Cathodoluminescence as a probe of the optical properties of resonant apertures in a metallic film

• Kalpana Singh,
• Evgeniy Panchenko,
• Babak Nasr,
• Amelia Liu,
• Lukas Wesemann,
• Timothy J. Davis and
• Ann Roberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1491–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.140

• thick gold film on a silicon substrate. They showed that there was excitation of a magnetic mode of the aperture when excited near the edge of the aperture. Van de Haar et al. [55] also investigated a metamaterial consisting of a periodic array of metal–insulator–metal coaxial waveguides filled with Si

Surface characterization of nanoparticles using near-field light scattering

• Eunsoo Yoo,
• Yizhong Liu,
• Chukwuazam A. Nwasike,
• Sebastian R. Freeman,
• Brian C. DiPaolo,
• Bernardo Cordovez and
• Amber L. Doiron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1228–1238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.114

• PEG-SPIOs and IPC-SPIOs, so we measured these particles in water. Waveguide and microfluidic chip As previously described by Kong et al., the microfluidic chips are 1 cm2 silicon substrates with silicon nitride (Si3N4) waveguides patterned by standard microfabrication techniques [38]. The waveguide is

• , permitting interaction between the samples and exposed waveguide. Each chip is comprised of three waveguides, which allows for experimental redundancy. The distance between each waveguide at the input edge is 1 mm and after the experiment window, the waveguide converges to a corner of the chip near the

• output edge where transmitted light is collected by a photodetector. Three polarization-maintaining optical fibers are supported by a silicon v-groove array and are optically aligned to the three waveguides permanently bonded to the chips. Each chip has two through-holes for fluidic access. Fluid lines

Field-controlled ultrafast magnetization dynamics in two-dimensional nanoscale ferromagnetic antidot arrays

• Anulekha De,
• Sucheta Mondal,
• Sourav Sahoo,
• Saswati Barman,
• Yoshichika Otani,
• Rajib Kumar Mitra and
• Anjan Barman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1123–1134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.104

• , effective media for SW propagation due to the larger propagation velocity (steeper dispersion) than nanodot lattices. They find potential applications in magneto-photonic crystals [9], ultrahigh density data storage media [10], frequency-based magnetic nanoparticle detectors [11], waveguides for SWs [12][13

Room-temperature single-photon emitters in titanium dioxide optical defects

• Kelvin Chung,
• Yu H. Leung,
• Chap H. To,
• Aleksandra B. Djurišić and
• Snjezana Tomljenovic-Hanic

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1085–1094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.100

• production cost is low and it is used as a white pigment in foods, cosmetics [12], textiles [13] and paints [14]. It has a relatively high refractive index of 2.3 at 550 nm [15] and recent work demonstrated its potential applications as novel optical material for waveguides and resonators [16][17][18][19][20

Fixation mechanisms of nanoparticles on substrates by electron beam irradiation

• Daichi Morioka,
• Tomohiro Nose,
• Taiki Chikuta,
• Kazutaka Mitsuishi and
• Masayuki Shimojo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1523–1529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.153

• -1 Sengen, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan 10.3762/bjnano.8.153 Abstract For applications such as the fabrication of plasmonic waveguides we developed a patterning technique to fabricate an array of nanoparticles on a substrate using focused electron beams (Noriki, T.; Abe, S.;.Kajikawa, K.; Shimojo, M

• been attracting attention because these arrays and patterns offer unique electrical and optical properties. One of the applications of such nanostructure arrays is plasmonic waveguides, in which the energy of light propagates because of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect [1][2]. In

• particular, arrays of gold or silver nanostructures can be used for such waveguides, as nanostructures made of these materials interact with visible light. Such LSPR structures would make the development of smaller optical circuits and devices possible. Plasmon propagation through nanowires or rows of

Sub-nanosecond light-pulse generation with waveguide-coupled carbon nanotube transducers

• Felix Pyatkov,
• Svetlana Khasminskaya,
• Vadim Kovalyuk,
• Frank Hennrich,
• Manfred M. Kappes,
• Gregory N. Goltsman,
• Wolfram H. P. Pernice and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 38–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.5

• Physics, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.8.5 Abstract Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have recently been integrated into optical waveguides and operated as electrically-driven light emitters under constant electrical bias. Such devices are of interest for the conversion of fast

• waveguides [4][5][6] via electrically driven CNTs has been demonstrated. Very recently electroluminescent CNTs integrated into photonic circuits emerged as sources of non-classical light [7]. Besides electrical drive, optically stimulated light emission from CNTs coupled into waveguides [8] and to cavities

• waveguide, and metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) placed on top of the waveguide, bridging the contacts (Figure 1a). We use the design and fabrication approach for our samples that has been described in detail elsewhere [4]. Both electrodes and waveguides were defined using several steps of

Surface-enhanced infrared absorption studies towards a new optical biosensor

• Lothar Leidner,
• Julia Stäb,
• Jennifer T. Adam and
• Günter Gauglitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1736–1742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.166

