Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

• Demian van Straten,
• Luuk van de Schepop,
• Rowan Frunt,
• Pieter Vader and
• Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

• proteins, forms on its surface. This so-called protein corona significantly affects the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticle, such as size, charge and stability [2][3][4][5]. In turn, the composition of the protein corona is influenced by the physicochemical properties of the pristine

• MDA-MB-231 (ATCC) were cultured in DMEM medium with 10% FCS (Gibco) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (PS) (Fisher Scientific). The human dermal microvascular endothelial cell line HMEC-1 (ATCC) was cultured in MCDB-131 medium supplemented with 10% FCS (Gibco), 2 mM l-glutamine (Gibco), 10 ng/mL rhEGF

• molar ratio of 50:38.5:10:1.5 and a final lipid concentration of 10 mM. siRNA was diluted in an acetate buffer (25 mM, pH 4.0) to a final concentration of 3.3 µM for MC3 LNPs and 12.33 µM for C12 LNPs. For fluorescent LNPs, siRNA and siRNA-AF647 were mixed 2:1 v/v. For MC3 LNPs the Nanoassemblr was set

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• crucial role in the global economy, particularly for coastal nations, including Vietnam. However, its multibillion dollar contributions are accompanied by the growing problem of excess antibiotic usage, notably tetracyclines (TCs), a widely used class of antibiotics in recent years [1][2][3][4]. Recent

• will be applied in the synthesis of an adsorbent for TC removal from water. Material characterization FE-SEM and FTIR results Figure 2 presents comparative field-emission SEM (FE-SEM) images and FTIR spectra of commercial CMC and PGC. Notably, the FE-SEM analysis of PGC (Figure 2d–f) reveals

• follows the monolayer adsorption mechanism described by the Langmuir model, the degree of fit was evaluated using the equilibrium coefficient RL. Notably, the RL values, calculated in Table 2 and presented in Figure 5c, range from 0.167 to 0.334, indicating that TC adsorption onto PGC is favorable and

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• concentrations. In all experiments, chemical degradation was minimal (<2%), and increased mass concentration of curcumin enabled ultralow by-product formation of 0.01%. The process selectivity against degradation was defined by the application-relevant descriptor of mole degradation per produced submicrometer

• few decades, as this relatively new fabrication method can be used to produce stable, additive-free colloids of different material classes under high-purity conditions, which are suitable for a wide range of technical applications [1][2][3][4][5]. Pulsed laser ablation (LAL), laser fragmentation (LFL

• iron phthalocyanines (FePc), but also some purely organic dyes such as naphthalocyanides [25], perylenes [26], perylene diimides [27][28], fullerenes [29][30], and quinacridones [2][31] have been successfully downsized to the nanoscale using nanosecond- and femtosecond-LFL with wavelengths in the UV

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• the materials formed by similar building blocks, then having similar properties, are called phases from which another possible definition of these heterogeneous materials such as multi-phase materials comes [2][3][4]. Nanostructured materials are the playground for the advancement of some key

• why these structural fragments form a single crystal and not independent phases. An analysis of the binding energy of the core levels of Cr 3p, Ti 3p, Ti 2p, and Cr 2p3/2 (Figure 1d–f) in the different fragments reveals a shift of about 0.5 eV in the binding energy, indicating that the fragments are

• spectra were obtained along the nanowire with a step width of about 130 nm, roughly equaling the size of the X-ray beam, as indicated in Figure 2d. The resulting In 3d5/2 spectra are shown in Figure 2e for the unbiased case, highlighting the p-doped and n-doped nanowire segments with the depletion zone in

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• transition temperature (Tc). Discovered in 1911 by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes [1], superconductors exhibit unique properties, including perfect conductivity and the Meissner effect [2], that is, the expulsion of magnetic fields. These remarkable properties make them highly valuable for diverse applications, such

• electronic devices operating in the gigahertz range. Transition-metal compounds, such as nitrides and carbides (e.g., NbN, TiN, TiC, and TaN), have demonstrated Tc values ranging from 2 to 10.4 K [3][4][5][6]. These compounds constitute a significant class of materials because of their exceptional physical

