Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• delivery but also enhances stability and biocompatibility. Recently, Shang et al. used a Au/Cu1.6O/P–C3N5/Arg@HA nanocomposite hydrogel spray coupled with ultrasound for diabetic wound healing (Figure 4) [162]. This nanocomposite spray exhibited five types of enzyme-like activities, that is, CAT-, SOD

Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable metal crack strain sensor based on helical polydimethylsiloxane

• Shangbi Chen,
• Dewen Liu,
• Weiwei Chen,
• Huajiang Chen,
• Jiawei Li and
• Jinfang Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 270–278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.25

• successfully retrieved by peeling it off from the screw. In order to eliminate the contaminants from the surface of the helically structured PDMS, a 10 min ultrasound treatment in absolute alcohol was employed, followed by drying in a sterile oven. Prior to the Au deposition, the outer surface of the helically

Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo₂O₄ on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

• Sylwia Pawłowska,
• Karolina Cysewska,
• Yasamin Ziai,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

• (Figure 2c,f, and i). The average diameter of the used commercial MnCo2O4 particles after 0.5 h in an ultrasound bath was 204.5 ± 92.9 nm [46]. Also, their arrangement seems to be much more homogeneous than that in the case of composites with a lower concentration of cCB particles. The dispersion of the

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• spectroscopy (SERS), fluorescence, ultrasound, and photothermal methods, have been tried in LFAs [4][13][14]. For example, fluorescence-based LFAs exhibited a 100- to 1000-fold higher sensitivity than conventional LFAs [15]. However, working with fluorescence-based LFAs is complex because of photoinstability

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• -called high-energy methods (also called work-based methods [5]), this energy is supplied by external mechanical means, such as in high-pressure homogenizers or from ultrasound devices, with high dissipation (mostly in the form of heat) and, therefore, low energy efficiencies. In contrast, the so-called

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• . The final product might have some impurities, relatively large particles, and only a small degree of homogeneity. Large volumes of nanopowder can be produced using a relatively simple apparatus via solid-state routes. Wet-chemical methods (such as electrospinning, sol–gel, hydrothermal, ultrasound, co

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• ., ultrasound, light, radiofrequency, microwave, and magnetic field energy) into heat and increase the temperature in tumor tissues [93][94]. Cancer cells are more sensitive to heating than normal cells. As a result, apoptosis of cancer cells is greater than that of normal tissue when heated above 40 °C [79][95

• in mice treated with bare NPs began to gradually increase in size after day 12 of treatment, whereas the biomimetic NPs still exhibited efficient antitumor effects [80]. In contrast to the poor tissue penetration of PDT, ultrasound-based sonodynamic therapy (SDT) shows stronger tissue penetration

• [111]. After absorbing energy, the ultrasound sensitizer exerts antitumor efficacy through various pathways, such as ROS generation, mechanical effects, thermal effects, and immune system-oriented efficacy [111][112]. Based on the diverse functions of SDT, Luo et al. synthesized porphyrin-based metal

A TiO₂@MWCNTs nanocomposite photoanode for solar-driven water splitting

• Anh Quynh Huu Le,
• Ngoc Nhu Thi Nguyen,
• Hai Duy Tran,
• Van-Huy Nguyen and
• Le-Hai Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1520–1530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.125

• g of MWCNTs are added to 25 mL of TiCl4 in a glass beaker under an inert atmosphere. Following, MWCNTs are dispersed in TiCl4 under ultrasound for 15 min. After that, an excessive amount of deionized water is slowly dropped into the mixture. Then, the obtained solid phase is filtered and washed with

• × 3 mm3 of width × height × thickness) as the support for the electrode is immersed in the as-prepared mixture. The catalyst mixture is assembled on the plastic bar under ultrasound for 1 min. Finally, the photoelectrochemical electrode is obtained after drying at 60 °C for 15 min. TiO2@MWCNTs

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• sphere running on a hardened steel plate. Note that initially a sapphire plate was used. However, we found the plate cracked after a few days of piezo motor operation, presumably caused from an ultrasound-actuated contact resonance of the Al2O3 sphere on the sapphire plate arising from the triangular

Reliable fabrication of transparent conducting films by cascade centrifugation and Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of electrochemically exfoliated graphene

• Teodora Vićentić,
• Stevan Andrić,
• Vladimir Rajić and
• Marko Spasenović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 666–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.58

• break van der Waals forces, leading to exfoliation [20]. Electrochemical exfoliation offers an alternative to LPE that is both scalable and widely available. It has been used to make graphene for various applications, including energy storage [21][22]. Both ultrasound-assisted LPE and electrochemical

