Amplified cross-linking efficiency of self-assembled monolayers through targeted dissociative electron attachment for the production of carbon nanomembranes

• Sascha Koch,
• Christopher D. Kaiser,
• Paul Penner,
• Michael Barclay,
• Lena Frommeyer,
• Daniel Emmrich,
• Patrick Stohmann,
• Tarek Abu-Husein,
• Andreas Terfort,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Oddur Ingólfsson and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2562–2571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.256

• transformation of the relative ratio of the different S 2p doublet peaks, is visible for all four SAMs when comparing the first (0 min) and last (120 min) XP spectra of the molecules. This reduction can be taken as an indicator of the cross-linking process, as already mentioned above. Moreover, if the intensity

Fabrication of CeO₂–MO_x (M = Cu, Co, Ni) composite yolk–shell nanospheres with enhanced catalytic properties for CO oxidation

• Ling Liu,
• Jingjing Shi,
• Hongxia Cao,
• Ruiyu Wang and
• Ziwu Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2425–2437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.241

• oxidation of low-concentration of CO [4], selective reduction of NOx with NH3 [5], and oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOC) [6][7]. The catalytic activity of CeO2 is believed to originate from the reversible transformation between Ce4+ and Ce3+ and affected by various structural factors [8][9][10

Comparing postdeposition reactions of electrons and radicals with Pt nanostructures created by focused electron beam induced deposition

• Julie A. Spencer,
• Michael Barclay,
• Miranda J. Gallagher,
• Robert Winkler,
• Ilyas Unlu,
• Yung-Chien Wu,
• Harald Plank,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2410–2424, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.240

• size and shape (compare Figure 2a and Figure 2c), although the pockmarked imperfections (predominant in the upper right corner) have become larger and there is some evidence of granularity, particularly at the edges (see Figure 2e,f). In terms of chemical transformation, a comparison of representative

• variations in the AH flux between different experiments, which would not be expected to affect the overall ability of AH to purify PtCl2 deposits, but would change the steady state concentration of Pt–H species and thus the nature and extent of the structural transformation. Pt atom diffusion could be

• structural transformation is unclear, but one possibility is that the electron beam exposure required to acquire EDS data was sufficient to purify the very topmost layer of the PtCl2 deposits by electron-stimulated desorption of Cl− anions, although this would not be expected to change the Pt/Cl ratio

Hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO quantum dot/KNb₃O₈ nanosheet photocatalysts for reducing carbon dioxide to methanol

• Xiao Shao,
• Weiyue Xin and
• Xiaohong Yin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2264–2270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.226

• estimated from the Kublka–Munk transformation. The bang gap value of pure KNb3O8 nanosheets was estimated to be 3.46 eV, which is in agreement with the previous reports [26]. After the ZnO quantum dots were loaded, the bang gap value reduced to 3.12 ev. Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 The photocatalytic

Material property analytical relations for the case of an AFM probe tapping a viscoelastic surface containing multiple characteristic times

• Enrique A. López-Guerra and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2230–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.223

• obtain: Now, turning our attention to the second part of the excitation in Equation 18 and applying transformation we obtain: Inserting Equation 26 into Equation 1 and using the relaxance of the Generalized Maxwell model in Figure 1 (see Equation S2 in Supporting Information File 1) leads to

Au₅₅, a stable glassy cluster: results of ab initio calculations

• Dieter Vollath,
• David Holec and
• Franz Dieter Fischer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2221–2229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.222

• the value of the surface energy. Keywords: amorphous; Au55 cluster; glass structure; phase transformation; surface energy; Introduction There is a lot of discussion about the structure and surface energy of small nanoparticles. However, this discussion is rather limited due to the fact that there

• arrangement, and (ii) transformation of the amorphous cluster possibly to a glassy one. In the first regime (relaxation steps 1 to ca. 65), one expects the heat of evaporation to be released. This is not the case, since the 55 atoms of the starting configuration were placed within a relatively small sphere

• data suggest a phase transformation in the temperature range around 600 K, which is the highest temperature at which the coordination number of twelve is observed. In thermodynamics of bulk materials, a discontinuity of the free enthalpy as a function of the temperature is a typical marker for a phase

Velocity dependence of sliding friction on a crystalline surface

• Christian Apostoli,
• Giovanni Giusti,
• Jacopo Ciccoianni,
• Gabriele Riva,
• Rosario Capozza,
• Rosalie Laure Woulaché,
• Andrea Vanossi,
• Emanuele Panizon and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2186–2199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.218

