Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams

• Abdel Rahman Altakroury,
• Oleksandr Gatsa,
• Farbod Riahi,
• Zongwen Fu,
• Miroslava Flimelová,
• Andrei Samokhvalov,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31

• 50 nm are barely detectable (Figure 2a). In contrast, for the Gaussian beam, the distribution extends up to 100 nm (Figure 2b). Figure 2c shows the shift of the median value ⟨D⟩ from 27.0 nm (Gaussian beam) to 15.5 nm (donut-shaped beam) while maintaining the same value of the polydispersity index w

• , there is a noticeable difference in the cut-off of the distribution obtained with the donut beam, ⟨D⟩ ≈ 40 nm, compared to the Gaussian pulses where there is a pronounced tail in the particle size distribution extending beyond 100 nm. Besides, the distribution is considerably narrower for the donut

• (Figure 4b). In the latter case, the HEA target was shifted from the focal position to increase the irradiation spot area about threefold. The NPs obtained with the donut-shaped beam with their average size ⟨D⟩ = 35 nm are smaller, and their distribution is narrower than those of the NPs synthesized in

ReactorAFM/STM – dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure

• Tycho Roorda,
• Hamed Achour,
• Matthijs A. van Spronsen,
• Marta E. Cañas-Ventura,
• Sander B. Roobol,
• Willem Onderwaater,
• Mirthe Bergman,
• Peter van der Tuijn,
• Gertjan van Baarle,
• Johan W. Bakker,
• Joost W. M. Frenken and
• Irene M. N. Groot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.30

• tunneling current simultaneously (Figure 5c,d). Consequently, the tip–sample distance will be maintained throughout the image while the current signal will be a direct indication of the conductivity of the surface. The Pd(100) surface has been prepared using the standard recipe of repeated cycles of Ar-ion

• temperature uncertainty. The slope of the function at a given temperature indicates the feedback’s sensitivity to temperature fluctuations. Combined AFM/STM images taken with the ReactorAFM/STM of a Pd(100) single crystal in UHV and at 450 K before reaction (a, c) and during oxidation (b, d). The top two

• images are topography images, and the bottom two images show the simultaneous current signal. (a) and (c) were taken under UHV conditions with dF = 7 Hz and bias voltage of −500 mV applied to the sample. (b) and (d) show the surface under 0.5 bar of O2 pressure and were taken with dF = 5 Hz and bias

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• detection of SDS (Figure 4c,d). Selective colorimetric/spectrophotometric detection of SDS using PEG–PCL NPs The synthesized PEG–PCL nanoparticles demonstrated a unique colorimetric response in the presence of the Bradford reagent. This property was exploited to detect SDS using colorimetric and

• method. Physicochemical characterization of PEG–PCL nanoparticles: a) hydrodynamic radius and PDI, b) zeta potential, c) SEM, d) TEM, and e) XPS analysis. FTIR spectrum of PEG–PCL nanoparticles showing functional group interaction between parent compounds (PEG and PCL). Optimization of PEG–PCL

• nanoparticle concentration. a) Spectrophotometric absorbance and b) colorimetric change of different ratios of PEG–PCL NPs and the Bradford reagent (BR). c,d) Spectrophotometric absorbance and colorimetric change of different concentrations of PEG–PCL nanoparticles in a fixed Bradford reagent, respectively

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• was characterized by STEM, where transmitted electrons are used to create the image [30]. In STEM micrographs, alginate nanoparticles appeared with sharp edges; however, the edges of the EudAlg nanoparticles revealed secondary projections (Figure 1C,D). Similar micrographs in which the edge of the

• viability testing and particle size measurements were assessed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc analysis. A p value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Micrographs of nanoparticles. SEM micrographs of (A) Alg NPs and (B) EudAlg NPs. STEM micrographs of (C) Alg NPs and (D) EudAlg NPs. Scale

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• circuit potential, where no faradaic current flows [2], did not show product generation. This demonstrates that the gold nanoparticle–carbon fiber paper composite cathode electrocatalyzed hydrogen evolution in aqueous bicarbonate reduction (Figure 6C,D). Hydrogen can arise from the reduction of water