• cascade centrifugation can be used as a common method for the separation of graphene particles by size, in the case of ultrasound-assisted liquid-phase exfoliated graphene. In this paper, we demonstrated that cascade centrifugation of electrochemically exfoliated graphene can be used in conjunction with

Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoqiong Tang,
• Yan Zhang,
• Jiangbing Mao,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47

• pancreatic and hepatocellular carcinoma have also found that a stiffer ECM promotes EMT [13][14]. Therefore, the study of ECM stiffness has important implications for tumour metastasis. For prostate cancer, the current clinical approach to improving the positive biopsy rate is to incorporate ultrasound

• pathological diagnosis of transrectal ultrasound biopsy, suggesting that changes in the mechanical properties of prostate cancer tissue are closely related to tumour metastasis [20]. However, the relationship between the regulation of cellular behaviour by the extracellular environment and the mechanical

Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis

• Camila Felix Vecchi,
• Rafaela Said dos Santos,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 503–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.42

• replicas of this master structure. For the preparation of the PDMS mold, suitable amounts of the catalyst agent and the silicone base were mixed, in a proportion of 1:6, using a beaker and taken to ultrasound for 5 min. Afterwards, the mixture was poured into 12-well plates and taken to ultrasound for

• another 5 min. The microneedle cartridge was inserted into the mixture and placed under ultrasound for 5 min to remove all air bubbles. The plate containing the silicone and the microneedle cartridge was placed in a vacuum desiccator for silicone curing. After 24 h, the cartridge was carefully removed and

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• hindrance inside the tubular structure. This stage of drug release is known as sustained release. The controlled release of drugs is triggered by various external or internal stimuli. Changes in pH value, redox reactions, and enzyme activity are internal stimuli, while light, magnetic fields, and ultrasound

• conversion agent. Following ultrasound (US) irradiation, the oxygen-deficient TiO2−x layer with numerous defects facilitates and accelerates the separation of electrons and holes, resulting in a high quantum yield of ROS for tumor eradication. Both in vitro cell-level and systematic in vivo studies of tumor

• the effective treatment of cancer cells. Although conventional ultrasound treatment penetrates deeper in biological tissue and is non-radiative, it has a low tissue attenuation coefficient. Hence, an alternative therapy was developed combining both sonosensitizers and ultrasound techniques. You et al

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

• Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
• Norma J. Salazar-López,
• Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
• José R. Vega-Baudrit,
• J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
• Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
• Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
• Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
• Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

• , or ultrasound) [11][12]. Since exogenous stimuli are precisely controlled by the researcher, they can be used to optimize cellular delivery and dose, thus, they will be the main focus of the present work. However, it should be mentioned that those that respond to exogenous stimuli do have some

• respond to various external stimuli such as light [125], magnetic fields [126], ultrasound [127] and electric fields [128], or magnetic nanocarriers that respond to changes in pH by increasing the selectivity of the release site [129]. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP). Magnetic nanoparticles contain molecules

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• . Microneedle patches, for example, could bring significant benefits from both patient and health professional perspectives due to reduced discomfort and enhanced convenience of application. In comparison to other microporation techniques such as ultrasound, thermal, electroporation, high-pressure needle-free

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

• , pH changes, temperature changes) or external (light, heat, magnetic fields, ultrasound). Theranostic nanomaterials can respond by producing an imaging signal and/or a therapeutic effect, which frequently involves cell death. Since ultrasound (US) is already well established as a clinical imaging

• therapy; sonoporation; theranostics; ultrasound; ultrasound responsive nanomaterials; Review Introduction Smart drug delivery vehicles It is well known that the administration of most anticancer drugs can produce considerable systemic toxicity, which in some cases can be dose-limiting. Whether oral

• temperature, pH, enzyme, redox potential, ionic strength, or solvent composition of the media. Other stimuli are external, such as heat, light, electric field, magnetic field, or ultrasound (US) [5][6][7]. Designing such single, dual, or multi-stimulus-responsive smart delivery vehicles provides an

Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

• Ke Xu and
• Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

• standard photolithography process. When the actuator is stimulated by laser pulses, it will bend and make the robot walk. The research of this technology provides an extremely powerful theoretical basis for the manufacture of actuators in the future. Acoustic field actuation Ultrasound is sound with a

• using continuous or pulsed ultrasound. In addition, the motion of the metal rod actuated by ultrasound is not sensitive to the addition of salt in the solution, which makes it possible to use ultrasound to actuate and control metal micro/nanorobots in biological media. Lee et al. [35] proposed a new

• the possibility to apply accurate drug delivery in peripheral blood vessels. Valdez‐Garduño et al. [36] proposed a new method that uses an external magnetic field to fix the direction of a micromotor and converts the ultrasound-induced oscillation motion of a Janus microstructure with asymmetric

Stability and activity of platinum nanoparticles in the oxygen electroreduction reaction: is size or uniformity of primary importance?