• promising radiation sources, as well as future quantum cascade detectors (QCDs), new mid-infrared waveguides together with nanostructured surfaces utilizing the SEIRA effect establish a promising field of research in mid-infrared label-free sensing. Experimental RIfS set-up The mid-infrared spectra were

Tunable longitudinal modes in extended silver nanoparticle assemblies

• Serene S. Bayram,
• Klas Lindfors and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1219–1228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.113

• of photonic structures is essential to increase the sensitivity and speed of photonic devices [35][36]. Common dielectric waveguides are restricted by the diffraction limit of light, which, for visible light, is several hundreds of nanometres. For nanodevices, much smaller photonic elements are

Dielectrophoresis of gold nanoparticles conjugated to DNA origami structures

• Anja Henning-Knechtel,
• Matthew Wiens,
• Mathias Lakatos,
• Andreas Heerwig,
• Frieder Ostermaier,
• Nora Haufe and
• Michael Mertig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 948–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.87

• believe that this finding gives an alternative route for the construction of higher-order arrangements of DNA nanostructures. The DEP-based deposition of gold nanoparticle-functionalized DNA origami structures might be particularly suitable for the fabrication of long-distance plasmonic waveguides that

Highly compact refractive index sensor based on stripe waveguides for lab-on-a-chip sensing applications

• Chamanei Perera,
• Kristy Vernon,
• Elliot Cheng,
• Juna Sathian,
• Esa Jaatinen and
• Timothy Davis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 751–757, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.66

• three nanoscale stripe waveguides. The sensor is highly compact and designed to operate at a single wavelength. We demonstrate that the sensor exhibits linear response with a resolution of 6 × 10−4 RIU (refractive index unit) for a change in relative output intensity of 1%. Authors expect that the

• outcome of this paper will prove beneficial in highly compact, label-free and highly sensitive refractive index analysis. Keywords: interferometer; sensing; surface plasmons; waveguides; Introduction Plasmons are coherent oscillations of free electrons existing on metal dielectric interfaces and are

• waveguides in the proposed design were supporting long-range surface plasmon polaritons (LRSPPs). The design consisted of four stripes in total. Light coupled into the sensor using the input arm with the generated LRSPP travelling along the input arm before coupling into the two outer reference and sample

Fabrication and properties of luminescence polymer composites with erbium/ytterbium oxides and gold nanoparticles

• Julia A. Burunkova,
• Ihor Yu. Denisiuk,
• Dmitri I. Zhuk,
• Lajos Daroczi,
• Attila Csik,
• István Csarnovics and
• Sándor Kokenyesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 630–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.55

• interaction length of about 5 mm, which is sufficient for applications in integrated optics. It is an important task to create such functional materials with high concentrations of Er for waveguides of integrated optical systems that can realize amplification in a few millimeters long waveguide instead of

Linear and nonlinear optical properties of hybrid metallic–dielectric plasmonic nanoantennas

• Mario Hentschel,
• Bernd Metzger,
• Bastian Knabe,
• Karsten Buse and
• Harald Giessen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 111–120, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.13

• , Utikal et al. [61] buried gold gratings within dielectric waveguides consisting of alumina, indium tin oxide, or tungsten trioxide, respectively, and studied the third harmonic spectra. They found that the overall signal is generated not only by the gold itself, but by the dielectric waveguide as well

• triangles [58]. Here, the monolayers are the source of the signal, rather than the silver triangles themselves. The main hurdle, however, is the weak nonlinearity of dielectrics when compared with noble metals, such as gold or silver. Nonlinear waveguides are thus a doubly smart choice, as the waveguide

Mapping bound plasmon propagation on a nanoscale stripe waveguide using quantum dots: influence of spacer layer thickness

• Chamanei S. Perera,
• Alison M. Funston,
• Han-Hao Cheng and
• Kristy C. Vernon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2046–2051, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.208

• for the stripe waveguides was found to be around 20 nm. Authors believe that the findings of this paper prove beneficial for the development of plasmonic devices utilising stripe waveguides. Keywords: photoluminescence; plasmonics; quantum dot; spacer layer; stripe waveguide; Introduction Plasmons

• miniaturised devices, and plasmonics is a possible solution that can provide both the high speed and miniaturisation [2][3]. Plasmonics enables the squeezing of optical waves into miniscule structures and manipulating these waves to achieve all-optical circuits. Metal waveguides are a popular method to route

• light in nanoscale all-optical circuitry. Of all the waveguides, stripe waveguides are popular due to their ease of fabrication as well as the ability to support plasmon modes having relatively high propagation lengths [4][5]. These special modes are called long range surface plasmon polaritons (LRSPPs

Attenuation, dispersion and nonlinearity effects in graphene-based waveguides

• Almir Wirth Lima Jr.,
• João Cesar Moura Mota and
• Antonio Sergio Bezerra Sombra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1221–1228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.125

