Beam shaping techniques for pulsed laser ablation in liquids: Unlocking tunable control of nanoparticle synthesis in liquids

• Sergio Molina-Prados,
• Nadezhda M. Bulgakova,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov,
• Jesus Lancis,
• Gladys Mínguez Vega and
• Carlos Doñate-Buendia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 309–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.22

• highlighted, offering a comprehensive perspective on the future of this dynamic field. Keywords: green nanoparticles synthesis; PLAL; production upscale; pulsed laser ablation in liquids; size control; spatial beam shaping; temporal beam shaping; Review Introduction Pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL

• involves controlling the spatial and temporal profiles of the laser beam. Spatial beam shaping allows for fine adjustment of energy distribution on the target, influencing ablation efficiency and NP uniformity. Figure 3 provides an overview of representative approaches and the corresponding beam profiles

• the potential to provide enhanced control over laser–matter interactions, facilitating more precise NP synthesis. Advanced spatial beam shaping in PLAL The role of spatial beam shaping in PLAL The spatial profile of the laser beam plays a pivotal role in influencing all stages of the PLAL process. It

Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams

• Abdel Rahman Altakroury,
• Oleksandr Gatsa,
• Farbod Riahi,
• Zongwen Fu,
• Miroslava Flimelová,
• Andrei Samokhvalov,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31

• cases, the spatial profile of the laser beam employed was Gaussian. Here we propose to apply a novel approach of spatial beam shaping to modify the NP size distribution obtained by PLAL using a donut-shaped spatial beam profile. Donut-shaped laser beams, with and without orbital angular momentum, have