Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

• Ke Xu and
• Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

• actuation Wang et al. [31] designed a needle-shaped liquid metal gallium nanoswimmer with controllable movement under near-infrared laser irradiation. Its propulsion force is mainly derived from the thermophoresis force generated by the temperature gradient along the longitudinal axis. Experiments show that

Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots

• Ke Xu,
• Shuang Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58

• , research on MNRs has become the pursuit of many researchers [5]. In recent years, a variety of driving methods for MNRs have been proposed, such as light [6][7][8][9], acoustics [10][11][12], magnetic fields [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], self-electrophoresis and self-thermophoresis, bubbles, and many

Magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point on a Casson nanofluid flow over a radially stretching sheet

• Ganji Narender,
• Kamatam Govardhan and
• Gobburu Sreedhar Sarma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.114

• ] studied the impact of Brownian motion and thermophoresis diffusion on Casson nanofluid boundary layer flow over a nonlinear inclined stretching sheet. An unsteady flow of a Casson fluid along a nonlinear stretching surface was studied by Ullah et al. [30]. A Casson fluid over a non-isothermal cylinder

• generation, DT is the thermophoresis diffusion coefficient, σ is the electrical conductivity, β represents the Casson fluid parameter, and T represents the nanofluid temperature. The following similarity variables are taken into consideration: Finally, the ODEs describing the proposed flow problem can be

• concentration of the fluid and the associated concentration boundary layer thickness decrease. Figure 18 and Figure 19 show the influence of the thermophoresis parameter on the temperature and concentration distributions. Both the temperature and concentration profiles increase for higher values of Nt. In

Thermophoretic tweezers for single nanoparticle manipulation

• Jošt Stergar and
• Natan Osterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1126–1133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.97

• modeling gives a quantitative prediction of the effect. Traps can be dynamically created and relocated, which we demonstrate by the controlled independent manipulation of two nanoparticles. Keywords: laser; microfluidics; nano-manipulation; thermophoresis; trapping; tweezers; Introduction In science and

• principle for micromanipulation is thermophoresis [19][20][21], where particles or molecules are moved by a thermal gradient. Strong thermal gradients can be generated by laser heating, bringing the flexibility and microscale definition of a contact-less all-optical approach [22][23]. A combination of

• thermophoresis and fluid flow can be used to highly concentrate (trap) nanoparticles and molecules [24][25]. Suspended biological cells can be easily thermophoretically manipulated by harnessing the permittivity gradient in the electric double layer of the charged surface of the cell membrane [26]. Optical

Effect of magnetic field, heat generation and absorption on nanofluid flow over a nonlinear stretching sheet

• Santoshi Misra and
• Govardhan Kamatam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 976–990, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.82

• –corrector method is employed to solve the equations. The impact of the dimensionless parameters, including the Brownian motion, thermophoresis, magnetic field, heat generation and absorption parameters, on the velocity, temperature and nanoparticle concentration of fluid flow are analysed systematically

• . Keywords: Brownian motion; heat generation and absorption; magnetic field; nanofluid; thermophoresis; Introduction The study of magnetohydrodynamic problems, such as nanofluid flow over a permeable stretching sheet, has recently become relevant due to potential applications in various fields of science

• with an increase in the Brownian motion, the particles start moving rapidly from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration since the random acceleration decreases the concentration gradient of the fluid flow (Figure 9). Impact of Nt on θ(η) With an increase in the thermophoresis parameter, Nt