• frequency of 7.5 Hz, the substrate-to-target distance was 5 cm, and the incident energy density was 4.88 J·cm−2. We studied the stoichiometry and properties of the thin films as a function of gas pressure by introducing N2 to realize RPLD. At this time, the ion pumps were closed and isolated from the PLD

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• ; hole transport layer doping; Kelvin probe force microscopy; perovskite solar cells; Introduction Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a promising class of photovoltaic material that exhibits high power conversion efficiencies and relies on a low-cost solution-processed fabrication method [1][2][3][4]. At

• -sections by means of argon ion polishing. To get results that closely simulate the operation of working devices, we used a comprehensive static KPFM measurement protocol (See Supporting Information File 1, Section 2) and measured potential profiles across all layers while applying a voltage or under

• smooth cross-section. This is useful for getting stable KPFM images, without electrostatic cross-talk. At every step of this procedure, the current–voltage characteristics were being monitored, as shown in Figure 2. By carefully selecting the parameters of the ion milling, we can ensure that the exposed

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• , 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 BP43, France 10.3762/bjnano.16.51 Abstract Dental diseases pose a global health concern. In addition to medication and care, the use of biocompatible and even bioactive dental materials can contribute to global oral health. Among such materials, nanomaterials begin to be used

• transformative approach to enhance their efficacy [2]. Actually, incorporating nanomaterials into dental biomaterials has already offered advantages like enhanced tissue regeneration, increased mechanical strength of composites, and improved sealing of filler materials [3]. Graphene-based materials (GBMs) stand

• out for their potential in dentistry due to their high specific surface area, mechanical strength and adaptability for biological and chemical modifications [4][5]. For instance, a previous study demonstrated that incorporating 2% (w/w) graphene oxide into a resin-modified glass ionomer cement

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

• Mazhar Hussain,
• Muhammad Farooq,
• Muhammad Asad Saeed,
• Muhammad Ijaz,
• Sherjeel Adnan,
• Zeeshan Masood,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Wafa Ishaq and
• Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

• major health problem worldwide, and cancer patients are treated by using conventional strategies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, alone or in combination [1]. Chemotherapy is the basis of pharmacological cancer treatments [2]. The most common adverse effects in cancer patients induced by

• patients in the delayed phase (days 2 to 5) in their first cycle of high-dose cisplatin [5]. Aprepitant (APT) is a selective antagonist of neurokinin-1 receptor that blocks the substance P emetic effect. NK-1 receptors occur in the gastrointestinal tract on vagal afferents and in the nucleus of the

• plasma (Cmax) is reached after approx. 4 h, and the half-life is 9–13 h. An oral dose of 125 mg APT one hour before chemotherapy treatment (day 1), and 80 mg daily in the morning on days 2 and 3 are recommended [7]. APT is strongly bound to plasma protein (95%); it is absorbed slowly and crosses the

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• way for the design of materials with tailored functionalities [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Dielectric properties are fundamental for understanding the behavior and performance of various material systems, as they directly influence charge storage, polarization, and energy dissipation mechanisms. For instance

• frequency space. Single-pass second-harmonic EFM in the attractive regime has been used to detect the cantilever response at the second harmonic of the electrostatic force (2ω) [68][69][70][72] generated when Δωe spans the range from 8 kHz to 2 MHz [70]. SCFM in the megahertz regime has been implemented [70

• the gradient of the energy, WC, stored in the tip–sample capacitor C with respect to the tip–sample separation z, as given by where Vtip−sample specifies the electrical voltage across the tip–sample gap. In conventional EFM with single-frequency excitation, Vtip−sample is given by Equation 2 [18

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• reach 700 million cases by 2045 [1]. The main causes of DM are related to a deficit in insulin production due to a loss of pancreatic β-cell function (type-1 DM) [1], or due to insulin resistance and a partial deficit in the secretion of this hormone by pancreatic β-cells (type-2 DM). Various therapies

• have been used in the treatment of patients with DM including medication using hypoglycemic agents alone or combined with the administration of exogenous insulin, associated with dietary re-education and changes in lifestyle habits, such as physical exercise [2]. Although hypoglycemic agents are widely

