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Search for "template" in Full Text gives 267 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105
Fabrication of high-resolution nanostructures of complex geometry by the single-spot nanolithography method
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 976–986, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.101
- required for a template pattering can be estimated to be on the order of hours or even tens of hours. Often, during such a long exposure, a pattern generator will produce an error due to a buffer overflow because of the large data exchange. Moreover, the main drawback of EBL is the exposure speed (usually
- method is very promising for fabrication of high-quality, artificial, spin-ice lattices [21][22], magnonic [23] and photonic [24] crystals on large scale. An important additional advantage of the proposed method is the fast patterning of a template as compared with the exposure time required for the
- reversed pattern on positive resist using conventional lithography techniques, where a sequential scan of the selected area is required. To fabricate a template in the form of an array of 25 × 25 (625 elements in total) equilateral triangles with a length of 210 nm and a line width of 40 nm, only 17.6 s
A simple approach to the synthesis of Cu1.8S dendrites with thiamine hydrochloride as a sulfur source and structure-directing agent
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 881–885, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.90
- Bi2S3 without a template [11]. Li et al. demonstrated that L-cysteine could assist the formation of snowflake-like patterns and flower-like microspheres as well as porous hollow microsphere CuS structures [12]. Thiamine, abundant and inexpensive, contains one sulfur atom and is supposed to be used as a
Microwave assisted synthesis and characterisation of a zinc oxide/tobacco mosaic virus hybrid material. An active hybrid semiconductor in a field-effect transistor device
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 785–791, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.81
- Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.6.81 Abstract Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) has been employed as a robust functional template for the fabrication of a TMV/zinc oxide field effect transistor (FET). A microwave based approach, under mild conditions
- light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), grazing incidence X-ray diffractometry (GI-XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). TEM and DLS data confirm the formation of crystalline ZnO nanoparticles tethered on top of the virus template. GI-XRD investigations exhibit an orientated
- nature of the deposited ZnO film along the c-axis. FET devices fabricated using the zinc oxide mineralized virus template material demonstrates an operational transistor performance which was achieved without any high-temperature post-processing steps. Moreover, a further improvement in FET performance
Magnetic properties of self-organized Co dimer nanolines on Si/Ag(110)
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 777–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.80
- growth temperature, individual or regular arrays (with a pitch of 2 nm) of Si nanoribbons can be grown. Next, the Si/Ag(110) system is used as a novel one-dimensional Si template to guide the growth of Co dimer nanolines on top of the Si nanoribbons, taking advantage of the fact that the thermally
- transition metal nanostructures, it appears interesting to also study the growth of such objects on a non-metallic template. We underline that since self-organized growth allows the fabrication of a high-density of nanostructures with a narrow size distribution, this route of nanofabrication opens up the
- nanolines on top of the Si NRs, reproducing the 1D pattern of the Si template. This, however, is limited by defects induced by Co incorporation into the Si NRs [21]. In the experiments reported herein, Co was deposited at 220 K to kinetically block this Co incorporation process and obtain long, defect-free
Simple approach for the fabrication of PEDOT-coated Si nanowires
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 640–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.65
- morphology control by tuning the thickness and reaction rate. Template polymerization of PEDOT has already been investigated on nanostructures such as ZnO [17], TiO2 [18], GaAs [19], AAO [20]. However, using a SiNW array as template for PEDOT deposition is an unexplored research field with only a few
Self-assembled anchor layers/polysaccharide coatings on titanium surfaces: a study of functionalization and stability
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 617–631, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.63
- template striping [43], our high resolution titanium 2p spectra in the region of 450–468 eV showed the characteristic Ti 2p spin-split doublet structure, with a separation of approximately 6 eV between the Ti 2p1/2 and Ti 2p3/2 peaks (Figure 1). The binding energies of the contributions within the Ti 2p3/2
Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57
- inside the silica spheres by using CTAB as template surfactant. Finally complexes of lanthanides, namely Eu3+, Tb3+ with nicotinic and isonicotinic acid were introduce inside silica. The characterization of these multifunctional nanostructures was achieved by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, XRD
- -functionalized CdTe QDs were conjugated with the magnetic NPs inside the silica shell. Finally, the silica-coated NPs were wrapped with thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) by a template polymerization process. The average diameter of silica-coated magnetic NPs was found to be 100 ± 10 nm as studied by
Filling of carbon nanotubes and nanofibres
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 508–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.53
- is still very much prevalent today. The main advantages of using CNTs to produce metallic nanowires is that the CNTs act as a template for self-assembly of the nanowires [40][41] and the CNT structure can act as a protective sheath to protect the nanowire from being damaged by chemicals in harsh
- surface or alters their morphology in undesired ways (e.g., reduction in length). Due to this challenge, much research has been focussed on producing CNTs that are open at both ends. This has been achieved by using an anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) film as a template for the thermal decomposition of
