further purification, which gives them properties of a green solvent [25]. However, DESs share remarkable features with RTILs such as low vapor pressure, high tolerance to humidity, and high thermostability. The term “deep eutectic solvent” was first coined by Abbott in

• the year 2003 [26]. The first work on using DESs as a solvent in synthesizing anisotropic gold nanoparticles was reported in 2008 [27]. The synthesis involved no surfactant or seed in the reaction mixture. Later on, several studies were carried out to synthesize nanomaterials using DESs that embrace

• the principles of green chemistry. Despite extensive studies for more than a decade, DESs as solvents for nanomaterial synthesis yet awaits exploration regarding biological applications. In an interesting recently published work, a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) has been used to extract metal

Modification of a SERS-active Ag surface to promote adsorption of charged analytes: effect of Cu²⁺ ions

• Bahdan V. Ranishenka,
• Andrei Yu. Panarin,
• Irina A. Chelnokova,
• Sergei N. Terekhov,
• Peter Mojzes and
• Vadim V. Shmanai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 902–912, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.67

• were analyzed from SEM and TEM images. To achieve a better resolution during SEM, we utilized a conductive silicon support and excluded the metal coating of the sample; Ag NPs were placed on the silicon surface by adsorptive immobilization to avoid aggregation during solvent evaporation. Figure 1 shows

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

• temperature, pH, enzyme, redox potential, ionic strength, or solvent composition of the media. Other stimuli are external, such as heat, light, electric field, magnetic field, or ultrasound (US) [5][6][7]. Designing such single, dual, or multi-stimulus-responsive smart delivery vehicles provides an

Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions

• Barbara Pem,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Rinea Barbir,
• Vedran Micek,
• Raluca M. Fratila,
• Jesus M. de la Fuente and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53

• three. The proton at position six overlapped with the solvent signal and thus is not shown. The peaks were assigned according to AIST Spectral Database for Organic Compounds [55]. Then, a 5 mM solution of AgNO3 was added and the mixture was left to react for 2 h. During that time, the solution became

• , PaloAlto, CA, USA) operating at 399.6 MHz. The chemical shifts were expressed in parts per million (ppm), referenced to the residual water signal. All spectra were recorded at 25 °C. The signal of the solvent was suppressed by using the PRESAT pulse sequence, available in the VnmrJ (4.2A) software. TEM

High-yield synthesis of silver nanowires for transparent conducting PET films

• Gul Naz,
• Hafsa Asghar,
• Muhammad Ramzan,
• Muhammad Arshad,
• Rashid Ahmed,
• Muhammad Bilal Tahir,
• Bakhtiar Ul Haq,
• Nadeem Baig and
• Junaid Jalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 624–632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.51

• ethanol, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All of them were of analytical grade and were used as purchased without any purification. Ethylene glycol (EG) was used as a solvent in the reactions. Preparation of silver nanowires For synthesizing silver nanowires (AgNWs) with high aspect ratio and controlled

• diameter, ethylene glycol (EG) was used as a solvent and also acted as a reducer. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) was used as source of silver. The stabilizer used in the reaction was PVP, which also acted as a capping agent. In addition to stabilizing and capping, PVP also prevented the agglomeration of silver

• ratio of 1:4 caused uniform and impurity-free growth of AgNWs. Usually, special attempts are taken to purify the nanowires [39], but in our case no additional steps were required to purify the as-synthesized AgNWs. The solvent plays a vital role in assembling the AgNWs [54]. It is found that the