Graphene-enhanced plasmonic nanohole arrays for environmental sensing in aqueous samples

• Christa Genslein,
• Peter Hausler,
• Eva-Maria Kirchner,
• Rudolf Bierl,
• Antje J. Baeumner and
• Thomas Hirsch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1564–1573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.150

• the fabrication of the plasmon–graphene hybrids, the nanostructured substrates were functionalized with rGO via spin coating. The resulting two-dimensional graphene nanomaterial was characterized using Raman microscopy (Figure 5). Reduced graphene oxide is identified by the three distinct Raman bands

• of the nanohole array with rGO. Deviations in the Raman intensity can be ascribed to inhomogeneous multilayers, which is due to the spin coating process. The presence of localized surface plasmons was demonstrated by analysing the resonance curves before and after functionalization with rGO (Table 1

• lithography was demonstrated to be a versatile technique for the fabrication of size-tailored nanohole arrays on a large scale for plasmonic enhancement in angular-dependent surface plasmon resonance with a constant wavelength setting. Plasmon–graphene hybrids were fabricated by spin-coating of the carbon

Polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers as templates for stacked, spherical large-mesopore silica coatings: dependence of silica pore size on the PS/PEO ratio

• Roberto Nisticò,
• Giuliana Magnacca,
• Sushilkumar A. Jadhav and
• Dominique Scalarone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1454–1460, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.137

• copolymer films obtained by spin-coating deposition of block copolymer micellar solutions were transformed into silica nanoporous thin layers by thermal treatment performed in air. This way, the organic templating species (i.e., block copolymers) were degraded and removed, leaving voids which formed the

• cm × 15 mm, at 1000 rpm for 20 s, using an 8” Desktop Precision Spin Coating System, model P-6708D vs. 2.0. After deposition, the films were dried in a hood at rt for at least 12 h in order to reach complete evaporation of solvents. Hybrid films were then transformed into silica nanostructured thin

• , membrane technology, drug delivery, dosing, adsorption, sensing, among many others [1][2][3][4][5]. Different approaches have been applied in order to obtain porous materials characterized by a controlled porous architecture. A sol–gel process, carried out in combination with a templating method and spin

Dealloying of gold–copper alloy nanowires: From hillocks to ring-shaped nanopores

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Cyril Delacôte,
• Mohammed Boujtita,
• Benoit Angleraud,
• Junjun Ding,
• Chang-Hwan Choi,
• Pierre-Yves Tessier and
• Abdel-Aziz El Mel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1361–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.127

• of metal nanowires (Figure 1a). We show how controlling accurately the growth of such defects can be of real benefit for engineering the surface of nanowires. At first, a photoresist film is deposited by spin coating on a silicon substrate and then patterned using laser interference lithography

Viability and proliferation of endothelial cells upon exposure to GaN nanoparticles

• Tudor Braniste,
• Ion Tiginyanu,
• Tibor Horvath,
• Simion Raevschi,
• Serghei Cebotari,
• Marco Lux,
• Axel Haverich and
• Andres Hilfiker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1330–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.124

• fixation process. Rema®Sil components A and B were mixed 1:1 and the mixture was spread evenly on glass coverslips by spin coating at 300g. Immediately after coating, nanoparticles suspended in deionized water were added on top of the silicone-covered coverslips. The coated coverslips were dried for 24 h

Manufacturing and investigation of physical properties of polyacrylonitrile nanofibre composites with SiO₂, TiO₂ and Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles

• Tomasz Tański,
• Wiktor Matysiak and
• Barbara Hajduk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1141–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.106

• , the most frequently used method for the preparation of polymer thin layers is the method of spin-coating, which uses centrifugal force to evenly distribute the polymer solution or melt on the selected substrate. In recent years can be observed a significant increase of interest of composite nanofibres

Role of solvents in the electronic transport properties of single-molecule junctions

• Katharina Luka-Guth,
• Sebastian Hambsch,
• Andreas Bloch,
• Philipp Ehrenreich,
• Bernd Michael Briechle,
• Filip Kilibarda,
• Torsten Sendler,
• Dmytro Sysoiev,
• Thomas Huhn,
• Artur Erbe and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1055–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.99

• sodium/potassium alloy under inert gas atmosphere. TCB was dried over P4O10 and distilled under nitrogen inert gas atmosphere. Device fabrication As described in [11] the spin-coating of polyimide (2 μm in thickness) is performed on a softly polished bronze wafer (200 μm in thickness), and then the wafer

