Heterogeneous reactions in a HFCVD reactor: simulation using a 2D model

• Xochitl Aleyda Morán Martínez,
• José Alberto Luna López,
• Zaira Jocelyn Hernández Simón,
• Gabriel Omar Mendoza Conde,
• José Álvaro David Hernández de Luz and
• Godofredo García Salgado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.128

• ratio x = [O]/[Si], which is determined by controlling key parameters in the deposition process [2]. This ratio determines optical and electrical properties such as bandgap energy, absorption coefficient, photoluminescence, refractive index, and electrical conductivity [3]. SiOx cannot only be obtained

• atmospheric pressure. Table 1 summarizes the values of the parameters and dimensions complementary to the experimental conditions in the reactor for the deposition of SRO films previously described and depicted below in Figure 2 [24], as well as the corresponding boundary conditions. Theoretical and Numerical

• reactants, and x, y,… are the coefficients of the products. In the case of a set of reactions, the reaction rates rj (mol·m−3·s−1) can be described by the law of mass action given by Equation 2: where and refer to the forward and reverse rate constants, respectively. The concentration of species i is

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

• Hugo Felix Perini,
• Beatriz Sodré Matos,
• Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
• Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

• nanotechnology, introduced by Richard Feynman in 1959 during an American Physical Society meeting [1][2], involves the manipulation of matter at the atomic level. The term "nanometer" was initially proposed by Richard Zsigmondy in the context of measuring gold colloids. Nanotechnology is generally defined as the

• manipulation of matter on a nanoscale, typically ranging from 1 to 100 nm [2]. At this scale, nanoparticles can effectively interact with DNA and protein molecules [3][4]. Matter can exhibit distinct physical, chemical, and biological properties at the nanoscale compared to the macroscale, with significant

• -described for nanoparticles, and this process entails three steps: obtaining membrane-derived vesicles from a cellular source (1); generating the nanoparticles (2); and fusing the vesicles with the particles (3) [34][35][36][37]. Obtaining membrane vesicles requires the lysis of donor cells, necessitating

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• hydrophilic, three-dimensional (3D), polymeric networks able to absorb huge amounts of water [1][2][3]. This term refers perfectly to the mucilage envelope produced by many fruits and seeds (diaspores) of diverse plant taxa [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Mucilage is considered as a natural hydrogel and shares specific

• features with synthetic hydrogels [2][9][10][11]. Hydrogels are 3D networks of polymers (i.e., polysaccharides in plant seeds) interacting via chemical bonds (ionic and covalent), physical interactions (hydrogen bonds), or van der Waals forces [3][11][12]. The ability to produce the mucilage envelope is a

• ability to accumulate a large amount of water [2][6][16][23]. This is connected to many ecological advantages for the diaspores. The mucilage supports seed germination, dispersal, and various interactions with other organisms. It protects diaspores against digestion, pathogens, harvesting by ants, and

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• Biochemistry, Koryun St 2, Yerevan, Armenia Ghitu Institute of Electronic Engineering and Nanotechnologies of Technical University of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova 10.3762/bjnano.15.125 Abstract Thanks to their simple synthesis, controlled physical properties, and minimal toxicity, iron oxide nanoparticles

• , biochemistry, biophysics, and other disciplines within biology and medicine [1][2][3][4][5]. The development of nanotechnology has provided resources for various applications in the medical field, leading to significant advances in diagnosis, biological detection, therapy, and drug delivery [6][7][8][9]. An

• particles have been identified as 80–90% in the liver, 5–8% in the spleen, and 1–2% in the bone marrow [30]. One of the major organs where nanoparticles are likely to accumulate, depending on the route of administration, is the liver [31][32][33], where Kupffer cells can quickly uptake large nanoparticles

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• biomagnification [1]. Similarly, organic pollutants such as p-nitrophenol (P-NP), from agricultural and industrial processes, are of significant concern because of their toxicity and resistance to degradation [2]. Consequently, detection and removal of these contaminants have become crucial for environmental

• ), 1 mL AgNO3 (0.01 M), and 2 mL NaBH4 (0.001 M). The term “ʟ-car-AgNPs” is used throughout the article to refer to the synthesized silver nanoparticles collectively. Furthermore, nanopowders of the samples were prepared using 1 M NaCl solution via the precipitation method, and the obtained precipitate