• temperatures (25 and 37 °C) was analyzed. The results were expressed in rheograms (Figure 2) and represent the relationship between the shear stress and the shear rate. The data were analyzed using the power law (τ = k⋅γn), where τ is the shear rate, k is the consistency index (viscosity), γ is the shear

Focused ion and electron beams for synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 613–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.47

• the best of times, it was the worst of times" [2] – onto a 200 × 200 micron square of plastic using an electron beam. This achievement prompts a reflection: is nowadays the best or the worst of times for the development of electron and ion beam technologies? With the hope to contribute addressing this

• deposition techniques, this thematic issue includes studies on low-energy electron interactions with metal(II) bis(acetylacetonate) complexes [5]. Another molecule investigated for its gas-phase fragmentation mechanism via dissociative ionization and dissociative electron attachment is [Au(CH3)2Cl]2. Studies

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• , focused on improving human health through innovative technologies [1]. It is a broad interdisciplinary field that includes biology, medicine, engineering, and materials science, which all work together to address the intricate medical needs of societies [2]. The ultimate goal of biomedical research is to

• factors, drugs, and stem cells to facilitate the process of growth and regeneration [87]. Fitzpatrick et al. develop a scaffold by combining silk–hydroxyapatite bone cement with growth factors such as bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and neural growth factor

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• synthesis; liquefied petroleum gas (LPG); nanomaterial synthesis; Introduction Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have gained significant interest because of their distinctive properties and their wide range of applications in nanotechnology [1][2][3]. CNTs are a modified version of CNFs

• temperature distribution at the center of the flame. Figure 2 shows a line-of-sight image of the stable diffusion flame, burning at lean combustion with Φ = 0.77, where the equivalence ratio was calculated based on the inlet conditions. The diffusion flame has a bright yellow color, due to soot formation, and

• , hence the larger diameter of CNFs at an equivalence ratio of 1.60 compared to the equivalence ratio of 1.80. Schematic of the setup. Diffusion flame of 0.05 slpm of LPG and 2 slpm of air (Φ = 0.77). Stability of diffusion flames using LPG and air as inlet gases. The equivalence ratio is shown on the

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD). This process, coupled with oxidative stress pathways originating from mitochondrial dysfunction, facilitates the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. This release is a key event that promotes caspase activation, initiating pro-apoptotic signaling that

• explanation, positing that the toxic effects of these small oligomers may be more critical to the pathology of AD than the larger aggregated plaques. This shift in focus highlights the need for a deeper understanding of how these oligomers contribute to the disease process [1][2]. The proposition regarding

•  2, contribute significantly to the neurodegenerative pathways associated with AD, highlighting the multifaceted role of AβOs in neuronal dysfunction and cell death [19]. Conventional methods for addressing the presence and toxicity of AβOs AβOs are small aggregates formed from the misfolding and

Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in Cd_xZn_1−xO composite thin films

• Arkaprava Das,
• Marcin Zając and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• electron mobility (>100 cm2/V/s) and high electrical conductivity (>1014 S/cm), demonstrating its potential for optoelectronic applications [2][3][4]. The incorporation of cadmium into ZnO effectively reduces the bandgap, rendering the thin films suitable for applications in the visible region of the

• . Consequently, the wurtzite ZnO phase remains intact in both the CZ900_113Ag and CZ900_313Ag thin films. Notably, the absence of a distinct phase for CdO nanoparticles indicates that the radiation stability of the wurtzite ZnO structure significantly surpasses that of the B1/B2 CdO phase. In Figure 2, the Raman

• the stability of the wurtzite phase under the used irradiation conditions. In Figure 2, the Raman spectra for CZ900_Pris and Z900 thin film are reproduced from our previous publication [1]. The presence of the B2 phase at 868.5 cm−1 is indicated by an arrow for the CZ900_Pris sample, which is absent

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• . Influenza viruses are capable of evolving at a fast rate; they have a segmented single-stranded negative-sense RNA genome that is devoid of proofreading systems, resulting in a constant accumulation of mutations in their genome [2]. Influenza viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family and are categorized