- hydrocarbon gases, followed by removal of the template by etching in 46% HF solution [63][64]. This technique has since been refined to produce tailored CNTs of desired length and diameter [65] and to allow the template to be dissolved in NaOH (rather than concentrated HF) [66]. This method has also been
Hollow plasmonic antennas for broadband SERS spectroscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 492–498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.50
- energy. It is also conceivable to vary the angle of the ion milling, leading to the formation of tilted antennas. Moreover, the possibility of covering the polymer template with different materials expands the range of novel applications for such structures. In this paper, we exploit this fabrication
Conformal SiO2 coating of sub-100 nm diameter channels of polycarbonate etched ion-track channels by atomic layer deposition
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 472–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.48
- a narrow size distribution of the cylindrical channels in the template. This result is further confirmed by high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) of nanotubes released from the PC matrix by dissolving the polymer. The chemical composition of the deposited layer is analyzed by X-ray
- and subsequent dissolution of the polymer template. Most of the observed tubes are about 30 µm long, which corresponds to the initial thickness of the PC foil. This and the fact that the outer diameter is constant along the tubes evidence a conformal deposition process along the complete length of the
Electrical properties of single CdTe nanowires
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 444–450, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.45
- characteristics, in order to control the functionality of the nanowires. It is also important that the fabrication method leads to reproducible results and is highly scalable, thus increasing the efficiency of the preparation step. The template approach is a method which enables the fabrication of nanowires with
- excellent reproducibility and a narrow distribution of the geometrical characteristics [8][9][10][11][12][13]. The method typically makes use of a nanoporous membrane as a template along with a method for filling its pores. As templates, most used are polymer ion track membranes, anodic alumina and diblock
- , a template approach for fabricating CdTe nanowires by electrodeposition inside ion track polycarbonate nanoporous membranes was employed. It was recently proved that one can easily control the characteristic of the nanowires prepared in this way by controlling the electrodeposition overpotential [15
Multifunctional layered magnetic composites
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 134–148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.13
- SANS and VSANS experiments, therefore we conclude that the demineralized nacre matrix can be used as a template for the synthesis of the composite material, which is in agreement with earlier work on nacre retrosynthesis [13]. The distance between the layers is around 250–500 nm (see below in Figure 5d
- purple area next to the matrix in Figure 3d represents excess of gelatin on the sample surface. These studies reveal that the chitin–gelatin composite can be used as a template for the mineralization of magnetite and therefore act as a building block for the formation of a multifunctional composite
- ) and ferric ions (FeCl3 0.2 M) in a molar ratio of 1:2. After complete diffusion of the ions inside the hydrogel template magnetite is precipitated in the third step by introducing the template in a base (NaOH 0.1 M). The magnetite nanoparticles are synthesized through a so-called co-precipitation
Functionalization of α-synuclein fibrils
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 124–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.12
- tissue engineering [27][28], as well as use as a template for fibril metallization [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] or for the biomineralization of fibrils [36]. Nanostructures are usually designed by modifying proteins or peptides prior to fibril assembly [21][37][38][39][40][41]. Although post-assembly
- complex structures ordered by the amyloid template has been described [36]. Ries et al., recently developed a method for super resolution imaging of amyloid fibrils with binding-activated probes where unlabeled target structures (eg., α-synuclein fibrils) can be visualised after the amyloid-specific
Chemoselective silicification of synthetic peptides and polyamines
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 103–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.10
- nanostructure forms a template for the localized silicon dioxide precipitation in LCPA-rich but silaffin-poor areas [20]. From the numerous physical and experimental parameters, which differ from the literature experiments, only the chemical parameter of micro-heterogeneity is resolved in our experiments, which
- template is entrapped in the inorganic precipitate while the others remain in solution. This straightforward method identifies cooperativity of bioorganic templates in solution and can be easily transferred to other mineralization experiments. Experimental The NMR spectra were recorded at 300 MHz and the
Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9
- . synthesized BNNTs by means of microwave plasma at a temperature lower than 520 °C [40]. In this technique, a 6–100 nm pore size, aluminum oxide template was used along with microwave plasma. The BNNTs were grown on the surface of this template in the presence of B2H6/Ar and NH3/N2 at 10−4 Pa pressure at 520
- °C. The diameter of the synthesized BNNTs was the same as the pore size diameter of the aluminum oxide template. The BNNTs were synthesized in a stainless steel autoclave at 380 °C from amorphous boron, NaN3, and CH3CN for 14 h. The obtained product was washed with ethanol, dried and a 5% BNNTs yield
Exploring plasmonic coupling in hole-cap arrays
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.1
- the optical properties of short range ordered arrays of nanocap-holes coupled structures and interpret them in terms of hybridization of their more elementary components. We fabricate these structures utilizing colloidal monolayer masks as a template and compare experimental extinction data to finite
Liquid-phase exfoliated graphene: functionalization, characterization, and applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2328–2338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.242
- graphene edges and converts the less stable scroll into a MWNT. This is an important step towards the controlled synthesis of carbon nanostructures. The interaction between graphene sheets and template molecules is expected to produce carbon nanostructures with well-defined properties such as diameter