• substantial progress, several fundamental mechanisms of friction and dissipation still need clarification. In particular, nanofriction (the study of friction at the atomic scale) lacks a theoretical model capable of accounting quantitatively for the dissipation of energy, i.e., the transformation of the

Synthesis and characterization of noble metal–titania core–shell nanostructures with tunable shell thickness

• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Marta Michalska-Domańska,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Dariusz Zasada and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2083–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.208

• plasmon resonance and overall extinction in the UV–vis range. However, an additional increase in the red shift of maxima of absorption is expected upon transformation of the amorphous titania shell to crystalline form. Improved optical properties of titania-based hybrid nanostructures make them

Systematic control of α-Fe₂O₃ crystal growth direction for improved electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery anodes

• Nan Shen,
• Miriam Keppeler,
• Barbara Stiaszny,
• Holger Hain,
• Filippo Maglia and
• Madhavi Srinivasan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2032–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.204

• reaction, leading to finely dispersed metal nanocrystals in a Li2O matrix. This process is associated with large volume changes and also exhibits irreversible phase transformation (from a hexagonal anionic packing to a cubic phase [11]) that causes a poor long-time cycling behavior with severe capacity

• electrochemical performance in LIBs [17]. Also, ethylenediamine is used in the hydrothermal synthesis of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles, leading to a shuttle-like nanorod morphology [27]. Diamines increase the pH of the reaction mixture, supporting the phase transformation of FeOOH to α-Fe2O3. In addition, diamines form

• SCA but using NaOH(aq) to adjust the pH value for the phase transformation of FeOOH to α-Fe2O3 were also conducted. These approaches result in micrometer-sized particles without a periodically repeating unit in the nanometer regime. Figure 2a illustrates the XRD patterns of samples obtained from a

Optical techniques for cervical neoplasia detection

• Tatiana Novikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1844–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.186

• and columnar epithelium of endocervical canal (cervical squamocolumnar junction CSJ) [7][8][9]. The location of the squamocolumnar junction relative to the external orifice, or external os (cervix opening to the vagina, see Figure 2) shifts over the lifetime of a woman. The transformation zone

• presence of a high grade malignant lesion (CIN 2–3), the abnormal zone is surgically removed by cervical conization. This is a minimally invasive curative treatment which can completely eliminate the disease provided it was diagnosed at an early stage before the transformation into an invasive cancer. This

• -dimensionality of data, insufficient number of data for training, overtraining because of too many tuning parameters [25]. Moreover, Mirkovic et al. [39] reported that even in healthy cervical tissue a transformation zone (area of most probable location of HSILs) and squamous epithelium are spectroscopically

Nanotribological behavior of deep cryogenically treated martensitic stainless steel

• Germán Prieto,
• Konstantinos D. Bakoglidis,
• Walter R. Tuckart and
• Esteban Broitman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1760–1768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.177

• , SE581 83 Linköping, Sweden 10.3762/bjnano.8.177 Abstract Cryogenic treatments are increasingly used to improve the wear resistance of various steel alloys by means of transformation of retained austenite, deformation of virgin martensite and carbide refinement. In this work the nanotribological

• operative mechanisms during the cryogenic treatment of steels discussed in the current state-of-the-art literature are: transformation of retained austenite [2][3][4], carbide refinement [5][6][7] and plastic deformation of virgin martensite [8][9]. Because of the high hardenability of low-carbon AISI 420

• stainless steel, both transformation of retained austenite and plastic deformation of virgin martensite do not seem to be operative during cryogenic cooling. The main effect observed in AISI 420 after cryogenic processing is a strong reduction in carbide size and a more even dispersion of them in the

Process-specific mechanisms of vertically oriented graphene growth in plasmas

• Subrata Ghosh,
• Shyamal R. Polaki,
• Niranjan Kumar,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Mohamed Kamruddin and
• Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1658–1670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.166

• in the substrate temperature from 600 to 800 °C leads to a transformation of the structures from continuous nanographitic (NG) layers to interconnected network of vertical graphene. NG islands are clearly seen in images taken at higher magnifications (Figure 1b). The thickness of the NG film is

A nanocomplex of C₆₀ fullerene with cisplatin: design, characterization and toxicity

• Svitlana Prylutska,
• Svitlana Politenkova,
• Kateryna Afanasieva,
• Volodymyr Korolovych,
• Kateryna Bogutska,
• Andriy Sivolob,
• Larysa Skivka,
• Maxim Evstigneev,
• Viktor Kostjukov,
• Yuriy Prylutskyy and
• Uwe Ritter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1494–1501, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.149

