Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• the DCS nanocrystals Previous studies showed that polymorphisms can be induced by changing the solvent, the temperature of the experiment, and the substance concentration [29]. The synthesis of precipitated particles also depends on the concentrations of components, the combination of solvent and

Heat-induced morphological changes in silver nanowires deposited on a patterned silicon substrate

• Elyad Damerchi,
• Sven Oras,
• Edgars Butanovs,
• Allar Liivlaid,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Annamarija Trausa,
• Veronika Zadin,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Loïc Vidal,
• Karine Mougin,
• Siim Pikker and
• Sergei Vlassov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 435–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.39

• , after depositing NWs onto a substrate, heat treatment at temperatures around a few hundred degrees Celsius is often employed to eliminate the surfactant used during synthesis [18][19]. The melting temperature of silver is 962 °C, which is significantly higher than the temperatures required to remove

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam 10.3762/bjnano.15.38 Abstract Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have recently emerged as an alternative solvent for nanoparticle synthesis. There have been numerous advancements in the fabrication of silver nanoparticles

• (Ag NPs), but the potential of DESs in Ag NP synthesis was neither considered nor studied carefully. In this study, we present a novel strategy to fabricate Ag NPs in a DES (Ag NPs-DES). The DES composed of ᴅ-glucose, urea, and glycerol does not contain any anions to precipitate with Ag+ cations. Our

• synthesis of nanomaterials for biosensor substrate construction. Keywords: Ag NPs; antibiotic residue; deep eutectic solvents; potential; SERS; Introduction Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a ubiquitous technology for detecting and tracing substances, applied in various kinds of sensors. The

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

On the mechanism of piezoresistance in nanocrystalline graphite

• Sandeep Kumar,
• Simone Dehm and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 376–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.34

• transparent strain sensors. So far, the growth of specific grain boundaries in graphene has not been reported. Also, most research activities aim at the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis of monocrystalline graphene free of grain boundaries [10][11][12]. Methods to detect and visualize grain boundaries

• nanometers and, therefore, an excellent candidate for piezoresistance devices. Also, wafer-scale synthesis of NCG has already been achieved by Zhang et al. and modified by Riaz and co-workers [19][20]. Thickness-controlled growth of NCG was exploited to utilize it as an efficient broadband photodetector [21

Modulated critical currents of spin-transfer torque-induced resistance changes in NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowires

• Mengqi Fu,
• Roman Hartmann,
• Julian Braun,
• Sergej Andreev,
• Torsten Pietsch and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 360–366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.32

• Mengqi Fu Roman Hartmann Julian Braun Sergej Andreev Torsten Pietsch Elke Scheer Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.15.32 Abstract We present a novel method combining anodic aluminum oxide template synthesis and nanolithography to selectively deposit

• been utilized as an effective tool in fundamental studies [1][2] as well as advanced technologies [2][3][4][5][6] to quickly change the magnetization in nanoscopic magnetic systems [2][5][7]. Among manifold material synthesis strategies, high-aspect-ratio multilayered nanowire arrays based on anodic

Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

• , where atomic layers are arranged in such way that the stacking between two adjacent layers corresponds to a twist angle of θ = 60°, and any Mo atom is sitting on top of two S atoms of the adjacent layers [18][19]. However, during the synthesis process (e.g., chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis) or

• . However, atomic force microscopy revealed that they are constituted of nanoflakes (with a lateral size of typically 50 nm) with possibly a distribution of thicknesses. Furthermore, depending on the synthesis conditions, the MoS2 surface coverage can be incomplete, and the thin film average thickness can

• . However, the high temperature used in the CVD synthesis and interaction with the substrate can lead to lattice distortion and the presence of vacancies and doping. In the following, we limit our study to a number of layers N ≤ 4. Figure 4a compares the values of ΔωA−E measured on exfoliated (Figure 4a

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• %, indicating the superior efficacy of our synthesis method. Moreover, our drug-loaded nanostructures exhibit a saturization magnetization of Ms = 60.40 emu/g, highlighting enhanced magnetic properties compared to the cited study. This indicates that the nanostructure can be strongly manipulated under an

