Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• light scattering, and infrared spectroscopy. We probed particles adsorbed on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy, both operated under variable air humidity. For AFM, we additionally tested hydrophilic and

• transmission of airborne viruses, such as influenza. Keywords: AFM; humidity; hydrophilicity; hydrophobicity; nanoparticles; sum frequency generation spectroscopy; viruses; water; wetting; Introduction Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been a staple in biomedical and biophysical research [1][2] for almost a

• inorganic surfaces, usually modified with organic layers, and probed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). For VSFG and AFM, we systematically varied the relative air humidity (RH). DLS and ZP yield particle size

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• isolated locations is, however, limited by factors such as harsh climatic conditions, logistical challenges, and the need for expert analytical techniques like microscopy and spectroscopy. The present review considers sources, pathways, and ecological impacts of microplastics in Himalayan lakes compared to

• understanding the full contamination profile in remote ecosystems [33]. An overview of MP sampling and analysis methods is given in Figure 3. 4.2 Analytical techniques for microplastic characterization 4.2.1 Spectroscopy. One of the key methods of analyzing MPs is spectroscopy. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR

• ) spectroscopy is used regularly to identify the chemical structure of MPs [34]. One of the most important developments for nanoplastic detection in complex environmental matrices is micro-FTIR to analyze particles smaller than 10 µm [35]. Raman spectroscopy improves on FTIR by using higher resolution and the

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• ), followed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis. The relative composition of fatty acids is presented in Table 1, and the corresponding chromatogram is provided in Figure S1 (Supporting Information File 1). The major constituents identified in OPS were linoleic acid (64.69

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• necessary to reach separation is an important point. We have employed the two enantiomers of a chiral, nitroxide-based spin probe as guests in organo-modified macroporous host materials and applied ESR spectroscopy as a tool to investigate their rotational mobility. Using a well-established and commercially

• chemistry; ESR spectroscopy; organic inorganic hybrids; porous materials; Introduction Chiral materials represent an evolving research field that focuses on materials whose structures lack mirror symmetry [1][2][3]. The materials exhibit chirality, and a good overview of important developments was given by

• measurements more difficult. There are other valuable methods for investigating transport in porous media such as gas-adsorption methods, X-ray tomography [24][25], neutron imaging techniques [26][27], optical imaging techniques [27][28], or impedance spectroscopy [29][30]. For all of them, it is difficult to

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• -sectional imaging, and attenuated total reflectance with Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy provided compelling evidence for the successful formation of the intended core–shell structure. The resulting nanofibers exhibited surface hydrophobicity, suggesting potential for anti-adhesive

• to increased water ingress through the pores, facilitating access to the core [58]. This possibility is also described by Wang and Xu (2018), who successfully prepared tea polyphenol-loaded porous core–shell fibers by controlling coaxial electrospinning parameters [56]. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy has been

• acid and β-caryophyllene. The application of coaxial electrospinning allowed the formation of well-defined core–shell structures, as confirmed by morphological, spectroscopic, and thermal analyses. Efficient core encapsulation was evidenced by confocal microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and selective core

The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material

• Emilie Duthoo,
• Aurélie Lambert,
• Pierre Becker,
• Carla Pugliese,
• Jean-Marc Baele,
• Arnaud Delfairière,
• Matthew J. Harrington and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138

• composition of cement cell granules, we used energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) coupled with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Elemental composition was measured on four secretory granules of both types of cement cells in the parathoracic part of worms embedded in Spurr resin (TEM blocks). Using the

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis

• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Franciszek Krok and
• Iwona B. Szymańska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135

• new metal-organic precursors, in the form of supported thick layers, to the ion beam irradiation is studied through analysis of the chemical composition and morphology of the resulting structures. This is done using SEM backscattered electron/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy along with machine

• -dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX); focused ion beam (FIB); focused ion beam-induced deposition (FIBID); machine learning; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); Introduction A variety of nanomanufacturing techniques, such as optical and electron-beam lithography, nanoimprint lithography, atomic layer

• adsorbed on the surface, such as electron-stimulated desorption, high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy, and focused electron beam secondary ion mass spectrometry [5]. To characterize compounds in terms of their applicability in the FIBID process, comparisons are made with the FEBID process, and

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• analyzed by high-field 1H NMR spectroscopy and diffusion-filter techniques. The ALC-0159 PEG lipid consists of a PEG2k chain conjugated to a C14–C14 dialkyl glycerol anchor. The surface PEG chain density was estimated at 27.3 PEG chains per 100 nm2 according to the average LNP diameter of 77 nm; this