• -aminophenol (P-AP) in the presence of nanoparticle catalyst and NaBH4. All catalysis experiments were performed at RT in a 3.5 mL quartz cuvette. The reagents were introduced in the sequence of 2 mL P-NP (0.25 mM or 1 mM), 1 mL of NaBH4 (100 mM), and 50 μL of ʟ-carnosine-capped AgNPs (1 ± 0.2 OD). The

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles derived from algae and their larvicidal properties to control Aedes aegypti

• Matheus Alves Siqueira de Assunção,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Mara Elga Medeiros Braga,
• Severino Alves Junior,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa,
• Herminio José Cipriano de Sousa and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1566–1575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.123

• the bite of hematophagous arthropods. Mosquitoes are the most important vectors of arboviroses [1], although many are maintained by ticks [2], phlebotomines [3], and other arthropods [4]. Arboviroses represent a major public health concern in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world [5]. Aedes

• . These compounds act by reducing Ag+ ions to Ag0 and stabilize nanoparticles by capping [58] (Figure 2). Larvicidal activity of AgNPs against Aedes aegypti Aedes aegypti, also known as the dengue mosquito, is a vector of important arboviruses, including Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya and Yellow Fever [6][59

• nanoparticles in controlling vector mosquitoes [62]. AgNPs synthesized from seaweed have been investigated as a vector control strategy based on their larvicidal properties. Table 2 summarizes data from bioassays with AgNPs synthesized from different species of seaweed against A. aegypti larvae. The mechanism

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• risen considerable interest in recent years because of its potential applications in various fields, including optics, camouflage, and solar energy harvesting [1][2]. These colors are characterized by their ability to reflect an exceptionally low amount of visible light. Inspired by several biological

• ]. Distinguished by its black integument adorned with contrasting patterns of black and white setae along its body (Figure 2), this species exhibits behavior akin to other females of the family. Frequently observed walking on exposed sandy soil, often in aggregations of bees (personal observation), T. bifurca also

• ]. For the thermal images, a velvet ant specimen was carefully positioned on a polystyrene plate, serving as a thermal insulator, and covered with a layer of sand measuring 2 cm in thickness. Using a Fluke TiS75+ Thermal Camera, thermal images were captured before, during, and after a controlled heating

The round-robin approach applied to nanoinformatics: consensus prediction of nanomaterials zeta potential

• Dimitra-Danai Varsou,
• Arkaprava Banerjee,
• Joyita Roy,
• Kunal Roy,
• Giannis Savvas,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Ewelina Wyrzykowska,
• Mateusz Balicki,
• Tomasz Puzyn,
• Georgia Melagraki,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1536–1553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.121

• effects. The integration of in silico new approach methodologies (NAMs) within the area of nanotechnology has created a plethora of possibilities for the assessment of NM properties and toxicity to support and/or substitute traditional experimental methodologies [2][3]. The field of nanoinformatics covers

• NMs and accelerate regulatory decision-making procedures [2][5][13]. An IATA scheme for the prediction of the short-term regional lung-deposited dose of inhaled inorganic NMs in humans following acute exposure and the longer-term NM biodistribution after inhalation, has already been presented [14

• . These metrics collectively provide a comprehensive assessment of model accuracy and reliability. The mean absolute error (MAE, Equation 1) and the root mean squared error (RMSE, Equation 2) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the models applied on both train and test sets. MAE measures the average

Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

• Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
• Tien Dat Doan,
• Huy Hieu Luu,
• Hoang Anh Nguyen,
• Thi Thu Ha Vu,
• Quang Hai Tran,
• Ha Tran Nguyen,
• Thanh Binh Dang,
• Thi Hai Yen Pham and
• Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

• extensively used in livestock and aquaculture as an antibacterial agent, showing high activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria [1][2]. ENR, like other fluoroquinolones, is used to treat susceptible bacteria responsible for infections of the skin and soft tissue. The overuse of ENR causes

• -based materials have been extensively studied [12][25][26][27][28]. A sensitive and simplified electrochemical sensor using a Cu3(BTC)2-modified carbon paste electrode for detecting 2,4-dichlorophenol was reported by Dong and his group [29]. Owing to the large specific surface area, high absorption