• needed to maintain a constant current density of −10 mA·cm−2 (B). Electrocatalytic product generation; blue: at a constant current density of −10 mA·cm−2, gray: at open circuit potential (C). GC data as a function of electrocatalysis time (D). The lines are fits (blue, power law; gray, linear). The full

Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature

• Kafi Devi,
• Usha Rani,
• Arun Kumar,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25

• intensity [26]. To investigate the effect of substrate temperature on peak broadening of ZnTe films, various structural parameters including crystallite size, microstrain, and dislocation density were calculated corresponding to the most prominent peak. The crystallite size (D) was calculated using

• Scherrer’s formula [27] where λ = 1.5406 Å is the X-ray wavelength and β denotes the full width at half maximum (in radians). The microstrain (ε) is calculated using the formula [27] The dislocation density (Δ) is calculated using the formula [27] where D represents the crystallite size. The calculated

• values of D, ε, and Δ are listed in Table 2. Films deposited at R.T. are amorphous; therefore, the crystallite size has not been calculated. The crystallite size increases from 37.60 to 54.26 Å with the rise in substrate temperature from 300 to 400 °C. There is no appreciable change in crystallite size

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• defect band (D band) in the Raman spectra (recorded at an excitation wavelength of 514 nm) of the compounds. Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1c reveals the appearance of the G band (1581 cm−1) and D band (1352 cm−1) for graphite, corresponding to the E2g symmetric vibrations associated with the

• sp2 carbon domain and structural disorders raised due to various factors, respectively [45][46]. Further, the presence of a well-defined D band in the Raman spectra of GO could be attributed to the chemical conversion of graphitic sp2 carbon into oxygen-rich functional groups such as C=O, C–OH, and C

• (O)C [45]. These oxygen-rich functional groups constitute the formation of various structural defects and attributes to the appearance of a relative high-intensity D band in GO. On the other hand, a blue shift in the position of the G band (1581 cm−1 to 1596 cm−1) was also observed for GO, which

Fabrication and evaluation of BerNPs regarding the growth and development of Streptococcus mutans

• Tuyen Huu Nguyen,
• Hong Thanh Pham,
• Kieu Kim Thanh Nguyen,
• Loan Hong Ngo,
• Anh Ngoc Tuan Mai,
• Thu Hoang Anh Lam,
• Ngan Thi Kim Phan,
• Dung Tien Pham,
• Duong Thuy Hoang,
• Thuc Dong Nguyen and
• Lien Thi Xuan Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 308–315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.23

• BerNPs. (d) FTIR spectra of pure berberine and BerNPs. (a) Minimum inhibitory concentration values and (b) minimum bactericidal concentration values of BerNPs against S. mutans. Wells 1–10 contained two-fold serial dilutions of BerNPs (ranging from 5000.0 to 19.5 µg/mL) with 108 cfu/mL of S. mutans, the

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• particularly high when the dipole moment exceeds 2.0 D. The hybridization of halogens does not impact electron mobility. However, it does lead to a decrease in hole mobility while possibly enhancing the separation of charge carriers [94]. In order to enhance the photocatalytic activity of BiOX, significant

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• dependency on the phase preference could be observed. The copper nanoparticles in propylene carbonate were smaller than those in the alcohol phase (Figure 3c,d), while the iron nanoparticles in the propylene carbonate phase were larger than those in the alcohol phase (Figure 3e,f). This could be attributed

• glycerol carbonate and 1-nonanol for copper and iron. Zeta potential of copper nanoparticles in (a) 1-nonanol and (b) propylene carbonate obtained by LAL at 85 °C in the monophasic TMS of 1-nonanol and propylene carbonate. Size distribution and TEM images of the respective (c, d) copper and (e, f) iron

• nanoparticles in either (c, e) 1-nonanol or (d, f) propylene carbonate obtained by LAL in TMS. Mass fraction of colloidal nanoparticles in the propylene carbonate phase gained after LAL of (a) copper and (b) iron in TMSs consisting of propylene carbonate and a primary alcohol with a chain length of 6 to 11. The

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• dual functionalization of MWCNTs (Figure 1a–d) was visible by enlarged tubes/thicker walls and non-uniform surfaces of the tubes. The images of PEGylated and dual-functionalized hybrid MWCNTs-G (Figure 1e–h) showed, in addition to the thicker side walls and rounded ends of the tubes, spherical

