Upcycling agroindustrial waste into graphene oxide supports for gold nanoparticles: toward sustainable nanomaterials

• Juan Marcos Castro-Tapia,
• Selene Acosta,
• Hiram Joazet Ojeda-Galván,
• Elsie Evelyn Araujo-Palomo,
• Edgar Giovanni Villabona-Leal and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 489–504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.32

• . Peanut shells (Arachis hypogaea) are among the main agroindustrial wastes worldwide, with global peanut production reaching 46 million tons in 2019 [25]. These shells are rich in bioactive compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids, as well as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin fibers, which are eco

• –C=O (~289.3 eV; C6), related to carboxylic acid groups [46]. An additional component, C7 (283.0 eV), was required to fit the Agro-GOC spectrum. Such a feature has been reported in graphene-based materials containing significant structural defects, including vacancy-type sites or highly disordered

Defects and defect-mediated engineering of two-dimensional materials: challenges and open questions

• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov,
• Matthias Batzill,
• Anouar-Akacha Delenda,
• Marija Drndić,
• Chris Ewels,
• Katharina J. Franke,
• Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl,
• Alexander Holleitner,
• Ado Jorio,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Daria Kieczka,
• Hannu-Pekka Komsa,
• Jani Kotakoski,
• Manuel Längle,
• David Lamprecht,
• Yun Liu,
• Steven G. Louie,
• Janina Maultzsch,
• Thomas Michely,
• Katherine Milton,
• Anna Niggas,
• Hanako Okuno,
• Joshua A. Robinson,
• Marika Schleberger,
• Bruno Schuler,
• Alexander Shluger,
• Kazu Suenaga,
• Kristian S. Thygesen,
• Richard A. Wilhelm,
• E. Harriet Åhlgren and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 454–488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.31

• networks [46][47][48]; it can be further extended to reacting with heteroatoms to introduce electronic dopants, magnetic impurities, and catalytic sites, as well as to add other functionalities [43][49][50]. However, challenges remain to have reliable predictions for the outcome of the reaction and to go

Nanocarrier-integrated multilayer films produced by 3D printing for improved skin adhesion and curcumin photostability

• Thayse Viana de Oliveira,
• Ana Paula Farias Leão,
• Júlia Leão,
• Cesar Liberato Petzhold and
• Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 440–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.30

• bioadhesion in such skin delivery formulations can limit their therapeutic efficacy and reduces clinical applicability, as they would require repeated applications [46]. In the present study, the influence of chitosan in the lower layer of the films was evaluated through a bioadhesion test, using a texture

Biomimetic nanoparticles in cancer photodynamic therapy: a review of targeted delivery systems and therapeutic outcomes

• Valentina I. Gorbacheva,
• Alexey S. Grabovoy,
• Polina S. Marukhina,
• Anastasiia O. Syrocheva and
• Ekaterina P. Kolesova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 396–422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.27

• nanoparticles within solid tumors typically does not exceed 1% of the administered dose [46]. The limited progress in achieving higher carrier targeted accumulation can be attributed to two main factors: (i) rapid clearance of the nanoparticles from the body, that is, nanoparticles are cleared from the systemic

Eco-efficient materials for agricultural crops based on a mineral rich in MOR- and HEU-type zeolites

• Esperanza Yamile de la Nuez-Pantoja,
• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Gerardo Rodríguez-Fuentes,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• Ariel Martínez García,
• José Juan Calvino Gámez and
• Daniel Goma Jiménez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 381–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.26

• accompanying minority phases such as quartz (pdf No. 46-1045). No indications of significant changes in the structure of these zeolites, caused by the processes of obtaining fertilizer materials, were revealed in the XRD patterns. The main differences are in the variation of the relative peak intensity as a

• , some with a fibrous shape (as shown in Figure 5) and others acicular (as observed more clearly in Figure 6b) [45][46]. HEU crystals with laminar habit can also be distinguished, the morphology of which is associated with the presence of potassium [43][44]. The SEM images (Figure 6) of the modified

•  6b) [43][46]. According to [15][47][48], the laminar habit is associated with K+ cations, while the coffin-shaped habit is associated with the predominance of both Ca2+ and K+ cations. This corresponds to the elemental composition (Table 1) of this natural zeolite (CLIM). The images obtained from

