High photocatalytic activity of Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ nanocomposites prepared by photodeposition for degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

• Shu Chin Lee,
• Hendrik O. Lintang and
• Leny Yuliati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 915–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.93

• showed that different synthesis methods lead to different photocatalytic performance. The photocatalysts prepared by photodeposition showed superior performance compared to those prepared by the impregnation method. Properties comparison The structural, optical, and physical properties of the Fe2O3/TiO2

• range of 8.8–9.3 nm (Table 1, entries 8–13), suggesting that the crystallite size was not altered by the photodeposition method. Comparing the two synthesis methods, it was obvious that the photodeposition method maintained both crystallinity and crystallite size of the TiO2, while the impregnation

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• these synthesis procedures can be found in previous reviews [5][6][16][17]. The synthesis methods of SWCNTs include also the growth of tubes inside the outer SWCNTs. The inner tubes can be formed inside SWCNTs filled with molecules of fullerenes, metallocenes, acetylacetonates and other precursors, as

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

Carbon nanotube-wrapped Fe₂O₃ anode with improved performance for lithium-ion batteries

• Guoliang Gao,
• Yan Jin,
• Qun Zeng,
• Deyu Wang and
• Cai Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 649–656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.69

• composites, which have been demonstrated to have improved cycling performance [21][22][23][24][25]. All of these materials demonstrated considerable specific capacity, but with some drawbacks such as complex synthesis methods [21][22], high cost and low cycle life. So it is essential to find new facile

Formation and shape-control of hierarchical cobalt nanostructures using quaternary ammonium salts in aqueous media

• Ruchi Deshmukh,
• Anurag Mehra and
• Rochish Thaokar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 494–505, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.53

• important. Cobalt nanostructures with defined geometry and high coercivity are most desirable for magnetic storage applications [7]. Therefore, it is important to develop synthesis methods that yield cobalt nanostructures with well-controlled shape and size. This formulates the primary objective of the

Hydrophilic silver nanoparticles with tunable optical properties: application for the detection of heavy metals in water

• Paolo Prosposito,
• Federico Mochi,
• Erica Ciotta,
• Mauro Casalboni,
• Fabio De Matteis,
• Iole Venditti,
• Laura Fontana,
• Giovanna Testa and
• Ilaria Fratoddi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1654–1661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.157

• solution was stored at 4 °C. For samples obtained with both synthesis methods, UV–vis spectra were run with a Varian Cary 100 Scan UV–visible spectrophotometer and Perkin-Elmer Lambda 19 from water suspensions. A Malvern Zetasizer Nanoseries instrument (Malvern, UK) equipped with a 10 mW HeNe laser at a

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

• Sylwia Kuśnieruk,
• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Agnieszka Chodara,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1586–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.153

• was synthesis-time dependent. The purpose of this study was to further develop the previously reported synthesis methods in order to: further extend the range of particle sizes, scale up the synthesis process by six orders of magnitude of six types of nano-hydroxyapatite, and to demonstrate that a

Microwave synthesis of high-quality and uniform 4 nm ZnFe₂O₄ nanocrystals for application in energy storage and nanomagnetics

• Christian Suchomski,
• Ben Breitung,
• Ralf Witte,
• Michael Knapp,
• Sondes Bauer,
• Tilo Baumbach,
• Christian Reitz and
• Torsten Brezesinski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1350–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.126

• occupancy also plays a central role in the magnetism (exchange interactions) and usually exhibits a variety among different synthesis methods. Overall, this means that the magnetic properties can be tailored to some extent by means of the preparation conditions. Furthermore, spinel ferrites have been shown

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• epoxy–graphene nanocomposites. In addition, almost in all cases, the nanocomposites were produced using solution casting. Therefore, solution casting and thermosetting epoxy are still the favorite synthesis methods. The first report about the preparation of aligned CNT–polymer composites was published

Microwave solvothermal synthesis and characterization of manganese-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Roman Mukhovskyi,
• Elzbieta Pietrzykowska,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Jan Mizeracki and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 721–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.64

• in nanomaterials with the same dopant content but with a different distribution of ions or dopant clusters in the crystalline lattice (Figure 2) [47]. Despite the efforts made by numerous research groups and despite the development of new synthesis methods, obtaining nanomaterials with reproducible