• dual-functionalized MWCNTs and MWCNTs-G, blank and TMZ-loaded, are presented in Figure 5. When analyzing these spectra, the following features were taken into consideration: the D (“disorder”) band, usually positioned around 1350 cm−1 and related to the degree of structural defects, deteriorations, and

• of the CNTs; the bands from the Raman modes that result from the vibration of all carbon atoms in the CNTs; and the 2D band occurring between 2600 and 2800 cm−1, which is sensitive to the number of graphene layers and their arrangement. The intensity ratio between the D and the G band was analyzed

Synthesis and the impact of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the viability and activity of rhizobacteria

• Bedah Rupaedah,
• Indrika Novella,
• Atiek Rostika Noviyanti,
• Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy,
• Anna Safarrida,
• Abdul Hapid,
• Zhafira Amila Haqqa,
• Suryana Suryana,
• Irwan Kurnia and
• Fathiyah Inayatirrahmi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 216–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.17

• = 31.77°, which is the highest peak of HA, as reported by Noviyanti et al. [25] and Novella and coworkers [26]. Using the information obtained from the XRD pattern, the crystal size (D) of the sample can be calculated utilizing the Scherrer equation, as outlined by Monshi and coworkers [27]: where K is a

• reconstruction and genetic distance analysis. XRD pattern of HA standard (ICSD #157481). XRD pattern of the synthesized nHA. Morphology and particle size distribution of the sample, (a, b) SEM images at magnifications of 15,000× and 50,000×, (c) particle size distribution, and (d) 3D plot of porosity. Viability

• of rhizobacteria on the nHA carrier after 28 days of incubation. SEM images of rhizobacteria loaded onto nHA. (a) nHA-Pd at 30,000× magnification, (b) nHA-Tb at 30,000× magnification, (c) nHA-Pd at 50,000× magnification, and (d) nHA-Tb at 50,000× magnification. EDX images of rhizobacteria loaded onto

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• photochemical reactions [30][31]. UV light helps the skin synthesize vitamin D, but excessive exposure to UV light may lead to DNA damage, sunburn, and photochemical damage [32][33]. Visible and NIR light with longer wavelengths have lower photon energies and are safer for use in the human body [34]. The

• develop photothermal nanomaterial therapy systems tailored to individual patient conditions. Currently, in the R&D stage of advanced mechanisms in the field of ophthalmic photothermal nanomaterials research, little attention has been paid to regulating light absorption and thermal management during design

• materials initiate photothermal conversion through localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), characterized by absorption at a single wavelength [48][49][50]. The therapeutic process involves mechanical forces generated by the rupture of vapor nanobubbles, effectively treating tissues or cells. (d–f

Probing the potential of rare earth elements in the development of new anticancer drugs: single molecule studies

• Josiane A. D. Batista,
• Rayane M. de Oliveira,
• Carlos H. M. Lima,
• Milton L. Lana Júnior,
• Virgílio C. dos Anjos,
• Maria J. V. Bell and
• Márcio S. Rocha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 187–194, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.15

• Josiane A. D. Batista Rayane M. de Oliveira Carlos H. M. Lima Milton L. Lana Junior Virgilio C. dos Anjos Maria J. V. Bell Marcio S. Rocha Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• detailed information on general MMM fabrication, the reader is referred to the extensive review by Aroon and coworkers [80]. Once the precursor slurry has been prepared, it can be cast into a solid membrane. Flat sheet MMMs can be prepared as symmetric, Figure 4b, or asymmetric membranes, Figure 4c,d. In

• functionalization, Figure 7c,d, reducing filler sizes, in situ MOF growth, or applying annealing treatments. Interfacial adhesion can also be improved using ionic liquids (Figure 7e). MOF functionalization is commonly employed in MMM research. For example, in the study by Katayama et al. [113] mentioned earlier

Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

• Silvia Jaerger,
• Patricia Appelt,
• Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
• Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
• Ricardo Schneider,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

• samples modified with niobium phosphate (a) and niobium oxide (b). Photoelectron spectroscopy results for Nb3d (a and b for the samples BEOx and BEPh, respectively), O 1s (c, d, and e for the samples BEOx, BEPh, and BE, respectively). Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis for the samples BE (a

