Enhanced feedback performance in off-resonance AFM modes through pulse train sampling

• Mustafa Kangül,
• Navid Asmari,
• Santiago H. Andany,
• Marcos Penedo and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 134–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.13

• selected window are subtracted from a recorded reference interaction curve to calculate the error. The use of a point-per-clock sampling approach for generating the actuation and data acquisition allows for easy indexing and synchronization of the data points. To compare our control method with the

A distributed active patch antenna model of a Josephson oscillator

• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 151–164, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.16

• better strategy is to use a stack of JJs with large-enough area, enabling high-enough Ic0. The number of JJs, N, is an additional controllable parameter, allowing for fine-tuning of Rn and Rtot. Furthermore, in-phase synchronization of N JJs would provide the N-fold increment of the oscillating voltage v

• coupling occurs at H = 0, corresponding to the homogeneous distribution of the Josephson current. Generally, operation of JPOs is described by the standard patch antenna theory [36]. The only interesting physics is associated with synchronization of JJs in the stack [10], which can be forced by the high

Observation of collective excitation of surface plasmon resonances in large Josephson junction arrays

• Roger Cattaneo,
• Mikhail A. Galin and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1578–1588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.132

• . However, synchronization of many junctions is required for achieving a coherent amplification of the emitted power. In this work we present an experimental study of large arrays containing up to one thousand Nb/NbxSi1−x/Nb junctions. The arrays exhibit profound cavity mode resonances, corresponding to the

• , the standing wave imprints its order on the array, facilitating mutual phase-locking of junctions. This provides an indirect coupling mechanism, allowing for the synchronization of junctions, which do not directly interact with each other. Our results demonstrate that electrodes can effectively work

• as a common external resonator, facilitating long-range phase-locking of large junction arrays with sizes larger than the emitted wavelength. Keywords: cavity modes; Josephson junctions; synchronization mechanism; THz radiation; Introduction Terahertz sources of electromagnetic waves (EMWs) in the

Coherent amplification of radiation from two phase-locked Josephson junction arrays

• Mikhail A. Galin,
• Vladimir M. Krasnov,
• Ilya A. Shereshevsky,
• Nadezhda K. Vdovicheva and
• Vladislav V. Kurin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1445–1457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.119

• , but also improved synchronization of junctions inside each array. Our conclusion is supported by numerical modelling. Keywords: coherent radiation; Josephson junction arrays; numerical modelling; single-strip line; synchronization; Introduction A Josephson junction (JJ) has the unique ability to

• single JJ emits only a very small off-chip power, typically in the picowatt range. To enhance it to a practical level of about 1 mW, it is necessary to combine many equivalent junctions in an array [5]. However, synchronization of a large number of radiation sources is a serious electrodynamical problem

• effects become dominant for synchronization. To reach the radiation power maximum, JJs should be synchronized with the EM mode excited within the resonator. Such large JJ arrays become similar to a laser where the junctions play the role of atoms in an active medium. The advantage of large JJ arrays

Influence of magnetic domain walls on all-optical magnetic toggle switching in a ferrimagnetic GdFe film

• Rahil Hosseinifar,
• Evangelos Golias,
• Ivar Kumberg,
• Quentin Guillet,
• Karl Frischmuth,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Mario Fix,
• Manfred Albrecht,
• Florian Kronast and
• Wolfgang Kuch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.5

• could be caused by instabilities in the synchronization of the pulse picker (the shot-to-shot variation of the laser system itself is typically only around 1%). The result of shot 1 in Figure 2 on the domain pattern of the sample can be attributed to such an external effect. The switched area on the

Open-loop amplitude-modulation Kelvin probe force microscopy operated in single-pass PeakForce tapping mode

• Gheorghe Stan and
• Pradeep Namboodiri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.83

• the proximity of the surface, might inadvertently include contributions from the van der Waals tip–sample interaction to the measured CPD. In the current OL KPFM-PFT implementation, all these impediments are avoided by precisely controlling the synchronization of the bias modulation with the PFT

High dynamic resistance elements based on a Josephson junction array

• Konstantin Yu. Arutyunov and
• Janne S. Lehtinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 417–420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.32

• here the finite electric current is maintained by correlated Cooper pair tunneling at a voltage bias V across the QPSJ exceeding the particular Coulomb blockade threshold, VC [14]. The tunneling happens at the Bloch oscillation rate, fB. The synchronization of this “internal” periodic process with the

Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

• Andrea Vanossi,
• Dirk Dietzel,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Shigeki Kawai and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

• corrugation-potential amplitude [83]. By flashing the corrugation amplitude periodically in time, it is possible to investigate synchronization phenomena including harmonic and even subharmonic Shapiro steps [172][173][174]. By extending this method to an optical substrate with quasiperiodic as opposed to

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

• Nor Fazila Khairudin,
• Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

• increases and the surface concentration along with residence time for the CHx species also increase as the pressure increases. The increase in pressure leads to a synchronization of carbon deposition and consumption whereby the rate of carbon deposition is higher than the consumption rate, resulting in

Beyond Moore’s technologies: operation principles of a superconductor alternative

• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Alexander L. Gudkov and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2689–2710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.269

• the pipeline [47]. The RQL biasing scheme provides a self-synchronization of data. Early pulses wait at the pipeline edge for the bias current rise in the next phase window. SFQ jitter is accumulated only inside one pipeline and, therefore, timing errors are negligible, which is in contrast to RSFQ

A review of demodulation techniques for amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy

• Michael G. Ruppert,
• David M. Harcombe,
• Michael R. P. Ragazzon,
• S. O. Reza Moheimani and
• Andrew J. Fleming

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1407–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.142

• other frequency components in the signal as there are only two measurements per cycle. Furthermore, the presence of harmonics will result in biased amplitude estimates and complicates the synchronization of the sample and hold circuitry. In a digital implementation, the triggering of the sample and hold

•  2, methods based on rectification can only obtain amplitude estimates while methods based on mixing with an internal reference oscillator can recover both amplitude and phase. Additionally, some of these methods require precise synchronization between the sampling frequency and reference signal. In

3D Nanoprinting via laser-assisted electron beam induced deposition: growth kinetics, enhanced purity, and electrical resistivity

• Brett B. Lewis,
• Robert Winkler,
• Xiahan Sang,
• Pushpa R. Pudasaini,
• Michael G. Stanford,
• Harald Plank,
• Raymond R. Unocic,
• Jason D. Fowlkes and
• Philip D. Rack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 801–812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.83

• purification. Furthermore, no deliberate synchronization was employed between the EBID and laser assist as we have determined that the low laser duty cycle minimally depletes the growth during the simultaneous electron and laser on-times. This allows for the duty cycle of the laser to be uncoupled from the

The eNanoMapper database for nanomaterial safety information

• Nina Jeliazkova,
• Charalampos Chomenidis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Bengt Fadeel,
• Roland Grafström,
• Barry Hardy,
• Janna Hastings,
• Markus Hegi,
• Vedrin Jeliazkov,
• Nikolay Kochev,
• Pekka Kohonen,
• Cristian R. Munteanu,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Bart Smeets,
• Pantelis Sopasakis,
• Georgia Tsiliki,
• David Vorgrimmler and
• Egon Willighagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1609–1634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.165

• blocks and the synchronization between blocks within the four sheets. The next step is to divide the data in each block into groups and sub-groups and match them across the sheets. This last operation is implemented by a dedicated command line application, built on top of the configurable data parser and