• protein at clinically relevant concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was explored to characterize the surface of the electrodes after electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles (Figure 2). Because of the high conductivity of gold, a difference in contrast is

• respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, a virus for which it has been shown that it can be detected in saliva samples [55]. Our biosensing system for the detection of hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus is currently limited to solutions of the H1 protein in artificial saliva. Future validation

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• tool offers many advantages in making nanostructures with complex shapes and novel compositions for evolving nanotechnological applications. In this work, structures were nanoprinted using a fluorine-free β-ketoesterate complex, bis(tert-butylacetoacetate)palladium(II), [Pd(tbaoac)2]. The internal

• nanostructure and composition of the deposits were determined, and possible volatile products produced under electron-induced dissociation, explaining the composition, are investigated. A method to eliminate the residual gas contamination during FEBID was implemented. [Pd(tbaoac)2] contains large organic

• use of masks, achieving scales down to a few nanometers with various patterns and shapes, offers significant advantages for a wide range of technological applications. These include areas that require plasmonic [1][2][3], phononic [3][4], magnetic [5][6], optoelectronic [7][8][9], and mechanical [10

Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral

• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Yailen Costa Marrero,
• Tania Farias Piñeira,
• Céline Fontaine,
• Lexane Paget,
• Beatriz Concepción Rosabal,
• Arbelio Penton Madrigal,
• Vitalii Petranovskii and
• Gwendoline Lafaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40

• , Cuba Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas, Carretera a San Antonio km 21/2, 19370, La Habana, Cuba Université de Poitiers, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), 4 rue Michel Brunet, Poitiers, France Facultad de Física, Universidad de La Habana, San Lázaro y L, 10400

• metallic species for various applications, leading to the invention of new functional materials for sustainable development, such as catalysts [1][2][3]. Among the various methods used to modify zeolites, ion exchange is the most widely employed. Different ion exchange methods are known, such as ion

• . Results and Discussion Composition and characterization of the materials XRD patterns and a SEM micrograph of the starting zeolite mineral (ZSA) are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, respectively. The diffraction patterns are normalized and evidence the presence of mordenite and clinoptilolite–heulandite

Water in nanoporous hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets: a first-principles study

• Juliana A. Gonçalves,
• Ronaldo J. C. Batista and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 510–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.39

• recent decades, technological advances such as membrane technology and energy recovery equipment have led to a considerable reduction in the energy required to desalinate seawater [2][3]. The proposal to use membranes that exhibit superior selectivity and high water flux has been a major focus for

• μB. As per Equation 2, we have . Our choice of BH3 and NH3/N2 as chemical reservoirs for, respectively, boron and nitrogen atoms corresponds to experimental conditions in which these molecules were utilized as reagents for synthesizing porous h-BN. Figure 1 demonstrates that over a wide range of μN

• calculated through Equation 3: where Etotal is the total energy of system, Eporous is the energy of the porous monolayer, and is the energy of an isolated water molecule. Results and Discussion Energetic stability of h-BN nanopore Figure 2 and Figure 3 display the h-BN nanosheets with rhombic and triangular

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• implanted with 1 × 1017 N2+·cm−2 at 30 keV using a current density of 4 µA·cm−2. Surface morphology and structural, optical, and electrical properties of the as-deposited and implanted Mo thin films have been systematically investigated. The crystallinity of Mo thin films is enhanced with increasing

• technological applications owing to their outstanding characteristics. The high melting point and stability of molybdenum ensure that it remains structurally intact under the harsh operating conditions of solar cells [1][2]. This stability is essential for long-term reliability and performance. The low

• generation in Mo thin films with a low-energy argon ion beam (1 keV) across different ion fluences (1016–1018 ions·cm−2). Thornton et al. [16] examined a transition from tensile to compressive stress in argon-ion-implanted Mo thin films as the sputtering gas pressure decreased. Sun et al. [17] also analyzed

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

• Joy Mukherjee,
• Safiul Alam Mollick,
• Tanmoy Basu and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

• applications and play a crucial role in generating charged particles. Various systems harness energetic ions for diverse purposes, spanning material science, high-energy physics, medical applications, and agricultural science [1][2][3][4][5]. Presently, energetic ions find application in various surface