• generator (Raith Elphy Quantum), a double layer of electron-beam resists (MMA-MAA/PMMA) is deposited by spin-coating on the wafer to a thickness of about 600 nm (MMA-MAA) and about 100 nm (PMMA) and baked on a hot plate (130 °C for 5 min). After electron beam writing and developing in MIBK:IPA (1:3) and

Efficient electron-induced removal of oxalate ions and formation of copper nanoparticles from copper(II) oxalate precursor layers

• Kai Rückriem,
• Sarah Grotheer,
• Henning Vieker,
• Paul Penner,
• André Beyer,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 852–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.77

• preparation by drying solutions at a surface usually does not yield a layer with homogeneous thickness but rather aggregates of small crystallites [12][13]. In contrast, when polymer matrices deposited by spin-coating and containing ionic Au were irradiated [14][15], the NP size could be tuned by controlling

Direct formation of gold nanorods on surfaces using polymer-immobilised gold seeds

• Majid K. Abyaneh,
• Pietro Parisse and
• Loredana Casalis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 809–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.72

• solutions were deposited on substrates (silicon wafers, glass or Si3N4 membranes) through spin-coating. Finally, these films were kept under a DC deuterium 30 W UV lamp for 24 h. The UV lamp is operated at 310 mA and 72 V. A UV-enhanced aluminium flat mirror from Thorlabs Inc. was used to divert the UV beam

High-resolution noncontact AFM and Kelvin probe force microscopy investigations of self-assembled photovoltaic donor–acceptor dyads

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Pierre-Olivier Schwartz,
• Laure Biniek,
• Martin Brinkmann,
• Nicolas Leclerc,
• Elena Zaborova and
• Stéphane Méry

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 799–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.71

• ± 5 nm thick, determined from intermittent-contact AFM measurements, not shown) were deposited from toluene solutions (10 mg/mL) via spin-coating on indium–tin–oxide (ITO) functionalized with PEDOT:PSS (thickness 40 ± 5 nm). In this study, PEDOT:PSS was primarily used to reduce the roughness of the

Assembling semiconducting molecules by covalent attachment to a lamellar crystalline polymer substrate

• Rainhard Machatschek,
• Patrick Ortmann,
• Renate Reiter,
• Stefan Mecking and
• Günter Reiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 784–798, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.70

• strategies for assembling these molecules into functional devices are often less sophisticated compared to the concepts applied for their synthesis. As a rapid and facile technique, spin coating is frequently the method of choice to integrate semiconducting molecules into devices. Yet, effects like

Thermo-voltage measurements of atomic contacts at low temperature

• Ayelet Ofarim,
• Bastian Kopp,
• Thomas Möller,
• León Martin,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 767–775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.68

• . surface roughness of 1 µm it was necessary to polish the substrate before spin-coating a thin layer (2–3 µm) of polyimide which enhances the planarization of the substrate. Furthermore, the layer serves as a sacrificial layer to be etched in order to create a freestanding Au bridge of approximately 2 µm

Microwave solvothermal synthesis and characterization of manganese-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Roman Mukhovskyi,
• Elzbieta Pietrzykowska,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Jan Mizeracki and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 721–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.64

• ], combustion [52], sol–gel [7][31][33][53][54], spin coating [19][20], pulsed laser deposition [26], reactions in the solid state [35][55], thermal evaporation [56], and thermal evaporation vapour-phase deposition [30]. However, two of the most promising methods, which are still being developed are

Characterization of spherical domains at the polystyrene thin film–water interface

• Khurshid Ahmad,
• Xuezeng Zhao,
• Yunlu Pan and
• Danish Hussain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.51

• have been used to produce such films. Polystyrene (PS) is one of the most widely used materials for the preparation of thin films. Thin PS films have been prepared by spin coating [11][12][13][14][15]. So far, these films have been used in different studies related to surface and interface science, for

Bacteriorhodopsin–ZnO hybrid as a potential sensing element for low-temperature detection of ethanol vapour

• Saurav Kumar,
• Sudeshna Bagchi,
• Senthil Prasad,
• Anupma Sharma,
• Ritesh Kumar,
• Rishemjit Kaur,
• Jagvir Singh and
• Amol P. Bhondekar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 501–510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.44

