Visualizing nanostructures in supramolecular hydrogels: a correlative study using confocal and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy

• Shaun M. Smith,
• Ferdinando Malagreca,
• Jacqueline Hicks,
• Giuseppe Mantovani,
• David B. Amabilino,
• Christopher Parmenter and
• Lluïsa Pérez-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2274–2284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.156

• visualization of the native fibrous network. These results demonstrate the complementary nature of CLSM and cryo-SEM and highlight the value of cryo-SEM as a very useful tool for imaging soft nanomaterials with low fluorescence or limited optical contrast. Keywords: anion binding; colloid; fluorophore

• [11]. Cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) bypasses many of these resolution limits by preserving the hydrogel through rapid freezing and subsequent fracture, thereby maintaining native-like morphology in the microscope in the form of a xerogel (no solvent) nature [12][13][14]. High

• , sublimation, and sputter coating) can introduce artefacts if not carefully optimized [15]. Refining cryo-SEM protocols to mitigate freezing artefacts and capture near-native hydrogel features has been carried out to counter these potential anomalies [16]. Complementary studies of soft materials using various

Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• century [3]. They are investigated, for example, regarding drug delivery [4], but they are also parts of actual products, for example, of sensors [5]. All this is based on the ease of synthesis, chemical stability, size tuneability, and unique optical properties [6]. The extreme dependence of the

Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• utilized only within the last century. In fact, several remarkable works and historical examples are well documented and discussed in the literature [1][2][3]. But the true turning point for nanoscience came in 1959, when physicist Richard Feynman delivered his seminal lecture, “There’s Plenty of Room at

• are now accessible for real-world technological applications. In addition, nanoscience has initiated several new areas in fundamental physics and molecular dynamics, representing a profound scientific achievement of the 21st century [12]. It is noteworthy that these developments have strongly

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• mammals being exposed to tainted prey, which might have implications at the ecosystem level. The occurrence of MPs in freshwater fauna of the Himalayas also implies that native human populations dependent upon fish as food could be endangered by MP ingestion. 7.2 Toxicity from plastic additives and

The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material

• Emilie Duthoo,
• Aurélie Lambert,
• Pierre Becker,
• Carla Pugliese,
• Jean-Marc Baele,
• Arnaud Delfairière,
• Matthew J. Harrington and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138

• underwater adhesive materials for various applications, particularly in the industrial and biomedical fields [3][4]. Polychaetes of the family Sabellariidae are one of the model organisms that have been studied extensively for their adhesion and have fascinated researchers since the 18th century [5]. Two

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• ][41][42]. Aedes aegypti is a species of mosquito of the Culicidae family, order Diptera, native to Africa and distributed throughout various regions of the world. This extensive distribution occurs due to the sum of several factors, such as dispersion favored by high temperatures and high humidity

• decrease in cellular proliferation was evidenced. De Sousa dos Santos et al. (2024) investigated the larvicidal effects of a nanoemulsion containing essential oil from Ocimum basilicum [76]. This species is known as basil or alfavaca and it is native to tropical regions of Africa and Asia [110]. It

• oil of Ocotea indecora leaves and evaluated the larvicidal activity against Ae. Aegypti [113]. This species is an endemic plant native to Brazil found in the remaining Atlantic Forest in the southern and southeastern regions of Brazil [113][114]. Among these metabolites, there are reports of

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• cp19k lost adhesion at high pH/high salt concentration [29]. The same authors reported that pre-assembled aggregates of cp19k were more stable and exhibited enhanced adhesion at high pH [29], while in our work, samples that were incubated for 21 days under native gland-like conditions forming thin

• even no granular staining. We hypothesise that these curled fibres formed under non-native like conditions hold no adhesion value. In order to mimic the natural process by which cp19k protein is synthesised and possibly forms fibrils in a low pH/high salt concentration gland environment, before

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• scoping review. Acknowledgements To improve the clarity and fluency of the English writing, we used the assistance of ChatGPT-4.1, a large language model developed by OpenAI. As non-native English speakers, this tool supported us in refining the textual coherence of the manuscript. Nonetheless, all

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• ) selection, synthesis, and technical details of aptamers and their applications are described in detail in the article. The exclusion criteria are: (1) review, letter, news; (2) comment of a conference or seminar; (3) case report; or (4) irrelevant research topic of the article. Eventually, 17 original

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• only at the turn of the century that APXPS instruments were developed, thanks to the high flux of the third and then, particularly, fourth generation of synchrotron radiation light sources. At the same time, the development of differentially pumped electron energy analyzers (EEA) with higher

• ]. Four InAs samples with varying native (samples A, B, and C) or thermal oxide (sample G) layers were exposed to TDMAHf at ~200 °C under ~10−3 mbar pressure. Results showed that TDMAHf interacts with the surface oxide to produce HfO2 already in the first half-cycle, a “self-cleaning” effect that removes

• native oxides from InAs and transfers oxygen to Hf. The resulting interface contained an In–O–Hf layer limited to approximately one monolayer. The second half-cycle is often done using water as the co-reactant and is the principal source of oxygen for the creation of HfO2 in the later ALD cycles. Figure