• The chemicals used in nanoparticle synthesis, namely iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O, Mw = 270.30 g/mol), iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2·4H2O, Mw = 198.81 g/mol), dopamine hydrochloride (Mw = 189.64 g/mol), tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride, (Tris-HCl, Mw = 157.60 g/mol

• ), and thiol-polyethylene glycol (SH-PEG, purity: ≥95%), ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH, 28–30%), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were purchased from Merck. The chemical vinorelbine tartrate CRS (European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, catalog no: Y0000463) was also acquired from Merck. Synthesis of

Ion beam processing of DNA origami nanostructures

• Leo Sala,
• Agnes Zerolová,
• Violaine Vizcaino,
• Alain Mery,
• Alicja Domaracka,
• Hermann Rothard,
• Philippe Boduch,
• Dominik Pinkas and
• Jaroslav Kocišek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 207–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.20

• modifications, which can be further exploited in novel material processing at the nanoscale. Experimental DNA origami synthesis Rothemund 2D triangles were synthesized by mixing 6 nM M13mp18 scaffold ssDNA with 144 nM staple strands in 1× TAE buffer supplemented with 12.5 mM MgCl2 (folding buffer, FOB) and

• additional MilliQ water to reach the desired final volume (usually 100 μL for a standard synthesis). We used a higher excess of the staple strands because of the already long storage time of our staple stock solution [34]. The mixture was then annealed to 90 °C and slowly cooled down at a rate of −7 °C·min−1

• for about 2 h. Afterwards, 100 μL of the synthesis mixture was filtered through 100 kDa MWCO Amicon centrifugal filter units to remove excess staple strands. This was done three times, each time adding 400 μL of FOB, at a relative centrifugal force of 4000g for 4 min. The filters were then flipped and

Nanocarrier systems loaded with IR780, iron oxide nanoparticles and chlorambucil for cancer theragnostics

• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan-Thang Cao,
• Vy Tran-Anh and
• Hieu Vu Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.17

• cytoskeleton and chlorambucil (CHL) inhibits DNA synthesis. These drugs can be encapsulated inside nanoparticles for administration to increase the stability of the medication in circulation and therapeutic efficacy. For example, doxorubicin can be inserted into liposomes and paclitaxel attaches to the protein

• Sigma-Aldrich. Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) (11965092), fetal bovine serum (FBS) (MT35010CV), antibiotic (15-240-062), and trypsin (25-200-056) were purchased from Gibco, Fisher Scientific. All other solvents and reagents were of chemical grade. Synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles Iron

• oleic acid was added to the solution and heated to 70 °C for 30 min. The synthesized IO NPs were washed three times with 50 mL of DCM and stored at −80 °C for further experiments. Synthesis of folate-F127 The synthesis was done as previously described [13]. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics

• Gabriela Lewińska,
• Piotr Jeleń,
• Zofia Kucia,
• Maciej Sitarz,
• Łukasz Walczak,
• Bartłomiej Szafraniak,
• Jerzy Sanetra and
• Konstanty W. Marszalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14

• publication aims to validate the potential of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots for the enrichment of the active layer and, ultimately, for application in the active layer of organic BHJ cells. An illustrative QD synthesis was described by Dabbousi and co-workers [38]. Methods and approaches were intensively developed

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• applications in many fields of science and technology, including nanofabrication [1], optical coatings [2], sensing [3][4][5], and others [6]. Many synthesis protocols have been developed for precise control of the pore structure of PAAO [7], which allow for the creation of nanoscale patterns for various types

Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• physical, chemical, and biological characteristics compared to those of bulk materials [11]. The enhanced performance of nanoparticles could be attributed to their high specific surface area-to-volume ratio [10]. The availability of a variety of biological, chemical, and physical methods of synthesis

• , which may be top-down or bottom-up approaches, has facilitated the synthesis of nanoparticles of differing shapes, sizes and properties [11]. When considering zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in particular, their low toxicity, high biocompatibility, and low cost [12] have enabled them to be applied as

• levels, thereby being identified as a Zn-tolerant species, ultimately releasing an excess amount of Zn into the environment. Results ZnO NPs characterization Wet chemical synthesis yielded 7.012 g of ZnO NPs, disregarding the sample loss during the synthesis. The XRD pattern corresponds to the hexagonal