• capacity, and an acceptable efficacy of the electron transfer, Cu3(BTC)2 exhibited a good sensitivity to 2,4-dichlorophenol in the range from 0.04 to 1.00 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 9 nM in differential pulse voltammetry measurements. Moreover, the combination of metal oxides and MOFs showed better

Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies

• Fabio Le Piane,
• Mario Vozza,
• Matteo Baldoni and
• Francesco Mercuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119

• performance of materials before they are synthesized [1][2][3]. This approach enables the discovery of materials with, for example, improved mechanical strength, enhanced thermal conductivity, superior electrical properties, or other tailored characteristics. Simulations provide crucial insights at different

• technologies and a potential resulting workflow is depicted in Figure 2. The implementation of digital strategies for materials/nanomaterials development faces several key challenges that must be addressed for successful integration. One of the main issues is the availability and quality of data. Digital

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• involved in carcinogenic pathways, including Bcl-2, BAX, NF-κB, and mTOR, revealing significant outcomes for APN-PLHNPs. Overall, encapsulating APN in PLHNPs represents a promising approach to enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of APN against various diseases. Isoliquiritigenin Isoliquiritigenin (IQN) is a

• [2][3]. Although they are not essential nutrients like vitamins and minerals, phytochemicals play a crucial role in maintaining health and preventing disease. These compounds are broadly categorized into several classes, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, and glycosides

• ]. Once the PLHNPs are synthesized, their surface can be modified through various strategies. Figure 2 illustrates a comparison between conventional PLHNPs and surface-modified PLHNPs. The most common approach is the attachment of targeting ligands onto the PLHNPs’ surface. These ligands can include

Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

• Aram Shirinyan and
• Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

• , and cavities [1][2]. Experimental studies on Pd have shown that the defect density generally increases with grain size; in grains smaller than 30 nm, no defects were observed [3], suggesting that large defects (clusters and dislocations) do not exist in small nanoparticles. One possible explanation is

• based on the fact that the movement of dislocations is impeded by particle surfaces (grain boundaries) quite rapidly. For example, a transmission electron microscopy study (irradiation with Kr ions at 1 MeV at room temperature and an average defect generation rate of about 2 × 10−3 dpa·s−1) showed that

• cubic (bcc) Fe lattice it is about 1.5–2.0 eV; the energy of interstitial formation ranges from 2 to 4 eV. It is accepted that interstitials are mobile at room (low) temperature because of significantly less migration energies of 0.01–0.50 eV, whereas vacancies are mobile at very high temperatures

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study

• Kamal Kumar,
• Nora H. de Leeuw,
• Jost Adam and
• Abhishek Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116

• pliable displays and as strengthening material in composites [2][3][4]. It has also gained considerable attention among researchers for its application in hydrogen storage, owing to its good adsorption capacity and controllable storage and re-release of hydrogen at efficient temperatures [4][5]. The

• parameters, buckling heights, and electronic bandgap values of all strained structures in Table 2. Positive strain We applied positive strain toward deliberate expansion of the structure, particularly focusing on the lattice plane, varying its value from 1% to 17% (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1

• ). We observed that the positive strain fails to open the bandgap in ψ-graphene (Table 2). To comprehensively analyze the impact of this positive strain on the electrical properties of ψ-graphene, we have also plotted the PDOSs and the EBSs of all the strained structures of ψ-graphene in Figure S2 and

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• precursors that are transiently adsorbed on a substrate surface [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Charged-particle-induced deposition techniques offer control over process parameters such as particle position, energy, beam current, and flux, allowing for the formation of nanoscale patterns. Since they are direct-write

• transformations of precursor thin films. In this approach, the precursor is adsorbed onto a cooled substrate to form 1–2 nm thin films. The effects of ion beam exposure on the thin films are characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to identify changes in the films’ composition and chemical environment

• in the inset. The photoelectron spectra in Figure 2 display the C 1s, Cl 2p, and Pt 4f transitions of ≈2 nm thin films of Pt(CO)2Cl2 adsorbed at 230 K as a function of increasing ion dose (bottom to top). On the left-hand side the effect of Ar+ irradiation is shown, while on the right-hand side the

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• arranged in a certain direction. The periodicity is proportional to the wavelength of light that lies in its photonic bandgap (PBG) [1]. The presence of the PBG and the potential ability to tune its position to match specific frequencies is perhaps the most attractive quality of PhC [2]. The specific