• compounds. The genotoxicity of С60 fullerene, Cis and their complex was evaluated in vitro with the comet assay using human resting lymphocytes and lymphocytes after blast transformation. The cytotoxicity of the mentioned compounds was estimated by Annexin V/PI double staining followed by flow cytometry

• we evaluated and compared in vitro cytotoxic action of C60 fullerene, Сіs and their complex on lymphocytes from healthy persons, as well as their genotoxic effects towards resting lymphocytes and lymphocytes after blast transformation. Experimental Materials preparation A highly stable reproducible

• collected into a heparinized medical syringe. Lymphocytes were separated by centrifugation in a density gradient (Histopaque 1077, Sigma, USA) according to instructions of the manufacturer and washed twice: control lymphocytes in 0.15 M NaCl, lymphocytes that were intended for blast transformation reaction

Formation of ferromagnetic molecular thin films from blends by annealing

• Peter Robaschik,
• Ye Ma,
• Salahud Din and
• Sandrine Heutz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1469–1475, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.146

• films, which are amorphous on non-interacting substrates, by depositing the molecules on a 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) surface, leading to a transformation from paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic behaviour [5]. Another promising class of molecules are phthalocyanines (Pc) that

• , respectively [17][20], assuming that MnPc is isostructural with CuPc. This represents an intermediate case with a partial transformation from α- to β-phase as shown earlier for metal-free phthalocyanine thin films where Yim et al. proposed a phase-transition mechanism that involves tilting of the α-phase

• the β-MnPc films generated from the blended film. To further investigate the phase transformation we have conducted FTIR spectroscopy measurements (Figure 3b) on the same films deposited on KBr substrates. The ν(C≡N) stretching peaks of TCNQ for the as-deposited blended film can be found at 2185 and

Spin-chemistry concepts for spintronics scientists

• Konstantin L. Ivanov,
• Alexander Wagenpfahl,
• Carsten Deibel and
• Jörg Matysik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1427–1445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.143

• electronic spin relaxation as well as from chemical reactions, i.e., radical pair recombination and radical pair transformation. Hence, the LFE width can be used to determine rates of fast chemical processes on the nanosecond time scale. Interestingly, in some radical pair systems, additional sharp features

A review of demodulation techniques for amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy

• Michael G. Ruppert,
• David M. Harcombe,
• Michael R. P. Ragazzon,
• S. O. Reza Moheimani and
• Andrew J. Fleming

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1407–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.142

• -conditioned for the use in an observer such as the Kalman filter, which requires an inversion. This problem is circumvented by applying a time-variant transformation with [44] such that a time-varying but numerically well-conditioned state-space representation is obtained. This constitutes the process model

Atomic structure of Mg-based metallic glass investigated with neutron diffraction, reverse Monte Carlo modeling and electron microscopy

• Rafał Babilas,
• Dariusz Łukowiec and
• Laszlo Temleitner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1174–1182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.119

• samples was characterized by high-energy X-ray and neutron diffraction as well as the EXAFS method. The obtained experimental data were fitted by RMC modeling. Also, Gao et al. [11] used ab initio molecular dynamics to describe the atomic structure of a Mg65Cu25Y10 alloy during transformation from the

• structural transformation formed by heat treatment. The short-range order was described by distributions of the nearest-neighbor coordination number, which revealed the dominant coordination polyhedron. The coordination number distributions revealed that many types of cluster packing are possible. The N = 9

Enhanced catalytic activity without the use of an external light source using microwave-synthesized CuO nanopetals

• Govinda Lakhotiya,
• Sonal Bajaj,
• Arpan Kumar Nayak,
• Debabrata Pradhan,
• Pradip Tekade and
• Abhimanyu Rana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1167–1173, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.118

• provide the necessary thermal energy for the morphological transformation. This can be inferred on the basis of the similarity in the morphological parameters of both the nanostructures. The growth of these surfactant-free nanostructures depends on certain parameters, including the concentration of NaOH

Assembly of metallic nanoparticle arrays on glass via nanoimprinting and thin-film dewetting

• Sun-Kyu Lee,
• Sori Hwang,
• Yoon-Kee Kim and
• Yong-Jun Oh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1049–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.106

• there was some smoothing of the inverted pyramidal edges and corners. There was no modification of the pattern amplitude despite the shrinking during the transformation to silica. However, small cracks inevitably formed on the surface due to densification during the transformation (Figure 3, inset) To

Structural properties and thermal stability of cobalt- and chromium-doped α-MnO₂ nanorods

• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Polona Umek,
• Alexandre Gloter,
• Jana Padežnik Gomilšek and
• Peter Bukovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1032–1042, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.104