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• -loaded samples. The Al 2p and O 1s XPS spectra of the MOR-L compound are given for comparison. The inset in (a) shows the decomposition of the Al 2p spectrum for Ti-W24h-C. (a, b) Nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K, (c, d) pore size distribution and pore volume in calcined nanocomposites Ti-WNh-C (a

• , c) and Ti-ENh-C (b, d); (e) t-plot for Ti-E6h-C with a linear fit in the t range from 0.33 to 0.6 nm. TG and DTG profiles for the studied nanocomposites. (a) UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra and (b) plots of (F(R)hν)1/2 versus photon energy for calculation of bandgap energies of TiO2-loaded

• mordenite. Average TiO2 particle size ⟨d⟩ and elemental composition, determined by EDX and XPS, of the as-synthetized and Ti-loaded samples, and their TiO2 content. Textural properties of the Ti-loaded samples from N2 adsorption isotherms. Mass loss below (Δw1, Δw1′) and above (Δw2, Δw2′) 300 °C as directly

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• . The average crystallite size of the synthesized ZnO NPs was calculated using the Scherrer equation: where D is the crystallite size, K is the shape factor, λ is the X-ray wavelength (1.54 Å for Cu Kα radiation), β is the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the diffraction peak in radians, and θ is

• wrinkled pattern, and it was found that the NPs average size was 72 nm. The presence of ZnO NPs on the surface was confirmed through EDX, which showed characteristic elemental peaks validating the composition (Figure 4a–d). Zeta potential The ZnO NPs synthesized using GP258 showed good stability as

• analysis, (b) Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, (c) UV–vis spectroscopy, and (d) photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO NPs. (a, b) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs showing the morphology and size of the nanoparticles. (c) Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of ZnO

Instance maps as an organising concept for complex experimental workflows as demonstrated for (nano)material safety research

• Benjamin Punz,
• Maja Brajnik,
• Joh Dokler,
• Jaleesia D. Amos,
• Litty Johnson,
• Katie Reilly,
• Anastasios G. Papadiamantis,
• Amaia Green Etxabe,
• Lee Walker,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Steffi Friedrichs,
• Klaus M. Weltring,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli,
• Claus Svendsen,
• Christine Ogilvie Hendren,
• Mark R. Wiesner,
• Martin Himly,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Thomas E. Exner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 57–77, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.7

• Benjamin Punz Maja Brajnik Joh Dokler Jaleesia D. Amos Litty Johnson Katie Reilly Anastasios G. Papadiamantis Amaia Green Etxabe Lee Walker Diego S. T. Martinez Steffi Friedrichs Klaus M. Weltring Nazende Gunday-Tureli Claus Svendsen Christine Ogilvie Hendren Mark R. Wiesner Martin Himly Iseult

• immunomodulation. Here, it should be emphasised that during immunotherapy against type-2 immune diseases, such as allergies, a shift towards regulatory T cell activation is envisioned. Finally, as depicted in section D, Hasenkopf et al. [48] tested the proteins’ individual binding efficiencies on differently

Precursor sticking coefficient determination from indented deposits fabricated by electron beam induced deposition

• Alexander Kuprava and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 35–43, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.4

• to obtain values for the diffusion coefficient (D), residence time (τ), and sticking coefficient (s). In this case, the sticking coefficient corresponds to “precursor-to-deposit” sticking rather than to “precursor-to-substrate” sticking as the actual substrate for continued growth is the deposit

• density, τ is the average precursor residence time, σ is the energy-averaged dissociation cross section, and D is the surface diffusion coefficient. This rate equation makes up the balance between all processes that contribute to replenishment and depletion of precursor molecules. The electron beam is

• obtained for the wider deposit shown in Figure 5c,d. The sticking coefficient values obtained for the Cr(C6H6)2 precursor are noticeably lower than the one reported for the W(CO)6 precursor (0.025), although the precursor flux and dissociated precursor molecule fragment volume are comparable. However, the

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• multiscale structuring, from micron-sized hair-like structures all the way to nanometer-scale spikes and indentations can maintain the layer of air between the cuticle and water, which is needed for Collembola survival (Figure 1C,D). Inspired by the intricate nanostructures found on Collembola skin, we