• Kirill O. Paperzh,
• Anastasia A. Alekseenko,
• Vadim A. Volochaev,
• Ilya V. Pankov,
• Olga A. Safronenko and
• Vladimir E. Guterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 593–606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.49

• of ethylene glycol, homogenized by ultrasound for 10 min, and then stirred on a magnetic stirrer for 15 min. Then, without stopping stirring, a water solution of H2PtCl6 (TU 2612-034-00205067-2003, Pt mass fraction of 37.6%, Aurat, Russia) was introduced into the suspension and the pH was adjusted to

• distributions were also studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM images were obtained using a JEOL JEM F200 microscope (voltage 200 kV, current 12–15 μA, CFEG). To prepare a sample for measurements, 0.5 mg of the catalyst was placed into 1 mL of isopropanol and dispersed by ultrasound for 10

• suspension of Pt/C catalysts (i.e., "catalytic ink"), 900 μL of isopropyl alcohol and 100 μL of a 0.5% aqueous emulsion of Nafion® polymer were added to 6 mg of each sample. Then, the suspension was dispersed with ultrasound for 15 min. Under continuous stirring, an aliquot of “ink” of 6 μL in volume was

Doxorubicin-loaded gold nanorods: a multifunctional chemo-photothermal nanoplatform for cancer management

• Uzma Azeem Awan,
• Abida Raza,
• Shaukat Ali,
• Rida Fatima Saeed and
• Nosheen Akhtar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 295–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.24

• be obtained by utilizing external stimuli, such as pH value, light, or ultrasound, to deliver the anti-cancerous drug into tumor tissue with spatial and temporal control [14]. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is an emerging minimally invasive cancer therapy. It can efficiently induce cytotoxicity by

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• convenient method for growing NPs. By varying the synthesis parameters, a variety of nanostructures, such as spherical CeO2 NPs [61], lamellar MgO NPs [62], and even ZnO nanorods [69] can be obtained by using this method. In the sonochemical synthesis method, a high-intensity ultrasound produces an acoustic

Electrochemical nanostructuring of (111) oriented GaAs crystals: from porous structures to nanowires

• Elena I. Monaico,
• Eduard V. Monaico,
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki,
• Shashank Honnali,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Karin Leistner,
• Kornelius Nielsch and
• Ion M. Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 966–975, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.81

• ). After the formation of nanowires via anodization, the GaAs substrates were treated in an ultrasound bath for 15 s in ethanol. Subsequently, a few drops of the ethanol suspension containing nanowires were deposited on a glass substrate followed by a gentle blow drying to remove the ethanol. A double

Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design

• Sonia M. Lombardo,
• Marc Schneider,
• Akif E. Türeli and
• Nazende Günday Türeli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72

• increase the permeability of the BBB by reversible disruption, either by the use of osmotic agents such as hyperosmolar mannitol injection [18] or physical methods such as ultrasound [19][20]. However, as the BBB is one of the main protection mechanism of the brain against neurotoxins, disrupting it might

Silver-decorated gel-shell nanobeads: physicochemical characterization and evaluation of antibacterial properties

• Marta Bartel,
• Katarzyna Markowska,
• Marcin Strawski,
• Krystyna Wolska and
• Maciej Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 620–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.49

• sulfonated nanobeads. The beads were mixed with 150 µL aqueous AgNO3 solution (0.0125 M) for ca. 30 min followed by the addition of 150 µL of a freshly prepared aqueous solution of NaBH4 (0.075 M) and PVP (40 mg/mL). Subsequently, this mixture was kept at 55 °C and stirred using ultrasound for 30 min. The

• an aqueous solution of AgNO3 (0.0125 M). Then, the mixture was kept at 55 °C and stirred using ultrasound for 30 min. The obtained product was collected by centrifugation (13400 rpm, 12100g, 5 min), and washed several times with deionized water. Antibacterial activity: The antibacterial activity was

Examination of the relationship between viscoelastic properties and the invasion of ovarian cancer cells by atomic force microscopy

• Mengdan Chen,
• Jinshu Zeng,
• Weiwei Ruan,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Shusen Xie,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 568–582, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.45

• , China Department of Ultrasound Medical, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China 10.3762/bjnano.11.45 Abstract