• energy and cost efficient than conventional synthesis methods. The microwave radiation employed is a highly effective method of providing energy to the reaction chamber, which results in a more uniform and rapid heating in comparison with traditional methods of heat transfer [64]. The MSS method is a

Determination of Young’s modulus of Sb₂S₃ nanowires by in situ resonance and bending methods

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Alexander I. Livshits,
• Juris Prikulis,
• Subhajit Biswas,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 278–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.25

• behavior of nanostructures is not only important for the development of potential applications, but also allows for an overall estimation of the NW structure obtained using different synthesis methods. Various approaches have been used to study the mechanical behavior of NWs including AFM 3-point bending

Paramagnetism of cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles obtained by microwave solvothermal synthesis

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka,
• Witold Lojkowski,
• Wojciech Knoff,
• Malgorzata I. Lukasiewicz,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin T. Klepka,
• Tomasz Story and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1957–1969, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.200

• ferromagnetic and paramagnetic properties [46][47]. Using hydrothermal [32][48] and sol–gel [49][50] synthesis methods, Co-doped ZnO with both ferromagnetic and paramagnetic properties was obtained [39][41][42]. These observations questioned the possibility of producing powders with controllable properties

Atomic scale interface design and characterisation

• Carla Bittencourt,
• Chris Ewels and
• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1708–1711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.174

• Bittencourt, Chris Ewels and Arkady Krasheninnikov, with the reviews covering key areas of advanced synthesis methods, controlled functionalization and post-processing routes, developments in nanoscale characterization tools as well as theoretical modeling of structure and dynamics, and electronic properties

In situ SU-8 silver nanocomposites

• Søren V. Fischer,
• Basil Uthuppu and
• Mogens H. Jakobsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1661–1665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.168

• ]. Furthermore, it is difficult to obtain stable suspensions of preformed NPs in SU-8 without aggregation and phase separation. In situ synthesis methods where the particles are formed directly within the polymeric matrix from a precursor can circumvent this problem. Here, we report a fast and simple method for

Using natural language processing techniques to inform research on nanotechnology

• Nastassja A. Lewinski and
• Bridget T. McInnes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.149

• available online. TechPerceptor TechPerceptor is a text mining tool to conduct patent analysis and generate a patent map based on a subject–action–object (SAO) approach [26][27][28]. Their training corpus consisted of 136 patents and was initially analyzed for trends in carbon nanotube synthesis methods [26

• reporting arc-discharge and laser vaporization synthesis methods [26]. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods were also mentioned as being invented frequently. Top patenting companies included NEC, Samsung and Sony. Their dynamic tool revealed a possible patent vacuum of using low temperature or microwave

• -based synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes [27]. Analyzing hot spots revealed changes in the type of synthesis method patented over time, with synthesis methods evolving from arc discharging in 1999–2000 to metal-catalyzed heat-treatment syntheses and CVD in 2003–2004, to arc discharge with

Growth and morphological analysis of segmented AuAg alloy nanowires created by pulsed electrodeposition in ion-track etched membranes

• Ina Schubert,
• Loic Burr,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1272–1280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.131

• including composition, dimension, and crystallinity. Therefore, to develop synthesis methods that guarantee a precise control of these properties is important. A powerful technique to synthesise nanowires with well-controlled morphological and crystallographic characteristics is the so-called template

Palladium nanoparticles anchored to anatase TiO₂ for enhanced surface plasmon resonance-stimulated, visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Hong Ye Chu,
• Shaliza Ibrahim and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 428–437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.43

• photoactivity. There are several synthesis methods available for preparing plasmonic photocatalysts, namely photodeposition [3][30][31], hydrothermal [4][32][33][34], ion exchange [35][36], chemical reduction [25][37][38], physical vapour deposition [27][39][40], and deposition–precipitation [41][42][43]. Among

Influence of size, shape and core–shell interface on surface plasmon resonance in Ag and Ag@MgO nanoparticle films deposited on Si/SiO_x

• Sergio D’Addato,
• Daniele Pinotti,
• Maria Chiara Spadaro,
• Guido Paolicelli,
• Vincenzo Grillo,
• Sergio Valeri,
• Luca Pasquali,
• Luca Bergamini and
• Stefano Corni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 404–413, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.40