Polycatecholamine nanocoatings on stainless steel: the effect on attachment of human fibroblasts and platelets

• Paulina Trzaskowska,
• Ewa Rybak,
• Maciej Trzaskowski,
• Kamil Kopeć,
• Jakub Krzemiński,
• Rafał Podgórski,
• Hatice Genc,
• Mehtap Civelek and
• Iwona Cicha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 365–380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.25

• -thrombogenic plasma proteins, such as fibrinogen, which is present in PRP and was used for the study [46]. This can lead to the formation of fibrin clots on the biomaterial surface [47]. To date, PDA coatings prepared using a traditional way (slow air oxidation) have been known for increasing the adhesion of

Ferroelectric nanodot reservoir for neuromorphic computing

• Anna Razumnaya,
• Yuri Tikhonov,
• Dmitrii Naidenko,
• Léo Boron,
• Valerii Vinokur and
• Igor Lukyanchuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 352–364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.24

• complex topological excitations, such as domains [45][46], vortices [47][48][49], helices [50], skyrmion-like structures [51][52], and hopfions [53], forming multistable polarization textures with nontrivial topology. These topological polarization configurations are not only stable against perturbations

Beam shaping techniques for pulsed laser ablation in liquids: Unlocking tunable control of nanoparticle synthesis in liquids

• Sergio Molina-Prados,
• Nadezhda M. Bulgakova,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov,
• Jesus Lancis,
• Gladys Mínguez Vega and
• Carlos Doñate-Buendia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 309–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.22

• ], including pure metals [40][41][42][43], semiconductors [44][45][46][47], or dielectric materials [48][49], in organic [41][50] or inorganic solvents [41][50][51][52]. Although initial NP production rates via PLAL were limited to a few milligram per hour, recent advancements in high-power, high-repetition

Fast vortex dynamics and relaxation times in NbRe-based heterostructures

• Francesco De Chiara,
• Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
• Francesco Avitabile,
• Francesco Colangelo,
• Abhishek Kumar,
• Carmine Attanasio and
• Carla Cirillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 292–302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.20

• superconducting properties are not fully taken into account, introducing an additional uncertainty in the theoretical value of Bs. Considering edge quality, according to Plourde et al. [46], imperfections or geometric irregularities along the edges of the strip lower the effective entry field for vortices. The

Advancing nanolithography: a comprehensive review of materials for local anodic oxidation with AFM

• Matteo Lorenzoni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 275–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.19

• authors agree with an oxidation kinetic consistent with the Cabrera–Mott model [44][45]. As an electrochemical process, LAO is inherently current-dependent. Early studies showed that oxide growth evolves from an initial electronic tunneling regime to ionic transport as the film develops [46]. Dagata and

Comparative study on 3D morphologies of delignified, single tracheids and fibers of five wood species

• Helen Gorges,
• Felicitas von Usslar,
• Cordt Zollfrank,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Martin Müller,
• Clemens F. Schaber,
• Chuchu Li and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 239–250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.16

• interpreting their wood anatomical features. In general, all five species in this study prefer humid and moist environments. Spruce and beech generally favor cool temperatures and adequate rainfall during growth season [46][47], Douglas fir and poplar perform better with moderate temperatures, but are able to

Gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a highly effective catalyst for the selective α,β-dehydrogenation of N-alkyl-4-piperidones

• Brenda Flore Kenyim,
• Mihir Tzalis,
• Marilyn Kaul,
• Robert Oestreich,
• Aysenur Limon,
• Chancellin Pecheu Nkepdep and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 218–238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.15

• reduces the active surface area. Moreover, AuNPs become partially embedded within the carbon matrix, reducing their access and availability for catalytic reactions [46]. Consequently, the composites prepared by RD typically exhibit superior catalytic performance compared to their DP-derived counterparts

Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper

• Barry Brennan,
• Vlad-Petru Veigang-Radulescu,
• Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,
• Stephan Hofmann and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13

• . Carbon present in the Cu foil is redistributed [43] with the removal of contamination effectively enhancing the relative C2− signal contribution from graphene [46]. With the electro-polishing process, the excessive carbon at the surface of the foil and from protrusions of carbon along rolling striations