New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water

• Azam Bagheri Pebdeni,
• Mohammad N. AL-Baiati and
• Morteza Hosseini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 95–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.9

• during long-term storage and can be manufactured using normal oligonucleotide chemical synthesis processes, with minor chemical changes if necessary. Aptamers are thus regarded as a good baroreceptor in a variety of biological applications [27][28]. Colorimetric paper-based biosensors are the most

• the reducing agent in the synthesis of NPs. The chromogenic TMB was oxidized in the presence of Ag/Pt NPLs, resulting in a noticeable blue hue. As shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2a, the absorbance intensity at 652 nm, which is the characteristic peak of oxidized TMB, considerably rose

• room temperature using a Zetasizer Nano-ZS90 Malvern. The elementary compositions of the samples were determined using EDS on a Tescan energy-dispersive spectrometer. The ImageJ software was used to determine the gray intensity of the blue color of the paper-based microfluidic device. Synthesis of Ag

Study of the reusability and stability of nylon nanofibres as an antibody immobilisation surface

• Inés Peraile,
• Matilde Gil-García,
• Laura González-López,
• Nushin A. Dabbagh-Escalante,
• Juan C. Cabria-Ramos and
• Paloma Lorenzo-Lozano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.8

• reusability study”. Ricin has been chosen as a representative biotoxin because it has been used in biological warfare attacks because of its high toxicity, stability, and availability. It belongs to the ribosome-inactivating protein family and causes cell death by disrupting protein synthesis [20]. Results

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• mechanism of BBR against a standard strain Staphylococcus aureus, whereby BBR inhibits the synthesis of the cell wall and an aromatic amino acid induces oxidative damage and decreases stress resistance. Besides, BBR was found to inhibit MRSA biofilm formation with the concentration in the range of 1–64 mg/L

Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo₂O₄ on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

• Sylwia Pawłowska,
• Karolina Cysewska,
• Yasamin Ziai,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

• -stage synthesis of polymer composites based on PNIPAAm hydrogel was presented. Both conductive particles in the form of conductive carbon black (cCB) and MnCo2O4 (MCO) spinel particles were suspended in the three-dimensional structure of the hydrogel. The MCO particles in the resulting hydrogel

• tissues. The amount of water absorbed depends on factors such as the structure of the hydrogel, the composition of the precursor hydrogel solution, the cross-link density, and the technique of its synthesis. The simple reaction of one or more monomers is used for the production of this kind of material [1

• ][2][3]. The methods of synthesising hydrogels are divided into two basic groups, including physical and chemical cross-linking. Physical cross-linking methods, which are mainly related to the synthesis of natural hydrogels, include changes in intermolecular interactions (e.g., hydrophobic

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• ) with sizes ≈100 nm by green synthesis using extracts of Ficus carica Linn and Olea europaea L., which are rich in phenolic compounds. The authors also evaluated the antileishmanial potential of the nanosystems regarding concurrent treatment or pretreatment against Leishmania major cutaneous infection

• impact specific drug release kinetics and increase biocompatibility [60]. Different biodegradable polymers have been used for the development of targeted PNPs for the treatment of leishmaniasis [102]. In this scenario, chitosan is an interesting polymer for NP synthesis due to its positive charge, which

• favors adsorption by negatively charged cell membranes [103]. Additionally, studies have revealed antileishmanial properties of this polymer against Leishmania parasites, making it attractive for the synthesis of NPs intended for this treatment [56][104]. Therefore, Chaubey and colleagues developed

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• . aureus). Results and Discussion Pristine BSA/PDA NPs with BSA/DA ratios ranging from 0.25 to 10 and three different types of fluorescent BSA/PDA NPs with a BSA/DA ratio of 10 were synthesized and characterized. Three synthesis routes were used to prepare these fluorescent BSA/PDA NPs, based either on the

• 10 nm Synthesis of stable BSA/PDA NPs with size control Pristine polydopamine nanoparticles (BSA/PDA NPs) were prepared according to Bergtold et al. [13] (Figure 2a–c). BSA and DA solutions were mixed in Tris buffer with ratios varying from 0.25 to 10. Contrary to a DA solution in Tris buffer, the