Low-temperature AFM with a microwave cavity optomechanical transducer

• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• August K. Roos,
• Erik Holmgren,
• Riccardo Borgani,
• Mats O. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.130

• experiment, components after the cavity in the measurement chain introduce additional imprecision noise, expressed as an added number of noise photons nadd: The added noise in our setup (Figure 1d) is determined by the cryogenic low-noise amplifier (LNA) mounted at the 4 K stage. We use Planck spectroscopy

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• concentration environment exhibited the highest fluorescence, though more detailed investigation using methods such as attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy or circular dichroism (CD) will be necessary to confirm an elevated β-sheet content in these fibrils. A similar

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• investigation of antimicrobial activity against these microorganisms indicates the potential dental applications of green-synthesized metallic nanoparticles. To characterize the green-synthesized metallic nanoparticles, the selected studies used mainly Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, 36.73%; n

• = 36), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis, 34.69%; n = 35), and X-ray diffraction (XRD, 25.48%; n = 27). They are among the most commonly used techniques for the characterization of metallic nanoparticles synthesized via green routes due to their complementary abilities to elucidate key

• structural, optical, and chemical properties. FTIR enables the identification of functional groups involved in the reduction and stabilization of nanoparticles, typically derived from phytochemicals in plant extracts used as reducing agents [52][56]. UV–vis spectroscopy is widely employed to monitor

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• . also confirmed that the reaction mechanisms of MPs and graphene oxide–chitosan sponges were electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and π–π interactions through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements [69]. Integrating different types of

Further insights into the thermodynamics of linear carbon chains for temperatures ranging from 13 to 300 K

• Alexandre Rocha Paschoal,
• Thiago Alves de Moura,
• Juan S. Rodríguez-Hernández,
• Carlos William de Araujo Paschoal,
• Yoong Ahm Kim,
• Morinobu Endo and
• Paulo T. Araujo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.125

• parameter; linear carbon chains; Raman spectroscopy; Introduction Phonons, their mutual interactions (ph–ph interactions), and their interactions with electrons (e–ph interactions) play fundamental roles in how materials respond to electric (e.g., difference of potentials), thermal (e.g., temperature

• associated with the values of γP and . Conclusion In summary, this paper investigates the thermodynamic properties of isolated and small bundles of LCC@MWCNT via Raman spectroscopy by tracking the C-band frequencies ωLCC of LCC in the range of temperatures of 13 < T < 300 K. These range of temperatures

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• of GO and PI. Elemental and structural changes induced by implantation were analyzed using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, elastic recoil detection analysis, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Surface morphology was assessed via

• detection analysis (ERDA). The other analytical methods used were Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrical properties were investigated by the two-point method. The photocatalytic properties were tested in a dark chamber by

• detected profile. Surface chemical analysis by XPS Chemical groups and the concentration of chemical elements on the surfaces of GO and PI before and after 20 keV and 1.5 MeV Ag ion implantation were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS method specifically provides information from a

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• , Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden 10.3762/bjnano.16.118 Abstract Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) has emerged as an important technique for investigating surface and interface chemistry under realistic conditions, overcoming the limitations of conventional XPS

• ; batteries; catalysis; corrosion; Review Ambient pressure XPS Electron spectroscopy has significantly contributed to the understanding of chemical and physical processes that govern the complex interactions between a solid surface and its environment. These processes play crucial roles in phenomena such as

• spectroscopy (XPS) is a powerful surface science technique that enables the investigation of modifications in the chemical environment of a sample surface and its electronic states, owing to its exceptional surface sensitivity. However, the requirement for ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions previously limited

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• scattering (DLS), and UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy were used for characterization. The nanoparticles showed increased cellular uptake compared to free PD-L1, suppression of the NF-κB pathway as indicated by reduced PHO-P65 protein expression, and enhanced tumor inhibition due to immune activation and

• cell cycle arrest, regulate oxidative stress, enhance metabolic reprogramming, inhibit invasion and metastasis, and modulate immunity and inflammation [129]. The developed nanoparticles underwent physicochemical characterization by SEM, UV–vis spectroscopy, and encapsulation testing, in which the

• ]. The formulation includes temperature-responsive and non-temperature-responsive amphiphilic molecules (weight ratio of 7:3). UV–vis spectroscopy, TEM, and DLS experiments demonstrated that administration of 14.37 mg·kg−1 of the nanoparticles inhibited lung adenocarcinoma proliferation and migration

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• spectroscopy, visual inspection, and thermal analysis. Among these, visual methods offer speed and simplicity; however, they often rely on personal judgment and are generally limited to the detection of larger particles [131]. Thermal analysis methods like thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning

• calorimetry, pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and thermal extraction desorption gas chromatography are useful in identifying the chemical composition of MPs but are destructive analytical techniques [132][133]. Spectroscopic analysis like Raman spectroscopy often suffers from a poor signal-to

• electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and terahertz time domain spectroscopy. These modern approaches enhance both accuracy and efficiency of detection compared to conventional methods. Nonetheless, they often involve complex sample preparation steps, which may result in

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• diffractometer (Rigaku Corporation) with Cu Kα radiation, operating at 40 kV and 35 mA. Raman spectra were obtained using an Alpha300R UV system (WITec, Germany) equipped with a TEM00 laser at a wavelength of 532 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterizations were conducted using a Kratos AXIS

• –vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-3150, Shimadzu, Japan). The concentration of OFL was determined using a Nexera LC-40D XR ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system (SHIMADZU, Japan). A Pyris 1 TGA instrument (USA) was used to carry out the thermogravimetric (TG) investigations

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies, and the correlation of the NP properties with the laser beam profile was studied. Three different beam profiles were selected, namely, a Bessel beam produced using an axicon, an

• structure of the formed NPs were analyzed by means of ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. Particle size and morphology

• of ethanol decomposition or ethanol molecules. In [10], this mechanism has been supported by the results of optical emission spectroscopy of the generated plasma, which showed the presence of silicon species, including atomic (390.55 nm) and ionic (385.61, 413.10, and 505.61 nm) lines, as well as

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• spectroscopy was specifically used to confirm the Diels–Alder reaction on the surface of CNTs, and other characterization techniques (SEM, EDX, XRD, TGA, and FTIR) were applied to confirm the successive growth of the dendrimers. Highly dendrimerized CNTs were found to be more effective in removing heavy metal

• (Scheme 1). This first step is crucial to ensure a high growth rate of dendrimers in subsequent steps by the repeated reaction of MA and ethylene diamine (EDA). We have characterized the CNTs-MA material by Raman spectroscopy to find the degree of functionalization, and the results are depicted in Figure

• functionalization process did not alter the intrinsic structure of the materials as the peak profile of all the samples is similar to that of bare CNTs. Moreover, the absence of any extra peaks further confirms that the washing process has effectively removed the residual substrates and DES. FTIR spectroscopy has

Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

• using UV–vis spectroscopy. Following the CuAAC reaction with Cy5-azide, we immediately see a visible change in the color of the IONPs from brown to deep blue-green (Figure 3B, inset). The UV–vis spectrum of the IONP-PPA CuAAC product (Figure 3B.i) shows two broad peaks at ≈610 and 650 nm, which

• should be detectable directly by UV–vis spectroscopy. Unfortunately, we could not detect binding with any of these dyes (results not shown). All three dyes showed relatively low aqueous solubility, and have their primary amine attached directly to an aromatic ring structure, which may contribute to both

• Information File 1, Figure S3) [64]. To assess any cross-reactivity in the thiol–maleimide Michael addition reaction, we utilized Cy3-maleimide, and relied on UV–vis spectroscopy to detect the binding of Cy3. When reacted with Cy3-maleimide, the IONP-CySH product was noticeably red (Figure 9A, inset

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates, and solar cells. In this review article, we describe different methods of nanocolloidal synthesis using laser-assisted processes and corresponding thin film fabrication methods, particularly those utilized for device fabrication and characterization. The four

• ; nanocolloids to thin films; photocatalysis; photovoltaics and photodetection; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS); Review 1 Introduction This section provides a brief introduction to the fundamental laser processing techniques used in liquids, including ablation, fragmentation, melting, irradiation; it

• . Pulsed laser processing in liquids offers a unique advantage by producing surfactant-free nanocolloids, which can be directly used for the fabrication of thin film devices such as photodiodes, photovoltaics (PV), photocatalysts, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensors, electrochemical sensors

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• ± 20 nm) for various periods of time up to 72 h. The growth mechanism was investigated through ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy analyses, confirming the gradual transformation of spherical seeds into

• samples. It can thus be concluded that 72 h is the optimal duration for the transformation of AgNPs into AgNPrs using green LED irradiation, aligning well with the UV–vis spectroscopy results. TEM images of the samples at a magnification of 50,000 after 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of LED irradiation are shown

• , 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. During the irradiation process, the color of the solution gradually shifted from pale yellow to green and eventually to blue. Characterization The optical properties of the samples were characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy (Jasco V-670) with a scanning range from 900 to 200

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• complete as intended and these electrodes were discarded. A thin layer of copper deposition on the exposed platinum nanowire tip was further examined using SEM imaging and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) elemental composition analysis. Figure 2b presents an SEM image of the copper-coated