• 10.3762/bjnano.6.125 Abstract We simulated and analyzed in detail the behavior of ultrashort optical pulses, which are typically used in telecommunications, propagating through graphene-based nanoribbon waveguides. In this work, we showed the changes that occur in the Gaussian and hyperbolic secant input

• nanophotonics waveguides, this study was focused on the simulation and analysis of the attenuation, dispersion and nonlinear effects occurring in signals propagating through a graphene-based waveguide. We considered a graphene nanoribbon located between similar dielectric layers, as will be described further

• . Previous reports illustrated several details regarding these waveguides [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]; however, the attenuation, dispersion and nonlinear effects were not focused on in detail. Given that graphene surface plasmon polaritons (GSPPs) are highly confined in graphene nanoribbons acting as waveguides

Patterning technique for gold nanoparticles on substrates using a focused electron beam

• Takahiro Noriki,
• Shogo Abe,
• Kotaro Kajikawa and
• Masayuki Shimojo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1010–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.104

• substrate. This technique could contribute to the fabrication of plasmonic devices and other applications that require the controlled placement of gold nanoparticles on substrates. Keywords: electron beam; gold; nanoparticle array; Introduction Plasmonic waveguides and circuits utilizing localized surface

• or through rows of particles due to the LSPR effect. Gold and silver nanowires or particles can be used for such waveguides, as these materials interact with visible light. Plasmon propagation through nanowires has been experimentally investigated. Sanders et al. [3] showed the propagation of

• , while most particles were washed away outside of the irradiated area. This patterning process for nanoparticles, which combines both chemical and electron beam techniques, could contribute to the fabrication of single electron transistors [14], Fano resonance devices [15] and plasmonic waveguides, as

Hollow plasmonic antennas for broadband SERS spectroscopy

• Gabriele C. Messina,
• Mario Malerba,
• Pierfrancesco Zilio,
• Ermanno Miele,
• Michele Dipalo,
• Lorenzo Ferrara and
• Francesco De Angelis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 492–498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.50

• based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement [1][2][3], fluorescence [4][5], the surface plasmon resonance effect [6][7], mapping and imaging [8][9][10], to nanotechnology, with several works related to nanolithography [11][12], nanofocusing [13][14], nanolasers [15][16], waveguides [17

Self-organization of mesoscopic silver wires by electrochemical deposition

• Sheng Zhong,
• Thomas Koch,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Harald Rösner,
• Eberhard Nold,
• Aaron Kobler,
• Torsten Scherer,
• Di Wang,
• Christian Kübel,
• Mu Wang,
• Horst Hahn and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1285–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.142

• with incident electromagnetic waves at specific frequencies and induce a collective resonant absorption on the surface known as surface plasmon resonance [21]. Because of this feature, noble metals can serve as plasmon waveguides [22][23]. Especially, single-crystalline metallic materials are preferred

k-space imaging of the eigenmodes of sharp gold tapers for scanning near-field optical microscopy

• Martin Esmann,
• Simon F. Becker,
• Bernard B. da Cunha,
• Jens H. Brauer,
• Ralf Vogelgesang,
• Petra Groß and
• Christoph Lienau

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 603–610, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.67

• its adiabatic limit, i.e., for waveguides with gradually (adiabatically) varying cross-section, for which reflection-free SPP propagation and efficient transformation are predicted [6]. This gives rise to a new class of probes in apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) that focus

3D nano-structures for laser nano-manipulation

• Gediminas Seniutinas,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Gediminas Gervinskas,
• Etienne Brasselet and
• Saulius Juodkazis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 534–541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.62

• from the device, which provides access to the object from all directions. This technique has been employed with photonic crystals to trap spheres in nano-cavities [10] and to control the translation and the rotation of nano-rods by using resonators etched in waveguides [11]. SIBA trapping and slot

Grating-assisted coupling to nanophotonic circuits in microcrystalline diamond thin films

• Patrik Rath,
• Svetlana Khasminskaya,
• Christoph Nebel,
• Christoph Wild and
• Wolfram H.P. Pernice

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 300–305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.33

• suitable waveguides, single-crystal diamond foils are transferred onto oxidized silicon carrier wafers and subsequently etched down to the target thickness of a few hundred nanometres. This elaborate procedure inherently limits the size of the available substrates (and thus also the later photonic devices

• that the etch recipe is indeed highly anisotropic. Also visible in the image is the residual e-beam resist (labelled HSQ for Hydrogen silsesquioxane) on top of the waveguide. Design of focussing grating couplers We fabricate nanophotonic waveguides with a width of 1000 nm using the procedure outlined

• above. Here we employ partially etched ridge waveguides as shown in the image in Figure 1b. By using such a waveguide geometry, the optical mode is confined more deeply into the diamond thin film compared to fully etched strip waveguides. This way, scattering effects due to the remaining surface