Mammalian cell growth on gold nanoparticle-decorated substrates is influenced by the nanoparticle coating

• Christina Rosman,
• Sebastien Pierrat,
• Marco Tarantola,
• David Schneider,
• Eva Sunnick,
• Andreas Janshoff and
• Carsten Sönnichsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2479–2488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.257

• functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) thiols (X–PEG–SH, where X = COOH, NH2, CH3O; MW = 5000 Da) were grafted onto the gold surface [36] in the same manner as [20]. For this purpose, we incubated the nanoparticle pellet overnight with 100 µL of an aqueous 2 mM mixture of 75% NH2–PEG–SH and 25% CH3O–PEG–SH (NH2

Inorganic Janus particles for biomedical applications

• Isabel Schick,
• Steffen Lorenz,
• Dominik Gehrig,
• Stefan Tenzer,
• Wiebke Storck,
• Karl Fischer,
• Dennis Strand,
• Frédéric Laquai and
• Wolfgang Tremel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2346–2362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.244

• interfacial tension of the oil/water interfacial significantly compared to similar uniform particles, thus confirming previous theoretical predictions (Figure 4). Furthermore, the interfacial activity is enhanced by increasing the amphiphilic character using long alkyl chain thiols. The theme of (self

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) [47]. In a very recent study, they reported the non-covalent functionalization of CNOs with poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-styrene) (PVPS) and poly(ethylene glycol)/Polysorbate 20 (PEG/P20) [48]. The PVPS polymers were then further functionalized with thiols. Both CNO-containing polymers

In vitro interaction of colloidal nanoparticles with mammalian cells: What have we learned thus far?

• Moritz Nazarenus,
• Qian Zhang,
• Mahmoud G. Soliman,
• Pablo del Pino,
• Beatriz Pelaz,
• Susana Carregal-Romero,
• Joanna Rejman,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Reinhard Zellner,
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus,
• James B. Delehanty,
• Igor L. Medintz and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1477–1490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.161

• to positively charged NPs [121][122]. iii) Lipids present in membranes or second-messenger lipids wrap around NPs driven by hydrophilic/hydrophobic interaction and often result in formation of micelles [123][124]. iv) Thiols, present in glutathione or reduced proteins bind to the surface of noble

Purification of ethanol for highly sensitive self-assembly experiments

• Kathrin Barbe,
• Martin Kind,
• Christian Pfeiffer and
• Andreas Terfort

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1254–1260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.139

• with the desired thiolates for surface sites. Here we present that gold nanoparticles deposited onto zeolite X can be used to remove these contaminants by chemisorption. This nanoparticle-impregnated zeolite does not only show high capacities for surface-active contaminants, such as thiols, but can be

• preparation: Simple immersion of the substrate, typically gold, silver, or palladium, into micro- or millimolar solutions of the respective organic thiols [2][3] or disulfides [1] yields the monolayers as well defined systems. At least for the gold/thiolate system, it has been claimed that the thiolate units

• contaminants. A solvent typically considered to be clean is ethanol, which therefore is very popular for the formation of thiolate monolayers. Other reasons for its popularity are its low toxicity and reasonable price. It dissolves most thiols to a suitable concentration (micro- to millimolar), and does not

Nanoscale patterning of a self-assembled monolayer by modification of the molecule–substrate bond

• Cai Shen and
• Manfred Buck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 258–267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.28

• , using standard SAMs such as alkanethiols, results in the arrangement of pores or domains of different thiols in a statistical fashion, thus, prohibiting patterning and controlling dimensions. In order to overcome this bottleneck, SAMs are required that exhibit a structural perfection to an extent that

• that thiols are removed together with gold atoms. Due to the lateral mobilitity thiols also diffuse from areas of the pristine SAM into modified regions. Therefore, the measured height changes are a superposition of topographical changes in the substrate and the SAM. After generation of the pattern in

• during the UPD process. This further corroborates that, after removal of thiols by pulsing, thiols diffuse back into the defect from the surrounding area. Obviously, the SAM can bear a certain level of disorder/defects before the passivation against UPD breaks down. Even though it was not a focus of the

Surface assembly and nanofabrication of 1,1,1-tris(mercaptomethyl)heptadecane on Au(111) studied with time-lapse atomic force microscopy

• Tian Tian,
• Burapol Singhana,
• Lauren E. Englade-Franklin,
• Xianglin Zhai,
• T. Randall Lee and
• Jayne C. Garno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 26–35, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.3

• thiols were found to assemble slowly, requiring more than six hours to generate films. A clean gold substrate was first imaged in ethanolic media using liquid AFM. Next, a 0.01 mM solution of multidentate thiol was injected into the liquid cell. As time progressed, molecular-level details of the surface

• oxidation [18][19]. It has been reported that SAMs designed with longer chain lengths are more thermally stable than those with shorter chains [19][20][21][22]. Multidentate thiols have been investigated as a means to improve the overall stability of alkanethiol SAMs, by forming multiple bonds between a