• dissolved in 20 mL of propanol. This solution was stirred at 40–60 °C for 5–10 min. Then, monoethanolamine (0.1 M) was poured drop-by-drop into the solution. A clear transparent solution so obtained was stirred at 500 rpm for 2 h. This solution was kept in dark for the next 12 h and used for coating. Spin

• coating (Millman, single-stage coating unit) was performed at 3000 rpm for 20 s to obtain a thin film of ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO nanorod (ZnO-NR) synthesis ZnO-NRs were grown on the ZnO-TF substrate by the hydrothermal method [36][83]. Zinc nitrate hexahydrate (0.2 M) was used as a precursor salt and was

Functional fusion of living systems with synthetic electrode interfaces

• Oskar Staufer,
• Sebastian Weber,
• C. Peter Bengtson,
• Hilmar Bading,
• Joachim P. Spatz and
• Amin Rustom

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 296–301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.27

• attached to the surface with a conductive silver lacquer. An isolating, PC layer was applied by spin coating at 1500 rpm (Figure 1a, 5). Finally, the surfaces were etched with 2 N NaOH for 12 min at 70 °C in order to selectively expose the electrode tips (Figure 1a, 6). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM

• layer of PC via spin-coating (a, 5). Brief etching with NaOH finally exposes the electrode tips (a, 6). (b) Ultrastructural analysis of NEIs. A photograph of a final NEI including the attached Al contacts is shown in (b, 1). SEM analysis of the respective surfaces shows that the 1.57 cm2 deposited area

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

Counterion effects on nano-confined metal–drug–DNA complexes

• Nupur Biswas,
• Sreeja Chakraborty,
• Alokmay Datta,
• Munna Sarkar,
• Mrinmay K. Mukhopadhyay,
• Mrinal K. Bera and
• Hideki Seto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 62–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.7

• by spin-coating the solution on amorphous fused quartz substrates at ambient condition using a spin-coater (Headway Research Inc., USA). Before spin-coating the fused quartz (Alfa Aesar, USA) substrates were cleaned and hydrophilized by boiling in 5:1:1 H2O/H2O2/NH4OH solution for 10 min, followed by

Silica-coated upconversion lanthanide nanoparticles: The effect of crystal design on morphology, structure and optical properties

• Uliana Kostiv,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Hana Macková,
• Alexander Zhigunov,
• Hana Engstová,
• Katarína Smolková,
• Petr Ježek and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2290–2299, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.235

• laser (Coherent; Santa Clara, CA, USA) at 980 nm excitation. The nanoparticle (0.01 g) dispersion in hexane was placed on a cover glass using a spin coating technique. Results and Discussion To prepare NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticles with a hexagonal unit cell, lanthanide trifluoroacetates were decomposed

Nanoscale rippling on polymer surfaces induced by AFM manipulation

• Mario D’Acunto,
• Franco Dinelli and
• Pasqualantonio Pingue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2278–2289, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.234

• interpretation of the data more complicated. Presence of solvents: As it is widely known, polymers dissolve in solvents with similar chemo-physical properties. This is why they can be easily molded in a variety of shapes including thin films, by means of spin coating or drop casting. The relative presence of

• ’ after the spin coating deposition step. In this way, part of the solvent remains trapped in the polymeric thin film and the specific patterning procedure employed leads to the production of well-ordered ripple structures. Temperature dependence: The temperature (T) dependence of nanorippling can be

Influence of wide band gap oxide substrates on the photoelectrochemical properties and structural disorder of CdS nanoparticles grown by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method

• Mikalai V. Malashchonak,
• Alexander V. Mazanik,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Еugene А. Streltsov and
• Anatoly I. Kulak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2252–2262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.231

• titanium, respectively. Mesoporous In2O3 films were prepared by spin coating of an indium hydroxide colloidal solution with subsequent heat treatment [36]. A stable indium hydroxide sol was prepared by hydrolysis of a 0.25 mol/L In(NO3)3 solution with aqueous ammonia (12%) under vigorous stirring at 0 °C

• (with average molecular mass of 12500 g/mol) in a ratio of 5 g of polymer per 50 mL of sol. ITO substrates were degreased and thoroughly washed in the boiling mixture of H2O2 and NH3 followed by spin coating with the obtained In(OH)3 sol at 3000 rpm for 30 s and heat treatment for 1 h at 400 °C in air