• [18]. In cryptomelane, the phase transformation MnO2→Mn2O3 is limited to a maximal temperature of 800–900 °C, indicating that K+ ions enhance the structural stability [17]. This is of great importance in some applications where local overheating could cause structural changes. In some cases, doped

• ]. Doping with Al3+ and Mg2+ also slightly increases the temperature of the thermal transformation of MnO2 to Mn2O3 (from 500 °C for undoped samples to 590 °C for doped ones), while chemical analysis showed an increased content of K+ ions in these samples. In contrast, doping with Cu2+ lowered the content

Needs and challenges for assessing the environmental impacts of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs)

• Michelle Romero-Franco,
• Hilary A. Godwin,
• Muhammad Bilal and
• Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 989–1014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.101

• (PECs) and transformation products and impurities; bioaccumulation; and effects/predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) [15][16] (see Figure 1). As a result, the implementation of RA for ENMs would be extremely costly and time consuming. Additionally, challenges such as the lack of information on

• subject of assessing the potential health and environmental impacts of nanomaterials [42]. CEA recommends following a traditional risk assessment process [18], but stresses the need for considering the complete product lifecycle, transport and transformation in the environment, and exposure potential or

Bio-inspired micro-to-nanoporous polymers with tunable stiffness

• Julia Syurik,
• Ruth Schwaiger,
• Prerna Sudera,
• Stephan Weyand,
• Siegbert Johnsen,
• Gabriele Wiegand and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 906–914, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.92

• MMA monomer elements. During the process of saturation with SC-CO2, the PMMA chains undergo a transformation from a coil shape to a globule shape and back to the coil shape after foaming [39]. Assuming that the PMMA chains have the shape of a statistical coil, we calculated from volume considerations

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• Ni, Co and Fe [65]. The transformation of purely metallic catalysts into metal carbides with their subsequent decomposition before the nanotube growth was also observed by other authors [66][67][68][69]. This implies the decomposition of metal carbides as an elementary step of carbon nanotube

• [68], time-resolved XPS studies showed the formation of chemisorbed carbon on Fe catalyst and carbidic carbon before the nanotube growth, with their further transformation to sp2 graphitic carbon network. The question of the formation of the intermediate metastable carbidic phases during the nanotube

• growth was also actively debated. In the last decades, it was reported that metal nanoparticles can undergo partial carburization, i.e., the chemical transformation of metal into metal carbide, and subsequent reverse decomposition during the synthesis of carbon filaments and nanotubes by the catalytic

3D Nanoprinting via laser-assisted electron beam induced deposition: growth kinetics, enhanced purity, and electrical resistivity

• Brett B. Lewis,
• Robert Winkler,
• Xiahan Sang,
• Pushpa R. Pudasaini,
• Michael G. Stanford,
• Harald Plank,
• Raymond R. Unocic,
• Jason D. Fowlkes and
• Philip D. Rack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 801–812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.83

• resemble that of amorphous carbon [68]. Following the laser treatment, the characteristic π* and σ* peaks have sharper spectral features, indicating that the carbon has been transformed from amorphous to graphitic. The laser treatment thus induces C phase transformation from amorphous to graphite, which is

• consistent with other higher temperature studies [69][70] involving EBID carbon. Electrical measurements The resistivity of patterned nanobridges was measured to correlate the standard EBID growth conditions as well as the observed Pt grain coarsening and carbon reduction/transformation for the LAEBID growth

Recombinant DNA technology and click chemistry: a powerful combination for generating a hybrid elastin-like-statherin hydrogel to control calcium phosphate mineralization

• Mohamed Hamed Misbah,
• Mercedes Santos,
• Luis Quintanilla,
• Christina Günter,
• Matilde Alonso,
• Andreas Taubert and
• José Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 772–783, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.80

• in their respective Mw in the MALDI-TOF-MS spectra (Supporting Information File 1, Figures S1, S3), and a characteristic absorption band at 2100 cm−1 in their ATR-IR spectra (Supporting Information File 1, Figures S2, S4) [46]. Chemical transformation of the ε-amine into the respective cyclooctyne

• IK24 hydrogel than in the H3AH3 hydrogel (functionalized with SNA15), suggesting that SNA15 inhibits the spontaneous transformation of ACP into the crystalline phase. This behavior may be related to the CP morphologies generated by this family of ELRs at soluble state. In a previous study [13], the

• building block H3 [(IK)2-SNA15-(IK)2] inhibits the transformation of ACP into the crystalline phase in solution, thus giving rise to the formation of a neuron-like morphology. In the confined state (IK24 and H3AH3 hydrogels in the current work) this effect seems to be observed after incubation for 4 days