• taken afterwards. Bioinspired SNF coatings. (A) Springtails (Collembola) have micro- and nanostructured skin for effective water repellence. (B) High water contact angle on Collembola cuticle demonstrates natural super-hydrophobicity. (C,D) Multiscale structuring of the Collembola skin renders the

• (reported as streamlines) and normalized sheer stress at the plate (contour plot). This latter parameter is normalized with respect to the sheer stress value calculated for a flow in a 4-inch nominal pipe at a volumetric flow of 10,000 barrels per day and 100 °C. (D) Contour plots of the shear stress at the

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

• Elina E. Mansurova,
• Andrey A. Maslennikov,
• Anna P. Lyubina,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
• Polina V. Mikshina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

• Elina E. Mansurova Andrey A. Maslennikov Anna P. Lyubina Alexandra D. Voloshina Irek R. Nizameev Marsil K. Kadirov Anzhela A. Mikhailova Polina V. Mikshina Albina Y. Ziganshina Igor S. Antipin A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of

• images, (c) distribution diagram of the hydrodynamic diameter, C = 2 mg/mL and (d) Debye plot, C = 0.6–3.3 mg/mL, PB, pH 7.4, 25 °C. IR spectra of (a) BA, (b) p(Hist-CA), (c) Hist-RA and (d) CA-RA in KBr. Agglutination assay. Blood samples were observed in the plate wells following the addition of

Orientation-dependent photonic bandgaps in gold-dust weevil scales and their titania bioreplicates

• Norma Salvadores Farran,
• Limin Wang,
• Primoz Pirih and
• Bodo D. Wilts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.1

• Norma Salvadores Farran Limin Wang Primoz Pirih Bodo D. Wilts Department for Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2a, 5020 Salzburg, Austria Current address: Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Vienna Technical University, 1060 Vienna, Austria

• undulating upper cortex layer is thicker in (b) than the flat lower cortex layer in (c). (d) SEM image of the lower surface of an etched scale. (e) Different lattice orientations of the 3D nanostructure found in etched scales. The structure is strongly reminiscent of single diamond-type photonic networks [15

• ]. Scale bars: (a, d) 10 μm, inset 100 nm, (b, c) 1 μm, and (e) 2 μm. Real and reciprocal space images and directional reflectance spectra. (a) Light microscopy images of four scales, each with two domains, illuminated with large-aperture (top row) and with small-aperture (bottom row) illumination

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

• was investigated using different endocytic pathway inhibitors (Figure 2). For Unmodified-Lipo (Figure 2a,d), sucrose, which inhibits clathrin-mediated endocytosis, significantly reduced fluorescence intensity (p < 0.001), indicating that clathrin-mediated endocytosis is a primary pathway. Filipin, an

• six-hour time point (Figure 3c,d), Unmodified-Lipo continued to exhibit notable colocalization, as evidenced by the yellow areas, albeit slightly diminished. In contrast, SO-Lipo and AUR-Lipo demonstrated further decreases in Pearson’s coefficients, confirming their superior escape efficiency over

• the lipid bilayer, reinforcing the observed differences in their membrane integration and potential membrane modulation effects. The distance plots in Figure 5c,d demonstrate the separation between the center of mass of the POPC and POPG components and the interacting molecules over time. For OLA, a

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
• Alina E. Grigor’eva,
• Ilya S. Dovydenko and
• Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

• , fragmentary, and of different thickness. On the surface of some bio-NPs, homogeneous globules (10–15 nm) were found (Figure 4b,d,k,m,n), the electron density of which was higher than that of LPs (Figure 4p). Several neighboring particles could have a joint corona, sometimes enclosing LPs and EVs (Figure 4g,l

• by this procedure. Globules (10–15 nm) were adsorbed in the center of many LPs, giving them an appearance that is not typical for particles of this type (Figure 4b,d,k). The presence of larger, often electron-dense, structures in the center of the LPs suggested the presence of a deepening (Figure 4g

• chylomicrons) was polluted with sucrose clusters (Figure 7a,c–g); some bio-NPs were associated with a dust-like substance (Figure 7b–d). Isolation of bio-NPs on the sucrose cushion allowed us to obtain samples with a relatively high content of bio-NPs, devoid of serum contaminants. Numerous sucrose clusters