Selective porous gates made from colloidal silica nanoparticles

• Roberto Nisticò,
• Paola Avetta,
• Paola Calza,
• Debora Fabbri,
• Giuliana Magnacca and
• Dominique Scalarone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2105–2112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.215

• were prepared by spin-coating deposition of colloidal silica nanoparticles on an appropriate macroporous substrate. Silica nanoparticles very homogenous in size were obtained by sol–gel reaction of a metal oxide silica precursor, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and using polystyrene-block-poly

• (ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) copolymers as soft-templating agents. Nanoparticles synthesis was carried out in a mixed solvent system. After spin-coating onto a macroporous silicon nitride support, silica nanoparticles were calcined under controlled conditions. An organized nanoporous layer was obtained

• proved to generate a variety of well-ordered materials by self-assembling processes [31][32][33][34][35]. Here, we describe the synthesis, deposition and physicochemical characterization of silica coatings, obtained by spin-coating deposition of soft-templated silica colloidal nanoparticles onto

Template-controlled mineralization: Determining film granularity and structure by surface functionality patterns

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Jonathan Berson,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Johannes Baier,
• Joachim Bill and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1763–1768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.180

• were previously cleaned by CO2 snow-jet treatment (at least 20 s for a 2 × 2 cm substrate). The relative humidity, measured by a Testo 635 Hygrometer, was adjusted to 40–45% during the spin-coating process. For the adjustment of the humidity, a mixture of water-saturated and pure nitrogen were led into

• the spin-coating chamber (approximately 1 L volume) at a flow rate of approximately 40 standard cubic centimeters per minute (40 sccm). Fabrication of SAM templates After spin coating, the polymer films were treated with acetic acid where PMMA was selectively dissolved. The silicon samples were rinsed

In situ SU-8 silver nanocomposites

• Søren V. Fischer,
• Basil Uthuppu and
• Mogens H. Jakobsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1661–1665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.168

• structures are considered in this work. SU-8 thin films are deposited on wafers by using standard spin coating techniques [12]. However, high loadings of preformed NPs in the polymer change the rheological behaviour and might hinder the ability to use spin-coating for thin film nanocomposites [13][14

• fabricating homogeneous SU-8-based metal nanocomposite thin films with in situ generated silver nanoparticles. These composite materials can be deposited on wafers by using standard spin coating techniques and subsequently structured with UV lithography. The nanocomposite is prepared by dissolving AgNO3

• filters in the aligner. The chosen co-solvent for the AgNO3 precursor, acetonitrile, is a mild reducing agent. This precursor solution must therefore be prepared fresh, and added to the SU-8 just before spin coating, to minimise unwanted formation of nanoparticles [13]. The used formulation of SU-8 can be

Polymer blend lithography for metal films: large-area patterning with over 1 billion holes/inch²

• Cheng Huang,
• Alexander Förste,
• Stefan Walheim and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1205–1211, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.123

• , Germany 10.3762/bjnano.6.123 Abstract Polymer blend lithography (PBL) is a spin-coating-based technique that makes use of the purely lateral phase separation between two immiscible polymers to fabricate large area nanoscale patterns. In our earlier work (Huang et al. 2012), PBL was demonstrated for the

• plasmonic resonance; metal islands; metal nanostructures; metal polymer blend lithography (metal PBL); nano-patterned template; nanoscale discs; optical transmission; perforated metal film; polymer phase separation; poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA); polystyrene (PS); self-assembly; spin-coating; surface

• polystyrene (PS)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blend film from a blend solution ends with a purely lateral phase separation between the two immiscible polymers under controlled spin-coating parameters (see Figure 1a). As reported in our earlier publication, the ambient atmosphere (humidity), the molar mass

Automatic morphological characterization of nanobubbles with a novel image segmentation method and its application in the study of nanobubble coalescence

• Yuliang Wang,
• Huimin Wang,
• Shusheng Bi and
• Bin Guo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 952–963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.98

• out. Moreover, the method was applied to evaluate the morphological changes occurring during coalescence. Experimental NB imaging A sample was prepared by spin coating a thin film of PS on a silicon (100) substrate at a speed of 500 rpm. The substrate was cleaned in a sonic bath of acetone and then

• water. PS particles (molecular weight 350,000, Sigma-Aldrich) were dissolved in toluene (Mallinckrodt Chemical) to a concentration of 0.2 wt % to obtain the solution for spin coating. The contact angle of the PS surface with water was measured to be 95 ± 3° using a sessile drop method. A commercial AFM