• transferred to the ion source using a load-lock system. The cross-sectional view of the setup is shown in Figure 2. The type of magnetron-coupled ion source used here was first developed by Anton and coworkers [25]. The ion source is fitted in the cylindrical cavity of the UHV target chamber. The inner

• diameter of the plasma cup is around 52 mm. The cup is surrounded by water-cooled NdFeB magnets, which produce a multi-cusp field to confine the plasma. The 2.45 GHz magnetron microwave source is attached to the back side of the ion source, as shown in Figure 2. The dimension of the cylindrical resonator

Impact of adsorbate–substrate interaction on nanostructured thin films growth during low-pressure condensation

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 473–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.36

• different adsorbate–substrate bonding. Keywords: adsorbate–substrate interaction; adsorptive systems; numerical simulations; pattern formation; Introduction Innovative nanostructured thin films are widely exploited in ground-breaking developments regarding transistors [1][2], energy harvesting [3][4

• is the diffusion coefficient; M = x1(1 − x1) takes into account that diffusion is possible onto free sites; ∇ = d/dr. The last term in Equation 2 represents a stochastic source that takes into account the effects of redistribution of adatoms at the microscopic level, describing the system at the

• significantly within the interaction radius, we can exploit a self-consistent approximation used in different areas of numerical modeling [33][34][36][37][38][39]: Substituting Equation 7 into Equation 8 and assuming at m ≥ 2, the interaction potential of the adsorbate Uads(r) obtains the following form: Uads

Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction

• Rikuto Kuroda,
• Takahiro Nakamura,
• Hideki Ina and
• Shuhei Shibata

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35

• Rikuto Kuroda Takahiro Nakamura Hideki Ina Shuhei Shibata illuminus Inc., 307 Wako Riken Incubation Plaza, 2–3–13, Minami, Wako, Saitama, 351–0104, Japan 10.3762/bjnano.16.35 Abstract Laser-induced reduction in liquid (LRL) is a physicochemical technique for synthesizing nanoparticles by

• including electrode materials [1], conductive pastes [2][3], catalysts [4][5], sensors [6][7][8], and drug delivery systems [9]. The chemical reduction [10] and the solvothermal methods [11][12] are well known for synthesizing nanoparticles in large quantities at low cost, but these methods require the use

• 2 min after laser irradiation, reaches a maximum after 6 min, and then decreases to a constant value at 26 min. This is assumed to be based on the following mechanism. 1) From the start of laser irradiation to 2 min: equilibrium between nucleation due to ion reduction and atom re-dissolution due to

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

• lipid–PEI2000–DNA (sLPD) nanoparticles conjugated with a phosphorothioate ASO (G3139), designed for Bcl-2 downregulation in cancer cells [112]. The reaction between PEI and hexadecenal on the lipidic bilayer enabled the formation of a reversible Schiff’s base, which provided higher particle stability

• . sLPD assemblies exhibited higher colloidal stability and cellular internalisation compared to free G3139 and non-stabilised counterparts. As a result, significantly higher inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins was observed in sLPD-treated groups, which led to induced apoptosis of KB cells and increased

• uptake and more effective Bcl-2 downregulation than naked G3139 and non-PEI-containing nanoparticles, leading to prolonged tumour growth suppression. In a similar study, Zheng et al. explored the effect of high-molecular-weight PEI (Mw = 25 kDa) on the biostability, cytotoxicity, and transfection

Biomimetics and bioinspired surfaces: from nature to theory and applications

• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Thies H. Büscher,
• Manuela Rebora,
• Poramate Manoonpong,
• Zhendong Dai and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 418–421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.32

• technology and new insights into the future of this field of research. Striking advance has been made regarding the study of surfaces on biological models, especially insects. For instance, insect attachment devices and adhesive secretions were thoroughly studied regarding the impact of contamination [2] and

• ageing [3]. Gorb and Gorb [2] experimentally investigated how different plant waxes affect the attachment performance of leaf beetles and how the adhesive system of these beetles are vulnerable to the shape and dimensions of wax contaminations. A study on larger insects (stick insects) with a