• spectra [46]. This is clear for the BO sample in Figure 1a and the EP sample in Figure 1c, which still have C2− signals across all of the imaged areas. However, it is still more difficult to distinguish carbon contamination from graphene for the Ar and Ar:H2 samples in Figure 1b,d due to the increased

Safe and sustainable by design with ML/AI: A transformative approach to advancing nanotechnology

• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 176–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.11

• automation, high-throughput experimentation, and ML to accelerate materials discovery [46]. In addition, materials informatics applies advanced data-driven techniques to systematically search the vast chemical and structural design space of engineered nanomaterials, allowing researchers to pinpoint

From shield to spear: Charge-reversible nanocarriers in overcoming cancer therapy barriers

• Madhuri Yeduvaka,
• Pooja Mittal,
• Ameer Boyalakuntla,
• Usman Bee Shaik,
• Himanshu Sharma,
• Thakur Gurjeet Singh,
• Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula and
• Lakshmi Vineela Nalla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 159–175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.10

• targeted drug delivery with improved intracellular release and reduced systemic toxicity, highlighting the therapeutic advantage of pH-sensitive hydrazone bonds in nanocarrier design [46]. Another work involved polymers modified with weak acidic groups (e.g., carboxylic acids or phosphates). Under neutral

Influence of surface characteristics on the in vitro stability and cell uptake of nanoliposomes for brain delivery

• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Andreas Zimmer,
• Otmar Geiss,
• Sabrina Gioria,
• Diletta Scaccabarozzi and
• Marija Glavas Dodov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 139–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.9

• formation. Hence, these results only confirm the statement regarding the opposite dependence between the particle size and hCMEC/D3 liposomal uptake and adhesion as well as the alterations on the internalization promoted by the adsorbed serum proteins onto the surface of NLs [46]. On the other hand, NLb2

Capabilities of the 3D-MLSI software tool in superconducting neuron design

• Irina E. Tarasova,
• Nikita S. Shuravin,
• Liubov N. Karelina,
• Fedor A. Razorenov,
• Evgeny N. Zhardetsky,
• Aleksandr S. Ionin,
• Mikhail M. Khapaev and
• Vitaly V. Bol’ginov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 122–138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.8

• strip was reduced from 10 to 4 μm thanks to a more advanced fabrication process implemented at IREE RAS [44][45][46]. As a result, the area occupied by the sigma neuron was reduced by a factor of 4.4 (to 10,500 μm2). Conversely, the area of the superconducting ground plane was increased by a factor of

Development and in vitro evaluation of liposomes and immunoliposomes containing 5-fluorouracil and R-phycoerythrin as a potential phototheranostic system for colorectal cancer

• Raissa Rodrigues Camelo,
• Vivianne Cortez Sombra Vandesmet,
• Octavio Vital Baccallini,
• José de Brito Vieira Neto,
• Thais da Silva Moreira,
• Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal,
• Claudia Pessoa,
• Daniel Giuliano Cerri,
• Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley,
• Josimar O. Eloy,
• Ivanildo José da Silva Júnior and
• Raquel Petrilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 97–121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.7

• involve particles up to four times larger than those in the present study [39]. Notably, co-loading of 5-FU and R-PE in HSPC liposomes improved EE% to 46% and 42% for HSPC 25 and HSPC 50, respectively. This suggests a possible interaction between the protein and the drug, enhancing 5-FU retention

• were not statistically different under the same conditions. Previous reports show that with the DSPC lipid there is greater heterogeneity when compared to DPPC [46]. As expected, all liposomal formulations exhibited a negative zeta potential due to the presence of phosphate groups in the phospholipid

Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
• Marino Lavorgna,
• Letizia Verdolotti,
• Federica Recupido,
• Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6

• Aires (Argentina) in 1986, the “ICOM Code of Professional Ethics”, was unanimously adopted. It has been amended, revised, and retitled as “ICOM Code of Ethics for Museums” in the subsequent years and sets minimum standards of professional practice and performance for museums and their staff [46]. In

• [46][47]. Over the years, to these established criteria, another aspect has been increasingly, though not yet formally, acknowledged within the conservation community, namely, the sustainability of the material. Along these lines, with broader environmental awareness, coatings are now often expected

Subdigital integumentary microstructure in Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkota): do those lineages with incipiently expressed toepads exclusively exhibit adhesive setae?