• between DA and BSA, which contains the KE diad and allows for the control of the NP formation [13]. During the synthesis, DA is added into the BSA solution, thus avoiding that the proteins come into contact with already formed PDA. Bergtold et al. proposed that the size control is exerted by the specific

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

• present. These are assigned to the AuNOO, ClLMM, CKLL, and SnMNN Auger transitions [34], respectively (Figure 1b, green spectrum). The broad and small peak at approximately 367 eV is attributed to an Sn signal [34]. The contamination with Sn is from the synthesis process of the [Au(CH3)2Cl]2 precursor

• , is that this study was carried out in UHV with a higher electron beam current of 1.5 nA. However, it should be mentioned that the AES used here is surface sensitive as compared to EDX, which is bulk sensitive. As the synthesis and purification routes in both HV and the current UHV studies are

• apparently the same, it is surprising that no Sn impurities were reported in the deposits made under HV. As the information on the synthesis route is limited in the HV study reported, we can only speculate that a different methylation agent may have been used (i.e., one that did not contain tin). An

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• 0.01. Scheme of the synthesis of the CUR-loaded HSA microparticles via CCD with some modifications. Characterization of curcumin-loaded albumin microparticles. (A) Photographs of sample solutions. From left to right: 1 mL of CUR in DMSO (0.6 mg/mL), CUR in distilled water (0.6 mg/mL), 1 mL of CUR-HSA

Sulfur nanocomposites with insecticidal effect for the control of Bactericera cockerelli

• Lany S. Araujo-Yépez,
• Juan O. Tigrero-Salas,
• Vicente A. Delgado-Rodríguez,
• Vladimir A. Aguirre-Yela and
• Josué N. Villota-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1106–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.91

• ]. Furthermore, different kinds of polysaccharides (e.g., chitosan, alginates, and polyethylene glycol) have been used for the synthesis of nanoinsecticides [15]. While other forms of polymer and non-polymer nanoformulations, such as nanofibers, nanocapsules, nanogels, nanomicelles, and nanospheres, have been

• microencapsulation of essential oils protect their active components from degradation and evaporation losses, thus enhancing their stability and solubility [27]. In this framework, this research shows the synthesis of nanocomposites (NCMPs) containing elemental sulfur nanoparticles coated with essential oils of

• as size, distribution, and the nature of the particles [37]. Furthermore, the observed diameters align with other research in which sizes in the range of 10–80 nm were obtained using the same method for SNP synthesis, that is, chemical precipitation from sodium thiosulfate as a sulfur source [31][32

Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Fatima Husainy,
• Dmitry Aldakov and
• Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

• confinement in the vertical direction and their smooth surfaces with atomic thickness control, very precise control over the optical gap and exciton energy of NSs can be achieved through chemical synthesis, making them very interesting

Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• sulfuric acid which is utilized for activating the graphene in the graphene synthesis. The crystalline properties of graphene nanoplatelets were determined by XRD analyses. All peaks were measured by XRD and compared with previous studies [26]. The XRD patterns of the graphene nanoplatelet samples are

A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

• Doan Nhat Giang,
• Nhat Minh Nguyen,
• Duc Anh Ngo,
• Thanh Trang Tran,
• Le Thai Duy,
• Cong Khanh Tran,
• Thi Thanh Van Tran,
• Phan Phuong Ha La and
• Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

• nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods obtained via a simple and cost-effective synthesis process has great potential for optoelectronic applications. Keywords: CuO nanoparticles; heterojunction; optoelectronics; visible-light photodetector; ZnO nanorods; Introduction Optoelectronics is a field to accelerate the

• because of its large exciton binding energy of 60 meV at room temperature [20], excellent chemical and thermal stability, high electron mobility, non-toxicity, low cost, and simple synthesis [21][22]. Various shapes of ZnO nanomaterials can be easily obtained by controlling synthesis conditions (e.g

• photodetector based on CuO nanoparticles (CuO NPs) and ZnO nanorods (ZnO NRs). CuO NPs were loaded onto ZnO NRs by a cost-effective, simple hydrothermal method at low synthesis temperature [38]. The CuO/ZnO photodetector was characterized, and its sensitivity was evaluated regarding visible-light wavelengths