• electromagnetic variational theory [56] tells that the low-frequency modes (band-1) concentrate their energy in the high-index region (TiO2 in TiO2/LN PhC (Figure 5c) and LN in SiO2/LN (Figure 6c)). The high-frequency modes (band-2) have a larger fraction of their energy in the low-index regions (LN in TiO2/LN

• value of upper band (band-2) edge at normalized wavevector k = 1. (c) Surface electric field distribution on a bilayer of PhC at the value of lower band (band-1) edge at normalized wavevector k = 1. Photonic band diagram of SiO2/LN: (a) 1st Brillouin zone of PhC under floquet periodic condition. (b

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• the brain controls most of the functions in the body, the spinal cord carries messages from the brain to the other parts of the body [1]. Like other systems and parts of the human body, the CNS is susceptible to various disorders [2]. CNS diseases are a group of challenging pathological conditions

• ]. These direct anatomical interactions make the olfactory region the primary target for N2B delivery and bypass the BBB [21][44]. However, some factors, such as high mucociliary clearance and short retention time, small dosage volume, and the need for a drug delivery device, limit N2B delivery (Figure 2

• studies in Table 2. N2B delivery of biopharmaceuticals Biopharmaceuticals have been described in the literature as an advanced therapeutic option for CNS diseases. One of these advanced therapeutics are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which are generated from B cells and are antigen-specific [134]. The

Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• electronic/optoelectronic devices, energy storage/generation systems, and renewable energy conversion devices with high performance and low-power consumption [1][2][3]. In comparison to semiconductors, ZnO has attracted much more attention. This is due to ZnO having outstanding semiconductor behaviours in

• centre of a horizontal quartz tube furnace, see [37] for more detail. The furnace tube was also connected with a gas line and a rotary vacuum pump oil. Before the growth, air was sucked out of the tube by backfilling it with argon (Ar) gas, and then pumped out until the base pressure went to ≈2 × 10−3

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• omniphobic. Keywords: biocompatibility; biomimetic; blood-contacting; hemocompatibility; non-fouling; Introduction Clot formation and the overall compatibility of artificial materials within the body remains a common complication of blood contacting surfaces [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. A critical hurdle in

• any foreign surface. Materials coated with SLIPS have demonstrated effectiveness in resisting corrosion, reducing bio-fouling, and preventing icing [1][2][3][6][8]. There is also evidence that SLIPS are a promising strategy for increasing the biocompatibility of materials [4][11]. SLIPS are generally

• methanol for 20 min [30]. All substrates were then dried under a stream of nitrogen and sealed until use. The cleaned substrates were then immersed in dopamine hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) at a concentration of 2 mg/mL for 24 h in a 10 mM Trizma base (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) solution

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• range of uses in the fields of electrocatalysis, bioimaging, chemical sensors, biosensors, nanomedicine, biomolecule/drug release, light-emitting diodes, and photocatalysts. They also have promising applications in areas such as lasers and optoelectronic device applications [2][3][4][5]. CDs can be

• the structure of the coated CDs film (Figure 5); the CDs film thickness was determined as ca. 566 nm. In addition, a UV–vis absorption spectrum of the CDs layer was taken (Figure 6a), and the bandgap value of the layer was determined from the graph of hν versus (αhν)2 using the Tauc equation [23]. The

• written as: where Φb is the effective barrier height, A is the device area, and A* is the Richardson constant (112 A·cm−2·K−2 for n-type Si [26]). Φb can be obtained from Equation 3. The value of n is calculated from the slope of semi-logarithmic I–V plots and is given as The ideality factor and the value

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• depolarization fields, providing a promising platform for highly integrated devices [1][2][3]. The emergence of ferroelectricity at the atomic scale in vdW ferroelectrics has garnered significant interest because of its potential applications in various fields [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Through

• , bilayer WSe2 can be divided into 3-rhombohedral (3R) and 2-hexagonal (2H) phases [24][26][38]. When two layers are stacked antiparallel, bilayer WSe2 exhibits a hexagonal stacked (H-stacked) structure with inversion symmetry. In contrast, artificially stacking two layers in parallel to form a rhombohedral

Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

• Victoria Y. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108

• , for example, for the detection of dark matter, as single-photon detectors (X-ray, visible, and infrared ranges) [1], and the detection of individual excimers [2]. One of the new applications is the detection of the recoil energy of 4He atoms evaporated from a superfluid condensate (helium II). This

• a TES prototype (A1–A4), (2) films deposited in the form of bridges with different width and length (B1), and (3) films covering the entire substrate (C1). Optical images of the four square bridges and one long bridge investigated in this paper are shown in Figure 1a and Figure 1b. All investigated

• . Finally, we performed a lift-off process using N-methylpyrrolidone followed by a rinse in isopropyl alcohol. The edges of the structures after the lift-off process appeared to be vertical well-defined walls without upward bends, as shown in the SEM image in Figure 2. A thin layer of titanium on top of

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• surfaces of insects are marvels of natural engineering, displaying a remarkable array of adaptations that enable them to thrive in diverse environments [1][2][3]. Insects have developed a variety of mechanisms to cope with the challenges posed by their habitats, from specialized structures for attachment

• , scientists and engineers can develop innovative materials and devices that mirror the efficiency and functionality of Hymenopteran anatomy. Here we describe the structural adaptations on the surfaces of the body of Hymenoptera (Figure 2) with potential biomimetic applications. By analyzing their unique

• families of microwasps are tiny, with adults measuring less than 2 mm, and their wings exhibit a distinctive morphology (Figure 5). For instance, in many microwasps (e.g., fairyflies (Mymaridae)), wings are predominantly composed of long bristles, with diameters ranging from 300 nm to 2.5 μm [111

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• maintain size, shape, and stability of the nanoparticles, and suitable capping agents can modulate the nanoarchitectonics of the nanoparticles from atomic to molecular levels [2]. The surface capping can also influence the surface properties of the nanoparticles, making them compatible with specific

• ascorbic acid. A typical synthesis involved the synthesis of CTAB-capped Au seeds of less than 4 nm. Addition to the growth solution in step 2 resulted in the formation of gold nanorods. The seeds were prepared using 200 µL of HAuCl4·3H2O (25 mM) with 2 mL of 0.1 M CTAB at 80 °C, followed by 800 µL freshly

• -AP) in the presence of NaBH4. All reactions were carried out at room temperature in a 3.5 mL quartz cuvette. The reagent for catalysis was added in a sequence of 2 mL of 4-nitrophenol (0.1 mM), 1 mL of NaBH4 (100 mM), and 50 µL (0.5 ± 0.1 OD and 1.0 ± 0.1 OD) of CTAB-AgNS, CTAB-AuNS, CTAB-AuNR1, and

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• ; toxicity mitigation; Introduction Graphene oxide (GO) has many potential applications in electronics, advanced materials, bio-medicine, energy, agriculture, and environmental technology [1][2][3]. It consists of a graphene sheet with surface oxygen functional groups such as epoxide, ketone, hydroxy

• . The MD simulations were performed with TA initially placed at five different sites of GO flakes, namely, the center and the four edges, with the closest atoms at at approximately 2 Å from the sheet. The four edges of the flake differ regarding the carbon configurations (i.e., zigzag or armchair) and

• ., positive values up to +2 eV) obtained from DFT calculations when dispersion corrections are not applied. The adsorption energy value is determined by the number and types of interactions involved, such as hydrogen bonds, as well as carbon–carbon and carbon–hydrogen interactions. Supporting Information File

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• nanostructured materials from liquid, solid, and gaseous precursors [2]. Nonetheless, many of these methods are constrained by the necessity of high temperatures and pressures, lengthy reaction times, and toxic reagents [3][4]. Although physical methods offer high reproducibility, chemical methods are often

• Figure 2 and Figure 3. For the SG samples (Figure 2), the TG curve indicates a weight loss of approx. 69% up to 500 °C, while the DTA curve presents four effects, that is, an endothermic effect at 137 °C and three exothermic effects at 313, 403, and 904 °C. For the MW sample (Figure 3) the TG curve

• lines for the MW sample. This difference in intensities, as it can be noticed in Figure 6b, can be attributed to the microwave irradiation of the sol–gel solution (sample MW) [47]. Table 2 presents the lattice parameters, average crystallite sizes, and lattice strains. The average crystallite sizes and