- upon the addition of ferrocene aldehyde. Reprinted with permission from [30], copyright 2012 American Chemical Society. Slow-motion roll up of a graphene layer. Fc–CHO molecules template the rolling of the graphene sheet. Reprinted with permission from [31], copyright 2013 Wiley-VCH. Schematic
Biopolymer colloids for controlling and templating inorganic synthesis
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2129–2138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.222
- , micelles, and vesicles, and on the other hand continuous scaffolds generated by gelling biopolymers. Keywords: biomacromolecules; biopolymer; colloid; nanoparticle; organic–inorganic hybrid; template; Introduction During the natural synthesis of inorganic matter in living organisms, referred to as
- process from 3-aminopropyltrimethyoxysilane (APTMS) or tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). The structures after the removal of the template were proven to be suited for protein recognition. The synthesis process is depicted in Figure 4. When referring to polymer particles, the denomination “hard template” may sound
- network generated by the polymer and not on the surface or edges (as it is the case of the “supports” of the previous subsection), we label this type of templating as “scaffold”, being aware that the term is also used in a more general way – almost as a simple synonym for “template” – by other authors
Properties of plasmonic arrays produced by pulsed-laser nanostructuring of thin Au films
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2102–2112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.219
- conditions (that is in the absence of “hot spots”) and 103–106 for very good SERS substrates, while those of template-based structures vary between 104 and 107 [50][51][52] and are an order of magnitude larger than for randomly ordered structures [50]. Despite the fact that for the individual “hot spots” a
- high enhancement [54]. Therefore, the EF values of 107–1010 reported in this work for semi-regular structures are considered comparable to values reported for template-based ones. Sensing capability attributable to laser nanostructuring Short-pulse laser processing represents an advantageous solution
Cathode lens spectromicroscopy: methodology and applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1873–1886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.198
- allows for a further growth of magnetic wires following the self-organized template. Fe/Pd–O stripes on W(110) have been demonstrated very recently [70]. XPEEM imaging at the Fe L3 absorption threshold has confirmed the expected Fe distribution as seen in Figure 10b (left panel). In the resulting picture
- , Fe preferentially wets the Pd-covered parts of the striped template. Furthermore, at about 200 °C Fe and Pd rearrange to make a surface alloy with a Pd-rich surface layer. The magnetization of the FePd stripes was found to be along the direction perpendicular to the stripe axis, as shown in the XMCD
Controlling the dispersion of supported polyoxometalate heterogeneous catalysts: impact of hybridization and the role of hydrophilicity–hydrophobicity balance and supramolecularity
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1749–1759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.185
- /POM ratio of 1:3, instead of the nanorods, randomly distributed large clusters of POM entities were formed on HOPG (Figure S2a, Supporting Information File 1). On the other hand, at high DODA loadings (DODA/POM ratio 6:1), hybrid nanorods were formed over a template layer of DODA on HOPG (Figure S2b
- arrays of DODA alone on HOPG, (ca. 4.8 nm). Thus it can be claimed that the DODA chains already form an epitaxially oriented template layer, onto which the organic–inorganic hybrid assemblies were grown. The template layer of DODA can also be seen in the case of nanorods made from WD POM (Figure 4b
Nano-rings with a handle – Synthesis of substituted cycloparaphenylenes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1320–1333, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.145
- template or building block for a bottom-up approach [11][12][13]. Since 2008 several groups have presented successful syntheses of CPPs with different diameters and their properties were studied [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. The main challenge of such a synthesis is, similar to C60, to
- -triborylbenzene 39 as three-way unit. Suzuki coupling and macrocyclization afforded the precursor 41. Aromatization of this cage precursor produced the beautiful conjugated nanocage molecule 42, which could serve as template for a CNT junction. Calculations show that the molecule has a D3 symmetry, the tri
Nanoporous composites prepared by a combination of SBA-15 with Mg–Al mixed oxides. Water vapor sorption properties
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1226–1234, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.136
- the sample was calcined in air at 550 °C for 6 h to eliminate the organic template. A typical Mg–Al hydrotalcite was synthesized according to the procedure reported in a previous work [21]. Two aqueous solutions, one containing Mg(NO3)2·6H2O and Al(NO3)3·7H2O (both from Aldrich, 98%), and the other
- water. The amount of Mg and Al salts corresponded to a molar ratio Mg/Al of 2. The addition of each solution was adjusted to maintain a pH 8. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h, then washed with distilled water, dried overnight at 70 °C, and the template was removed by calcination at
Topology assisted self-organization of colloidal nanoparticles: application to 2D large-scale nanomastering
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1203–1209, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.132
- analysis were used to characterize the morphology of the ordered surfaces. Finally, the production of silicon molds is demonstrated by using the beads as a template for dry etching. Keywords: assisted self-organization; dislocations; patterning; polystyrene beads; single crystal; Introduction The
- potential applications [13]. This issue has led to the development of a host of techniques that attempt to control the ordering of thin–film polystyrene lattice [14][15][16][17], that is, to template the position of the micro domains. In this study, we have developed a novel method of fabricating large
- scale ordered structures. This method combines top-down and bottom-up approaches [18]. In the top-down approach a guide post template is fabricated by an electron beam lithography (EBL) technique on a silicon surface. Thereafter, on these guide posts, self-organization of polystyrene beads is conducted
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