• liquid environment, studies of surface reactions can be accomplished using time-lapse atomic force microscopy (AFM). To understand more completely the surface structure and self-assembly process for multidentate thiols, we chose a tridentate molecule, 1,1,1-tris(mercaptomethyl)heptadecane (TMMH) for in

Site-selective growth of surface-anchored metal-organic frameworks on self-assembled monolayer patterns prepared by AFM nanografting

• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Alexander Welle,
• Stefan Heißler,
• Christof Wöll and
• Hartmut Gliemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 638–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.71

• with the theoretical length difference between the two thiols (DT and MPA) of 1.5 nm. In addition, the phase contrast data shown in Figure 3c reveal the presence of two different materials inside and around the grafted areas. These findings directly demonstrate the success of the grafting experiment

• ]−, and m/z 681, [Au2SC16H31O2]−. Apart from these characteristic pseudo-molecular peaks the comparison of small fragments providing strong SIMS signals allows for differentiation between the two thiols. The results of this investigation are summarized in Figure 7a, in which the ToF-SIMS spectra of the

• limited by the applied nanografting method and the structure dimensions are in the micrometer-range, the oriented growth of this structures has not yet been proven (e.g., by XRD). This will be a future challenge. The results also show, that an appropriate combination of thiols that activate the SURMOF

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

Horizontal versus vertical charge and energy transfer in hybrid assemblies of semiconductor nanoparticles

• Gilad Gotesman,
• Rahamim Guliamov and
• Ron Naaman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 629–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.72

• explanation for the observed trend is that the number of thiols that bind to each donor NP depends on the length of the molecule. To test this idea, we conducted a control experiment in which we used donor NPs of the same size as before but with a different capping ligand. The ligand in this case was

• the linker-length-dependent trend in lifetimes is the same, although the values are somewhat different, probably due to differences in the particles concentration. Therefore, we conclude that the observed effect is not due to a different number of thiols bound to each donor. Hence, there must be

• monolayer (red) upon the adsorption of the thiols. (b) PL spectra of acceptor NPs only (dotted) at 15 K covered with DT molecules of various lengths (C3DT-green, C6DT-blue, and C10DT-magenta) and spectra of donor–acceptor NP bilayers (solid) with the same linker molecules. PL-lifetime measurements at 15 K

Macromolecular shape and interactions in layer-by-layer assemblies within cylindrical nanopores

• Thomas D. Lazzara,
• K. H. Aaron Lau,
• Wolfgang Knoll,
• Andreas Janshoff and
• Claudia Steinem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 475–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.54

• behavior, similar to that for a flat surface (Figure 1). Some deviations were observed for the initial deposition steps for the linear-PEs due to differences in the initial surface charge density, i.e., the number of positively charged silanes on alumina versus negatively charged thiols on gold [38]. Then

Mapping mechanical properties of organic thin films by force-modulation microscopy in aqueous media

• Jianming Zhang,
• Zehra Parlak,
• Carleen M. Bowers,
• Terrence Oas and
• Stefan Zauscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 464–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.53

• -mercaptoundecyl ether) monolayers. Our studies show that subtle differences in the packing order of the self-assembled EG3-thiols manifest as differences in the surface elastic properties that can be mapped by FMM in solution. The results presented in this paper also provide a stepping stone for the development

• molecules on the surface. At low concentrations, this lying-down phase can persist for hours. At high concentrations, however, thiols can reorient into an upright conformation and pack tightly on the surface within seconds. The adsorption process has been studied with several surface-sensitive techniques

• is able to distinguish subtle difference in the packing of self-assembled thiol monolayers on surfaces, by mapping the amplitude of the first harmonic of the cantilever vibration amplitude. Figure 4 shows a series of FMM images of patterned EG3-thiols (triethylene glycol mono-11-mercaptoundecyl ether

Colloidal lithography for fabricating patterned polymer-brush microstructures

• Tao Chen,
• Debby P. Chang,
• Rainer Jordan and
• Stefan Zauscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 397–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.46

• reaching the metal substrate, the thiol initiator molecules self-assemble into a patterned monolayer, which is confined by the footprint of each microsphere and the extent of lateral spreading of the thiols on the gold substrate (Figure 2B). Amplification of the ring-shaped initiator SAMs results in

Variations in the structure and reactivity of thioester functionalized self-assembled monolayers and their use for controlled surface modification

• Inbal Aped,
• Yacov Mazuz and
• Chaim N. Sukenik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 213–220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.24

• frequencies 2919 and 2850 cm−1 versus the 2922–2923 cm−1 and 2851–2852 cm−1 of 1a–h). Only 1i displays some level of crystalline order (with methylene values of 2921/2851 cm−1), and even that is not as ordered as the C16 system [15][20]. The important conclusion from the oxidation of the acetylated thiols