• Philipp Ginal,
• Yannick Ecker,
• Timothy Higham,
• L. Lee Grismer,
• Benjamin Wipfler,
• Dennis Rödder,
• Anthony Russell and
• Jendrian Riedel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 38–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.4

• active distoproximal hyperextension of the digits [46][47][48]. In anoles, the pattern of setal length change and the direction of digit detachment from the substratum is reversed [47], and this is also the case in lineages of geckos that exhibit the most basic expression of toepad development [36]. In

Reduced graphene oxide paper electrode for lithium-ion cells – towards optimized thermal reduction

• Agata Pawłowska,
• Magdalena Baran,
• Stefan Marynowicz,
• Aleksandra Izabela Banasiak,
• Adrian Racki,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Tymoteusz Ciuk,
• Marta Wolczko and
• Andrzej Budziak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 24–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.3

• Agata Pawlowska Magdalena Baran Stefan Marynowicz Aleksandra Izabela Banasiak Adrian Racki Adrian Chlanda Tymoteusz Ciuk Marta Wolczko Andrzej Budziak Flake Graphene Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw

• Technologies Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.17.3 Abstract This work introduces the results of characterizing free-standing reduced graphene oxide paper, given its potential use as an

• –C group”) [46]; however, they can also origin from –OH groups as well as ether (C–O) and epoxide (C–O–C) groups [27][46]. The band near ≈1570 cm−1 can be interpreted as a result of stretching vibrations of the C=C bonds in the aromatic lattice [27][46]. Another origin of this band might be the

Competitive helical bands and highly efficient diode effect in F/S/TI/S/F hybrid structures

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Irina V. Bobkova,
• Pavel M. Marychev,
• Vasiliy S. Stolyarov,
• Vyacheslav M. Silkin and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 15–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.2

• numerous theoretical propositions demonstrating the possibility of the superconducting diode effect such as bulk superconducting materials [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34], proximity-effect hybrid structures [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45], Josephson structures [46][47][48

Quantitative estimation of nanoparticle/substrate adhesion by atomic force microscopy

• Aydan Çiçek,
• Markus Kratzer,
• Christian Teichert and
• Christian Mitterer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1–14, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.1

• density of Cu) were considered. Assuming an initial velocity of ≈100 m·s−1 [45] for 0 V acceleration bias, the total energy per atom increases linearly from 0.003 eV·atom−1 at 0 V to 0.068 eV·atom−1 at 1000 V, placing the single-charged NPs within the low-energy regime (soft landing) [46]. Note, the term

• energy, NP surface termination, relative orientation of the NP upon landing, and mechanical properties of NP and substrate [46][47]. However, a very decisive parameter is the impact velocity, which can be controlled by the substrate bias voltage applied during deposition. A higher bias voltage results in

• between 0 and 1000 V bias, the energy per atom (≈2.8 eV·atom−1) is still clearly below the binding strength of a bulk Cu–Cu bond (≈3.5 eV·atom−1) [51]. This energy per atom remains near the upper limit of the soft-landing regime, but approaches the threshold of the intermediate regime [46]. Larger NPs (10

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• heterogeneous biological samples. Earlier studies using luminescent nanothermometers have demonstrated spatially resolved, yet essentially planar, temperature mapping in transparent or thin systems [24][25]. More recently, efforts in luminescence-based 3D thermometry at the cellular scale [46][47] have explored

Terahertz-range on-chip local oscillator based on Josephson junction arrays for superconducting quantum-limited receivers

• Fedor V. Khan,
• Lyudmila V. Filippenko,
• Andrey B. Ermakov,
• Mikhail Yu. Fominsky and
• Valery P. Koshelets

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2296–2305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.158

• corresponding resonance frequency is below the operating range of the samples, we will not discuss these effects here. At certain parameter values, the IVC of the single JJ exhibits a number of features that can be quantitatively described by the RLCSJ model, as shown in [38][45][46]. The image of the