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• biotechnology have further enabled the development of genetically modified organisms to enhance MP degradation. However, a significant concern with microbial biodegradation is the potential ecological impact of introducing these organisms into non-native environments, which may lead to unforeseen consequences

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• “Social Sciences Citation Index” (SSCI), “Social Science Information” (SCI), and “Arts and Humanities Citation Index” (AHCI) ensures objectivity and scientific rigor, minimizing subjective biases and providing a broad perspective on research directions. Thus, this study aims to (i) identify key research

• frequently referenced topics, providing macroscopic visualization rather than in-depth insights into specific research domains. Additionally, despite the support of specialized bibliometric software, the potential for subjective biases remains a concern, necessitating a critical and contextualized

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• : antimicrobial resistance; biocompatibility; metalloantibiotics; nanocarriers; targeted delivery; Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the condition that bacteria no longer respond to drugs used to treat infections, has become one of the biggest public health challenges of the 21st century. According to

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• Brazil. A. aculeata stands out for its wide geographic distribution, being native to tropical forests [1][2]. Its rounded fruits present sensory attractions, such as color, distinctive and intense flavor, and aroma. They are traditionally consumed by the native population, occupying an important place in

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• -1950s and 1960s [1][2][3][4]. From the beginning, hydrogels composed of cross-linked acrylic acid were designed to release drugs into the body [5]. 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate was one of the first compounds used to build hydrogels as drug delivery systems (DDSs) [6]. Over the past century, hydrogels

Deep learning for enhancement of low-resolution and noisy scanning probe microscopy images

• Samuel Gelman,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Nir Kampf,
• Marek Patočka,
• Maricarmen Rios,
• Marcos Penedo,
• Georg Fantner,
• Amir Beker,
• Sidney R. Cohen and
• Ido Azuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1129–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.83

• in their reference images. Specifically, we calculated here the perceptual index (PI) [20], which combines no-reference image quality measures of Ma et al. [21], which relate to human subjective scoring of super-resolution (SR) images, and the Natural Image Quality Evaluator (NIQE) [22], a blind no

• assessments, a blind and subjective evaluation was conducted, polling AFM experts for their opinions on both image fidelity and image quality. Reference metrics The first comparison of the SR images to the GT references was to take the peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). This is done by taking the logarithm of

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• [120], fulfils this role. Similarly as Richard Feynman established the foundations of nanotechnology in the mid-20th century [121][122], Masakazu Aono proposed the concept of nanoarchitectonics [123][124] at the threshold between the 20th and 21st centuries. Nanoarchitectonics can be defined as the

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• study of metabolically active organelles [26]. Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) enables three-dimensional visualisation of living cells in their native state [27]. Pioneered by Hansma et al. [28], the method has been continuously refined since the 1990s [27][29][30]. SICM utilises a

• topography is acquired. SICM is particularly well suited for biological applications, as it is a non-contact method with minimal interaction forces, preserving the native state of the sample [27]. To date, SICM investigations of mitochondria have been limited to subsarcolemmal mitochondria, specifically in

• significant advance in imaging metabolically active organelles in their native environment with nanometer-scale resolution. The outer mitochondrial membrane appears largely “featureless” and smooth in these measurements. No detectable signatures of porins or other integral membrane proteins, which are present

Tendency in tip polarity changes in non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging on a fluorite surface

• Bob Kyeyune,
• Philipp Rahe and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 944–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.72

• . This particularly concerns the transfer of surface species to the tip when the tip is subject to intentional or unintentional contact with the surface. Furthermore, ambient species like native oxides, hydrogen ions, or residual water can adsorb on the tip apex during scanning. Additionally, the

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• ]. The presence of magnetic behavior in GVF further promotes the occurrence of iron oxide nanoparticles. Moreover, the low magnetic moment of GVF compared to that of native α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (mostly synthesized through the Fe-based aqueous salt) could account for the low levels of α-Fe2O3 formed

Focused ion beam-induced platinum deposition with a low-temperature cesium ion source

• Thomas Henning Loeber,
• Bert Laegel,
• Meltem Sezen,
• Feray Bakan Misirlioglu,
• Edgar J. D. Vredenbregt and
• Yang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 910–920, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.69

• density of 6 pA·μm−2 . Before deposition, a small part of the Si substrate was gently milled with the Cs+ FIB at 16 kV, such that any native oxide and other contaminations were completely removed at this location. With that, the influence of oxygen molecules on the deposited layer can be excluded. The

• layers, which have a length of 40 μm and a width 1 μm, were deposited across the boundary between the bare Si and the Si with its native oxide intact. A visual inspection with the SEM reveals surface bubbles on layers deposited at 2 and 5 kV (as shown in Figure 1a). No significant differences can be seen

• in the size or density of the bubbles when comparing depositions on Si (upper part) and Si with the native oxide layer (lower part). Similar to Rb+ FIBID-Pt discussed in [11], these bubbles appear after exposure of the samples to air (during the short transfer from the Cs+ FIB to the Ga+ FIB) and are

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• fluences, the density of electronic excitation increases, and covalent bonds in the lattice are weakened. This leads to relaxation, which causes surface smoothening. The stoichiometry of pristine and implanted samples evaluated using EDS analysis are shown in Table 6. Because of the native oxide layer on