Electron-beam patterned self-assembled monolayers as templates for Cu electrodeposition and lift-off

• Zhe She,
• Andrea DiFalco,
• Georg Hähner and
• Manfred Buck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 101–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.11

• ; lithography; metallic nanostructures; self-assembled monolayers; thiols; Introduction Covering the range from tens of micrometers down to nanometers, the scope of applications of metal structures in electronics [1][2], sensing [3][4][5][6][7], electrochemical analysis [8], optics and imaging [9][10][11][12

• surface, similar to alkanethiol SAMs [29][30][49][50] and other biphenyl based thiols previously studied [15][25][26][33]. The shift of about −0.27 V to +0.3 V is, however, significantly smaller compared to a long chain alkanethiol such as octadecanethiol for which the shift amounts to about −0.6 V. We

Surface functionalization of aluminosilicate nanotubes with organic molecules

• Wei Ma,
• Weng On Yah,
• Hideyuki Otsuka and
• Atsushi Takahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 82–100, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.10

• with alkyl silanes adsorbed on silicon oxide or with thiols adsorbed on noble metals [1][12][13]. A different class of self-assembling agents, namely phosphonic and phosphoric acids, has gained more and more attention due to their ability to bind to a wide range of metal-oxide surfaces [14

X-ray spectroscopy characterization of self-assembled monolayers of nitrile-substituted oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s with variable chain length

• Hicham Hamoudi,
• Ping Kao,
• Alexei Nefedov,
• David L. Allara and
• Michael Zharnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 12–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.2

• Grenzflächen, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.3.2 Abstract Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of nitrile-substituted oligo(phenylene ethynylene) thiols (NC-OPEn) with a variable chain length n (n ranging from one to three structural units) on Au(111

When “small” terms matter: Coupled interference features in the transport properties of cross-conjugated molecules

• Gemma C. Solomon,
• Justin P. Bergfield,
• Charles A. Stafford and
• Mark A. Ratner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 862–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.95

• the carbon skeleton of a conjugated molecule, i.e., the component that we anticipate will dominate the transport properties in systems exhibiting destructive interference effects. Moving to atomistic simulations, it is necessary to add binding groups (here we use thiols) to bind the organic component

Self-assembled monolayers and titanium dioxide: From surface patterning to potential applications

• Yaron Paz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 845–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.94

• two-steps method, in which a HS–(CH2)10–COOH monolayer was first adsorbed on gold and then exposed to an ethanolic TiO2 colloid solution, and a one-step process in which an ethanolic colloid of TiO2 nanocrystallites was prepared by the sol–gel method in the presence of the functionalized thiols prior

STM visualisation of counterions and the effect of charges on self-assembled monolayers of macrocycles

• Tibor Kudernac,
• Natalia Shabelina,
• Wael Mamdouh,
• Sigurd Höger and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 674–680, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.72

• principle, an additional functionality can be introduced in physisorbed molecular monolayers by co-adsorption of, for instance, thiols [8], combining physisorption and chemisorption. It can be envisioned that counterions of charged molecules that are adsorbed at the surface could be used not only to control

The atomic force microscope as a mechano–electrochemical pen

• Christian Obermair,
• Andreas Wagner and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 659–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.70

• chemical bonds mechanically [17][18]. As the experiments have been performed under environmental conditions, especially in the presence of oxygen, the formation of a surface layer on the gold substrate involving copper oxide/hydroxide and/or other compounds such as thiols is possible. The alternative

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopic imaging of patterned thiol monolayers

• Johannes Stadler,
• Thomas Schmid,
• Lothar Opilik,
• Phillip Kuhn,
• Petra S. Dittrich and
• Renato Zenobi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 509–515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.55

• Raman spectroscopy (TERS) was used to measure the distribution of two isomeric thiols (2-mercaptopyridine (2-PySH) and 4-mercaptopyridine (4-PySH)) in a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on a gold surface. From a patterned sample created by microcontact printing, an image with full spectral information in

• the lateral resolution of TERS was not used to its full potential, but, by exploiting the signal enhancement, weak scatterers could be identified over a larger area. Thiols are used for several purposes. They can form a very thin protective layer on metal surfaces [8] or can be employed in sensorics

• [9][10]. Moreover, thiols have been suggested as components in molecular electronics [11]. Thiols are commercially available in a wide chemical diversity and can easily be linked to a variety of (bio-)molecules using simple chemistry. Thus, they may be used to pattern and functionalize entire

Recrystallization of tubules from natural lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) wax on a Au(111) surface

• Sujit Kumar Dora and
• Klaus Wandelt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 261–267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.30

• and is a well known substrate for the study of self-assembly of a number of different organic molecules, e.g., long chain alkanes [12][13], both aliphatic and aromatic thiols [14][15][16], substituted porphyrins [17][18], substituted pyridines [19], 1-nitronapthalene [20], saccharin [21], substituted