• nanoparticles (NPs) with a diameter of d = 3–10 nm were obtained by physical synthesis methods and deposited on Si with its native ultrathin oxide layer SiOx (Si/SiOx). Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of bare Ag NPs revealed the presence of small NP aggregates

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• neutron capture therapy. In this review, BNNT synthesis methods and the surface modification strategies are first discussed, and then their toxicity and application studies are summarized. Finally, a perspective for the future use of these novel materials is discussed. Keywords: boron nitride nanotubes

• ; chemical modifications; medical applications; synthesis methods; toxicity; Review Introduction Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are known as structural analogs of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) but with superior properties [1][2][3]. Although they have structural similarities, they significantly differ in their

• ][29], ball milling [30][31][32][33][34][35], laser ablation [36][37][38], and low temperature methods [39][40][41] were reported. The CVD and ball milling methods are currently the two most widely used methods for the synthesis of BNNTs. In this review, the most important BNNT synthesis methods are

Hybrid spin-crossover nanostructures

• Carlos M. Quintero,
• Gautier Félix,
• Iurii Suleimanov,
• José Sánchez Costa,
• Gábor Molnár,
• Lionel Salmon,
• William Nicolazzi and
• Azzedine Bousseksou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2230–2239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.232

• probe lies in the fact that the speed and temperature range (where the spin transition takes place) can be tuned by well-known chemical synthesis methods and without necessarily modifying the luminescent agent. This can be translated into a flexible design when it comes to sensitivity and working range

Silica nanoparticles are less toxic to human lung cells when deposited at the air–liquid interface compared to conventional submerged exposure

• Alicja Panas,
• Andreas Comouth,
• Harald Saathoff,
• Thomas Leisner,
• Marco Al-Rawi,
• Michael Simon,
• Gunnar Seemann,
• Olaf Dössel,
• Sonja Mülhopt,
• Hanns-Rudolf Paur,
• Susanne Fritsch-Decker,
• Carsten Weiss and
• Silvia Diabaté

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1590–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.171

• specific surface area is well known and has already been shown for many types of particles including amorphous silica particles [36]. Conclusion In this study two silica NPs produced by different synthesis methods were intensively characterized with regard to their properties in aerosols, deposition from

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

• controlled independently while their uniquely high purity is retained. Hence, this article will highlight totally surfactant-free size control strategies for laser-fabricated nanoparticles and will comment on the stability of these particles in biological fluids. Additionally, laser-based synthesis methods

• . This often favors element segregation and the formation of core shell structures in the resulting nanoparticles [137][138]. Laser-based synthesis methods have proven to be a veritable alternative to generate AuAg alloy nanoparticles with homogeneous elemental distributions even on a single particle

Nanoporous composites prepared by a combination of SBA-15 with Mg–Al mixed oxides. Water vapor sorption properties

• Amaury Pérez-Verdejo,
• Alvaro Sampieri,
• Heriberto Pfeiffer,
• Mayra Ruiz-Reyes,
• Juana-Deisy Santamaría and
• Geolar Fetter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1226–1234, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.136

• 2.03 (Table 1). This value is in agreement with its nominal composition (Mg/Al = 2). The composites prepared in post-synthesis methods showed a molar ratio of Mg/Al = 1.85 and 1.95, respectively. Such ratios are very close to the nominal composition of the calcined composites. Still, the (Mg–Al)/SBA

Growth and characterization of CNT–TiO₂ heterostructures

• Yucheng Zhang,
• Ivo Utke,
• Johann Michler,
• Gabriele Ilari,
• Marta D. Rossell and
• Rolf Erni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 946–955, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.108

• the recent progress achieved in these areas is reviewed here. ALD growth of CNT–TiO2 Many methods have been developed to fabricate CNT–metal/metal oxide nanocomposites. For CNT–TiO2, the methods that are mostly adopted are sol–gel and hydrothermal deposition. A good summary of the synthesis methods

Injection of ligand-free gold and silver nanoparticles into murine embryos does not impact pre-implantation development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wiebke Garrels,
• Annette Barchanski,
• Svea Peterson,
• Laszlo Sajti,
• Andrea Lucas-Hahn,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Ulrich Baulain,
• Sabine Klein,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 677–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.80

• ions, which imply that their toxicity can be reduced by either adapting surface properties or choosing alternative synthesis methods, so that their use could be rendered more safely in a plethora of applications. Experimental Nanoparticle production and characterization The applied laser-based approach